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Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso P.De Donato M.-P.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experiment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

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Does the provision of live black soldier fly and yellow mealworm larvae improve Muscovy duck welfare?

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 442-455页

作者： Marta Gariglio Sihem Dabbou Manuela Renna Ilaria Biasato Sara Bellezza Oddon Marco Meneguz Raul Daniel Miazzo Stefania Bergagna Elena Colombino Elisabetta Macchi Achille Schiavone Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 2GrugliascoTorino(TO)10095Italy Center Agriculture Food Environment(C3A) University of TrentoVia Edmund Mach 1San Michele All’AdigeTrento(TN)38098Italy Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 2GrugliascoTorino(TO)10095Italy bef biosystems s.r.l Via Tancredi Canonico 18/CTorino(TO)10156Italy Unidad de Investigacion Aviar Produccion AvicolaFac.Agr.y Vet.Universidad Nacional de Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte Liguria and Valle d’AostaVia Bologna 148Torino(TO)10154Italy

Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive *** aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood *** A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were *** consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva *** were evaluated at 3,31,and ***,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/*** The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(PP3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementatio

关键词： Behavior Cairina moschata Environmental enrichment Hermetia illucens Poultry Tenebrio molitor Welfare

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Effect of the rearing diet on gene expression of antimicrobial peptides in Hermetia illucens(Diptera:Stratiomyidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 933-946页

作者： Valentina Candian Carlotta Savio Marco Meneguz Laura Gasco Rosemarie Tedeschi Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Forestali eAlimentari(DISAFA)University of TorinoGrugliascoItaly NRAE MicalisGMEUniversity of Paris SaclayJouy-en-JosasFrance Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands bef biosystems TorinoItaly

Insect proteins have been proposed for human and animal food *** the health status of insects in mass rearing allows to obtain high-quality products and to avoid severe economic losses due to ***,new strategies for preserving insect health must be *** of the insect im-mune system through the diet is one such *** evaluated gene expression of two antimicrobial peptides(one defensin and one cecropin)in Hermetia illucens(L.)(Diptera:Stratiomyidae)reared on different *** were performed on prepupae and 10-day-old larvae reared on cereal-and municipal organic waste-based diets and on only prepupae reared on a cereal-based diet supplemented with sunflower,corn,or soybean *** inclusion of sunflower oil at different points in the cereal-based diet was also ***,diet-driven differences in the inhibitory activity of the hemolymph were tested against Escherichia coli DH5αand Micrococcus yunnanensis HI55 using diffusion assays in solid *** showed that a municipal organic waste-based diet produced a significant overexpression of antimicrobial peptides only in *** of veg-etable oils caused an upregulation of at least one peptide,except for the corn *** expression of both genes was observed when sunflower oil was added 5 days before *** hemolymph samples showed an inhibitory activity against bacteria *** results suggest that municipal organic waste-based diet and vegetable oil-added diet may successfully impact the immune system of *** alternatives may also exist forotherspeciesofeconomic interest.

关键词： cecropin cereal defensin hemolymph organic municipal solid waste vegetable oil

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Removing harvest residues from hardwood stands affects tree growth, wood density and stem wood nutrient concentration in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus spp.)

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 147-159页

作者： Sanjoy Roy Jean-Michel Leban Bernhard Zeller Gregory van der Heijden Arnaud Reichard Marie-Christine Gehin Philippe Santenoise Laurent Saint-Andre INRAE BEFF-54000 NancyFrance IGN Laboratoire de l’Inventaire ForestierNancyF-54000France Universite de Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAESILVAF-54000 NancyFrance

Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition as well as ***,as nutrients become less available in the soil,the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues(plant internal cycling)helps sustain tree *** study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter(RHRL)during five years on tree growth,wood density,and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest ***:Our study found that,RHRL significantly decreased tree growth ring width by 14%,and wood density by 3%,in beech trees,in near bark *** also significantly reduced nutrient concentration in near bark and near pith areas of both studied ***,Na and S were found lower by 44%,76%,and 56%,respectively,in near bark area of beech *** near bark area of oak trees,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,and Fe were lower by 20%,25%,41%,48%,41%,and 16%,respectively.K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in near pith area compared to near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two ***:In beech trees,wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on tree growth and *** nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients con-tained in older tree rings(close to the pith)towards newly formed rings(close to bark).In our study,in beech trees,K was found to be the most recycled major *** results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility status.

关键词： Harvest residues Fagus sylvatica Quercus petraea Dendroecology Dendrochemistry Radial growth Wood density Tree growth Ring width Translocation

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Soil chemical fertility change over four decades in the Morvan Mountains and influence of tree species (Burgundy, France)

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 460-474页

作者： Margaux Clesse Arnaud Legout Jacques Ranger Bernd Zeller Gregory van der Heijden INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance

Background: Intensive silvicultural practices and the planting of monospecific forests of coniferous, that are more productive compared to hardwoods may threaten over the mid to long-term the sustainability of soil chemical fertility of forest ecosystems, and are a major concern for forest managers and ***: We investigated the tree species effect(Quercus sessiliflora Smith, Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies Karst.,Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco., Abies nordmanniana Spach. and Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. laricio Poiret var. corsicana) on the change over time of soil chemical properties and nutrient pool sizes in the mineral and organic layers of the soil during the 45 years after the plantation of the Breuil-Chenue common garden experiment(Burgundy,France). The organic and mineral soil layers down to 70-cm depth were sampled in the different monospecific plots in 1974, 2001 and ***: Exchangeable Ca and Mg pools and soil pH increased on average over time in the 0–70 cm soil profile in most stands. However, in the topsoil layers(0–15 cm), the decrease of pH, the increase of exchangeable acidity over time under the coniferous stands and the decrease of exchangeable K pools in most stands highlighted that soil acidification is still on-going at Breuil-Chenue site but the intensity of this process depends on the tree ***, three groups of species could be distinguished: i) Nordmann fir(Abies nordmanniana Spach.)/Norway spruce(Picea abies Karst.) where acidolysis and chelation occurred, resulting in the most pronounced pH decrease in the topsoil, ii) Douglas fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco.)/Laricio pine(Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. laricio Poiret var. corsicana) where acidification caused by elevated nitrification rates is probably currently compensated by larger weathering and/or atmospheric depositions fluxes, and iii) oak(Quercus sessiliflora Smith)/beech(Fagus sylvatica L.) where soil acidification was less intense. Counterintuitively, soil a

关键词： Nutrient pools Tree species Acidification Podzolisation Recovery Ecosystem services

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