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Bird assemblages in natural and urbanized habitats along elevational gradient in Nainital district （western Himalaya） of Uttarakhand state, India

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 318-329页

作者： Dinesh BHATT Kamal Kant JOSHI avian diversity and bioacoustics lab Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University Harid- war 249 404 Uttarakhand India

The Indian subcontinent is amongst the biologically better known parts of the tropics and its bird fauna has been well documented. However, avian community composition and diversity along elevational gradients and amongst habitat types remains unclear in India. We attempted to estimate bird assemblages in terms of diversity, species composition, status and abun- dance in urban and forest habitats of Nainital district of Uttarakhand （350-2450 m asl; 29N）, Western Himalayas. We sampled different elevational gradients and to understand the effect of urbanization and season on avian community composition. Field studies were conducted during January 2005 to January 2007. Results indicated that the forest had more complex bird community structure in terms of higher species richness （14.35 vs 8.69）, higher species diversity （Shannon＇s index 4.00 vs 3.54）, higher evenness （0.838 vs 0.811） and more rare species （17 vs 5） as compared to urban habitat. However, the abundance of 11 species was higher in urban habitats. Bird Species Richness （BSR） varied considerably among study areas （91 to 113 species）, was high- est （113 species） at mid elevation （1450-1700 m asl） and decreased （22 species） at high elevation （1900-2450 m asl）. It seems that high BSR at mid altitudes is not caused by the presence of a group of mid altitude specialists but rather that there is an over- lap in the distribution of low land and high elevation specialists at this altitude. BSR and Bird Species diversity fluctuated across seasons but not habitat type [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 318-329,2011].

关键词： avian biodiversity Western Himalaya Urbanization

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The effect of mate removal on dawn singing behaviour in male pied bush chats

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 72-76页

作者： Vinaya Kumar SETHI Dinesh BHATT Amit KUMAR avian diversity and bioacoustics lab Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar249 404 Uttarakhand India

To determine the influence of pairing status on dawn singing behaviour in pied bush chats Saxicola caprata, we conducted mate removal experiments across eight territories. The experiment was divided into three stages： pre-removal （pairs were present on their respective territories）, removal （females were experimentally removed）, and returned （females were released into the focal pairs＇ territories）. Dawn bout length, song rate, song complexity, percentage performance time, song perch height, and distance of singing location to territory boundary were measured for each male during each experimental stage. We did not find an effect of mate removal on any dawn song characteristics of male pied bush chats suggesting that the presence or absence of a mate does not influence male dawn singing behaviour. Our findings further suggest that males use dawn chorus to mediate social relationships with neighbouring males to proclaim an established territory

关键词： Dawn chorus Mate removal Pied Bush Chat Saxicola caprata

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Taxonomic status of grey-headed Yellow Wagtails breeding in western China

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avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 534-543页

作者： Alexander Hellquist Fredrik Friberg Petter Haldén Peter Schmidt Ming Ma Gou Jun Urban Olsson Per Alström Fatburs kvarngata 17 11864 StockholmSweden Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.818 Beijing RoadUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina Xinjiang Birdwatching Society 311 Nongda East RoadUrumqi 830091XinjiangChina Systematics and Bio-diversity Department of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre GothenburgSweden Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden Key laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Edeby 9 74191 KnivstaSweden Lenabergsvägen 33 74392 VattholmaSweden Tallmovägen 9 75645 UppsalaSweden

Background:Field studies from 2011 onwards have demonstrated the presence of a breeding population of Yellow Wagtails(Motacilla flava)in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China that is phenotypically distinct from known subspecies occurring in *** we describe the plumages and vocalisations of this population and discuss its taxonomic ***:The analysis of plumage is based on field studies and photos available *** of vocalisations are compared with recordings from other Yellow Wagtail populations,and differences are analysed based on *** DNA from one individual is compared to other Yellow Wagtail ***:Unlike *** subspecies breeding in or near Xinjiang,males in the studied population show a blue-grey head without prominent white supercilium,being most similar to the widely disjunct *** differ from the similarly widely allopatric ***,which might occur as a migrant or vagrant in Xinjiang,by on average cleaner yellow breast and more extensive white on the throat,and from the widely disjunct *** and ***,which might also occur on migration in that area,by softer contact calls and slower pace of *** are similar to female *** in *** mitochondrial ND2 tree shows the single sample from Xinjiang to be nested in the clade of western Yellow Wagtail ***:We discuss whether the Xinjiang breeding population could represent an intergrade between subspecies breeding nearby,or whether it is better regarded as a separate as yet unrecognized *** argue that the localization of its apparent range in relation to other subspecies along with fairly consistent male and female plumages suggest that it is more likely to represent an undescribed taxon,but conclude that more research is needed to firmly establish its status.

