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OPTIMAL DESIGN OF HOUSING ATTICS WITH INTEGRATED SOLAR COLLECTORS

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Journal of Green building 2017年第4期12卷 3-20页

作者： Rodrigo García Alvarado Pedro G.Campos Paulina Wegertseder Departmento Diseño y Teoría de la Arquitectura Universidad del Bío-BíoAv.Collao 1202Concepción 4051381Chile Departmento de Sistemas de Información Universidad del Bío-BíoAv.Collao 1202Concepción 4051381Chile Diseño y Teoría de la Arquitectura Universidad del Bío-BíoAv.Collao 1202Concepción 4051381Chile

In order to reduce the increasing energy consumption for the domestic demands of existing single-family housing and take advantage of frequent building enlargements,this paper presents a methodology and supporting software tool for determining the optimal design configuration of an attic with integrated solar *** analysis procedure is based on parametric modeling,energy simulation and the use of evolutionary algorithms for finding optimal *** has been implemented as a Web-platform for public use that provides users with a proposal of an attic shape with maximum solar energy collection,maximum living space and minimum construc-tion envelope for each house according its size and *** attic integrates PV,thermal and hybrid solar panels on one side of the *** paper describes the methodology and software design,asssment of the Web-platform usage and case-studies to verify its *** a matter of minutes,the Web-platform enables users to select a specific attic design for each house that has integrated solar collectors that can produce energy to cover almost 100%of domestic energy *** attics designed provide a nearly 30%increase in living space through the extension of one to four rooms,and the construction cost of the envelope is similar to that of a standard housing extension.

关键词： web platform for attic design integrated solar collectors attic spaces energy consumption of single family housing parametric modeling energy simulation optimal designs

Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in dust from cars, homes, and offices: An international comparison

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第2期2卷 66-72页

作者： Stuart Harrad Sandra brommer Jochen F.Mueller School of Geography Earth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom National Centre for Environmental Toxicology The University of QueenslandKessels RoadBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Concentrations of a number of organophosphate flame retardants(PFRs)were measured in floor dust collected from living rooms in Australia(n=42),Canada(n=14),Germany(n=22),and Kazakhstan(n=9);cars from Australia(n=39)and Germany(n=19);and offices from Germany(n=25)and Kazahkstan(n=8).PFR concentrations in these samples were compared with each other and with previously reported data for PFRs in dust from similar microenvironments in the *** data reveal significant between-country differences in both absolute concentrations and the relative abundance of specific PFRs in each of the microenvironments *** notably,concentrations of TCIPP in UK living room dust(median=21 μg g^-1)exceeded significantly(pbstantial number of car dust samples contained elevated concentrations of TDCIPP,and German samples generally contained lower levels of PFRs in all microenvironments *** addition,PFRs were determined in dust samples collected from living room couches in both Australia(n=41)and the UK(n=10).The elevated concentrations of TCIPP in UK living room dust are likely attributable to the favoured use of this PFR in UK couch *** is indicated by concentrations of TCIPP in UK couch dust(median=610 μg g^-1)exceeding significantly those in Australian couch dust(median=2.9 μg g^-1).Moreover,concentrations of TCIPP in UK couch dust originating from couches 15 years old or less,display a marked relationship with the age of the couch,with concentrations in such samples increasing significantly(p<0.01)with couch age.

关键词： PFRs Indoor dust Australia Germany Canada Kazakhstan

Experimental measurements of surgical microenvironments in two operating rooms with laminar airflow and mixing ventilation systems

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Energy and built Environment 2021年第2期2卷 149-156页

作者： Guangyu Cao Ingeborg Kvammen Thea Amalie Solberg Hatten Yixian Zhang Liv-Inger Stenstad Gabriel Kiss Jan Gunnar Skogås Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyKolbjørn Hejes Vei 1B7491 TrondheimNorway Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 40045China Operating Room of the Future at St.Olavs Hospital St.Olavs HospitalOlav Kyrres Gate 107030 TrondheimNorway

At present,laminar airflow(LAF)systems and mixing ventilation(MV)systems are two commonly used ventila-tion solutions for operating rooms(ORs)to ensure the required indoor air ***,recent studies have shown that there is little difference in the prevalence of surgical site infection(SSI)for the LAF systems and MV *** objective of this study was to compare the performance of an LAF system with an MV system in ORs at *** hospital,*** this study,all the experimental measurements were conducted in real ORs with LAF and MV *** study found that the air velocity above the surgical incision is approximately two times higher in the OR with LAF than that in the OR with *** use of surgical lamps and different airflow patterns may contribute to the different surgical microenvironment of ORs with LAF and MV.

关键词： Operating room Laminar airflow Mixing ventilation Surgical microenvironment Thermal environment

Selective use patterns of woody plant species by local communities in Mumbwa Game Management Area: A prerequisite for effective management of woodland resources and benefit sharing

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第8期3卷 532-550页

作者： Chansa Chomba Vincent Nyirenda Mitulo Silengo School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Disaster Management Training Centre Mulungushi University Kabwe Zambia Zambia Wildlife Authority Directorate of Research P/B 1 Chilanga Zambia

Selective patterns of human uses of woody plants in Mumbwa Game Management Area were investigated using quantitative survey methods. Major causes of human encroachment into the wildlife zone were assessed so that appropriate management actions could be taken to ensure continued supply of goods and services to the local community. Woody plant species were found to be diverse with 93 species recorded in the study area. Of these, the community utilized 92 (99%) in different ways. Trees were cut for various reasons, major ones being;building poles, fire wood, fibre, fruit collection, medicine, bee honey collection, house hold tools and utensils and clearing for agriculture. Clearing for agriculture was the most damaging, because it involved removal of below and above ground woody biomass of all sizes and suppression of their regeneration during cultivation in subsequent years. Of the recorded human uses, 2366 kg of woody plant material was consumed per head/yr?1as fire wood. The day to day consumption of firewood varied with season. In the cold season (May-August), a 26 kg (mean weight) bundle of firewood was consumed in three days while in the warm season it lasts five days. Certain species were particularly selected;Julbernardia paniculata,Pericopsis angolensis,brachystegia speciformis,brachystegia boehmii,Julbernardia globiflora,brachystegia longifolia,and Pteleopsis anisoptera. In building and construction, differences were observed in the species and size of poles was used. The mean sizes of roofing poles were 3.5 metres long and 0.18 metres mid-length girth. Wall poles were 2.4 metres long and 0.40 metres mid-length girth. For the main house of about two rooms each, there were an average number of 48 poles in the roof (45,859.2 cm3) and 28 (284,653.6 cm3) in the wall. Clearing for agriculture was the main cause of damage to woody plants in the Game Management Area. The extension of human settlements into the wildlife zone and towards the Itezhi-tezhi road is likel

关键词： Utilization Woody Plants Local Community Agriculture

Submicron particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Polish teaching rooms： Concentrations, origin and health hazard

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 235-244页

作者： Wioletta Rogula-Kozlowska barbara Kozielska Grzegorz Majewski Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec Walter Mucha Karolina Kociszewska Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences 34 M. Sklodowska-Curie St. 41-819 Zabrze Poland The Main School of Fire Service Faculty of Fire Safety Engineering 52/54 Stowackiego St. 01-629 Warsaw Poland Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering Department of Air Protection 22B Konarskiego St. 44-100 Gliwice Poland Faculty of Civil and Enuironmental Engineering Warsaw University of Life Sciences 166 Nowoursynowska St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland

The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAH） bound to submicrometer particles（particulate matter, PM1） suspended in the air of university teaching rooms and in the atmospheric air outside. Two teaching rooms were selected in two Polish cities, Gliwice, southern Poland,and Warsaw, central Poland, differing with regard to the ambient concentrations and major sources of PM and PAH. The variabilities of indoor and outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1-bound PAH, the ratio（I/O） of the indoor to outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1-bound PAH, probable sources of PAH and the level of the hazard from the mixture of the 16 PAH（ΣPAH） to humans at both sites were analyzed. In both Warsaw and Gliwice, the mean concentrations of PM1-bound ΣPAH were slightly higher in the atmospheric air than in the rooms. The indoor and outdoor concentrations of individual PAH in Gliwice were correlated,in Warsaw – they were not. Most probably, the lack of the correlations in Warsaw was due to the existence of an unidentified indoor source of gaseous PAH enriching PM1 in phenanthrene, fluorene, and pyrene. Although the ambient concentrations of PM1-bound PAH were low compared to the ones observed earlier at both sites, they were much higher than in other urbanized European areas. However, because of low mass share of heavy PAH in ΣPAH, the various indicators of the health hazard from the 16 PAH mixture were low compared to other regions.

关键词： Indoor air Submicrometer particles Health hazard Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo(a)pyrene

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地下商业房间空调室内设计温度取值问题探讨

暖通空调 2020年第4期50卷 35-39,27页

作者：陶邯张华玲洪诗尧重庆大学 400045 重庆大学b区土木工程学院 400045

通过DeST软件模拟与现场实测手段,针对不同气候区地下商业房间室内空气温度和平均辐射温度存在的差异,研究了地温对地下房间人体热舒适的影响。发现按现行标准规范确定地下商业房间的空调室内设计温度,不同气候区的人体热感觉PMV存在明... 详细信息

通过DeST软件模拟与现场实测手段,针对不同气候区地下商业房间室内空气温度和平均辐射温度存在的差异,研究了地温对地下房间人体热舒适的影响。发现按现行标准规范确定地下商业房间的空调室内设计温度,不同气候区的人体热感觉PMV存在明显区别。建议按地温及被覆面积比(房间外围护结构面积与房间围护结构总面积之比)确定地下商业房间空调室内设计温度。根据热舒适度等级给出了不同气候区被覆面积比在0.21~0.79之间的地下商业房间冬夏季空调室内舒适温度值推荐范围。

关键词：地下商业房间热环境地温人体热舒适室内设计温度

Estimation of the Solid Waste Generation and Recycling Potential of the Hotel Sector: A Case Study in Hue City, Vietnam

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第7期9卷 751-769页

作者： Le Hoang Son Yasuhiro Matsui Do Thi Thu Trang Nguyen Phuc Thanh Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University Okayama Japan Danang University of Science and Technology University of Da Nang Da Nang Vietnam New Royal Village b202 1497-1 Muramatsu Tokai Village Naka-gun Ibaraki 319-1112 Japan Hitachi Zosen Corporation Tokyo Japan

This study examined the solid waste generation and recycling potential of the hotel sector in Hue City, Vietnam. The authors conducted waste measurement, waste composition, and questionnaire surveys for 45 target hotels over ten consecutive days. The waste generation rates (WGRs) by rooms, beds, guests, and workers were assessed by hotel class using the following three waste categories, considering informal waste collection: general waste (GW), separated recyclables (SRe), and separated food residue (SFR). The 5-star hotels exhibited the highest WGR per room at 1.61 kg/room/day, while 1-star hotels exhibited the lowest per-room WGR (0.39 kg/room/day). Spearman Rank correlation test revealed that hotel class and per-room, per-bed, and per-guest WGRs were significantly positively correlated (p based on the WGRs and waste composition determined in this study, the estimated total amount of waste generated was 6.88 tons/day (6.26 to 7.62 tons/day, 95% CI), of which 4.37 (64%), 2.13 (31%), and 0.38 tons/day (6%) were GW, SFR, and SRe, respectively. The recycling and composting potentials remaining in GW were 0.94 (13%) and 2.57 tons/day (37%), respectively. High-class hotels should be considered as the highest priority targets for a “reduce, reuse, recycle” (3R) promotion campaign in the future, with estimated recycling and composting potentials of 0.27 (4%) and 1.10 tons/day (16%), respectively.

关键词： Waste Generation Recycling Potential Hotel Sector Confidence Interval Estimation

一项关于接受CAbG的高危患者围手术期应用N-乙酰半胱氨酸预防肾功能不全的随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 22-24页

作者： burns K. E. A. Chu M. W. A. Novick R. J. 杜媛 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care University of Toronto St. Michael's Hospital 30 Bond St Toronto Ont. M5B 1W8 Canada

Context: Renal dysfunction is a complication of coronary artery bypass graft(CAbG) surgery performed with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPb) that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and vasodilator, counteracts renal ischemia and hypoxia. Objective: To determine whether perioperative intravenous(IV) N-acetylcysteine preserves renal function in high-risk patients undergoing CAbG surgery with CPb compared with placebo. Design, Setting, and Patients: Randomized, quadruple blind, placebo-controlled trial(October 2003-September 2004) in operating rooms and general intensive care units(ICUs) of 2 Ontario tertiary care centers. The 295 patients required elective or urgent CAbG and had at least 1 of the following: preexisting renal dysfunction, at least 70 years old, diabetes mellitus, impaired left ventricular function, or undergoing concomitant valve or redo surgery. Interventions: Patients received 4(2 intraoperative and 2 postoperative)doses of IV N-acetylcysteine(600 mg)(n=148) or placebo(n=147) over 24 hours. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients developing postoperative renal dysfunction, defined by an increase in serum creatinine level greater than 0.5 mg/dL(44 μmol/L) or a 25%increase from baseline within the first 5 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes included postoperative interventions and complications, the requirement for renal replacement therapy(RRT), adverse events, hospital mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results: There was no difference in the proportion of patients with postoperative renal dysfunction(29.7%vs 29.0%, P=.89; relative risk[RR], 1.03[95%confidence interval {CI}, 0.72-1.46]) in the N-acetylcysteine and placebo groups, respectively. We noted nonsignificant differences in postoperative interventions and complications, the need for RRT(0.7%vs 2.1%; P=.37), total(6.1%vs 9.6%; P=.26) and serious adverse events, hospital mortality(3.4%vs 2.7%; P >.99)

关键词：乙酰半胱氨酸肾功能不全随机对照试验围手术期应用瓣膜手术冠状动脉搭桥术肾脏替代治疗安慰剂对照三级护理肾缺血

Modification of Campylobacterjejuni broiler Colonization by a Feed Additive Composed of Encapsulated Organic Acids and Essential Oils

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第10期4卷 853-864页

作者： Alexandre Thibodeau Philippe Fravalo Robert Gauthier Evelyne Guevremont Nadia bergeron Sylvette Laurent-Lewandowski Sylvaln Quessy Martine boulianne Ann Letellier Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Montreal Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 2M2 Canada Food Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 8E3 Canada JEFO Nutrition Inc. Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 7B6 Canada

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel feed additive on chicken intestinal colonization and carcass contamination by Campylobacterjejuni. The feed additive was composed of microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils （OA/EO）. The feed additive tested was provided by Jefo Nutrition Inc., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada. Day-old birds were separated into two rooms and subdivided into two groups. Chicken were fed with OA/EO or not fed with OA/EO until they reached 35 d of age. At 14 d of age, chickens received an oral suspension of two well characterized C. jejuni strains, depending on the room they were housed in. The levels of C. jejuni were periodically monitored in the caecum and on the carcasses. C. jejuni colonization was further characterized by the use of high-resolution melt analysis of the C. jejuniflaA gene （HRM-flaA）. The effect of the feed additive was strain-dependent. In room two, the feed additive had no effect on the caecal counts. In room one, at 35 d of age, caecal C. jejuni counts were higher with OA/EO, as opposed to carcasses counts which were lower in the treated group. The HRM-flaA analysis showed that an amplification profile was predominant in birds fed with OA/EO at 35 d of age in room one, suggesting the selection of a C. jejuni strain. In conclusion, the OA/EO seemed to be effective to reduce C. jejuni levels but this effect appeared strain dependent.

关键词： C. jejuni control feed additive HRM organic acids and essential oils chicken colonization.