关键词： bioacoustics Mitochondrial DNA Morphology Motacilla flava Systematics Undescribed populations

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Conservation genetics of a resident population of Greylag Goose(Anser anser) at the southernmost limit of the species' distribution in Europe

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avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 53-62页

作者： Anastasios Bounas Giorgos Catsadorakis Annita Logotheti Berend Voslamber Antonios Magoulas Dimitris Tsaparis Molecular Ecology and Conservation Genetics lab Department of Biological Applications and TechnologyUniversity of Ioannina Society for the Protection of Prespa Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture(IMBBC)Hellenic Centre for Marine Research(HCMR)

Background:Conservation of small and isolated populations can be challenging since they are prone to loss of genetic diversity due to random genetic drift and ***,information from the assessment of genetic diversity and structure are needed for conservation programs to determine the appropriate management strategy for the *** investigated the levels of genetic variability in a resident Greylag Goose(Anser anser) population,the southernmost breeding population of the species in Europe and the sole viable population of any goose species in ***:A fragment of mtDNA Control Region and a panel of 11 microsatellite markers were used to search for any signs of genetic impoverishment and population substructure and to reveal the underlying processes through the identification of possible past demographic ***:The population was found to be monomorphic in the amplified fragment of the mitochondrial Control Region,with all individuals sharing a single private *** showed a lack of any population substructure indicating a panmictic *** the population seems to have experienced a strong and recent genetic bottleneck and exhibits a small effective population size,we did not find evidence of either extremely low levels of genetic diversity or inbreeding ***:The recent demographic decline we detected and the combined influence of residency and anthropogenic factors have probably shaped the current genetic *** study population does not need emergency conservation actions but should be regarded as a discrete management *** management strategies should focus on population and genetic monitoring and preventing further abundance declines that would increase the risk of genetic impoverishment.

关键词： Conservation Genetic variability Inbreeding Isolation Management units Microsatellites mtDNA Nonmigratory population

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Performance comparison of different microbial DNA extraction methods on bird feces

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avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 247-254页

作者： Xian Hou Shengkai Pan Zhenzhen Lin Jiliang Xu Xiangjiang Zhan School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Key lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Cardiff University-Institute of Zoology Joint laboratory for Biocomplex-ity Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sci-encesKunming 650223China

Background:As an important player during food digestion,gut microbiota has attracted much attention in diet adaptation studies in *** extracted from feces has been widely used as a proxy for gut *** several methods have been developed for microbial DNA extraction,their performances in the bird feces have not been systematacially evaluated ***:In this study,we applied three DNA extraction methods(Qiagen,MoBio and Bead)to extract DNA from feces of three avian dietary guilds(granivore,omnivore and carnivore),sequenced V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for each extract and evaluated the performances of DNA yield,DNA integrity,microbial composition,cell lysis capacity and alpha diversity for the three methods on each dietary ***:Bead method was the best on the performance of both DNA yield and DNA integrity regardless of dietary *** granivore,microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels,alpha diversity and cell lysis capacity were comparable among all *** omnivore,Qiagen had the best performance on alpha diversity,fol-lowed by Bead and *** were small variations on microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum levels among different extraction *** exhibited the best performance on cell lysis *** carnivore,considerable variations were found on microbial relative abundance at both species and phylum *** had the best performance on alpha diversity,followed by MoBio and *** had the highest cell lysis ***:DNA yield and integrity have no obvious impact on microbial composition,alpha diversity or cell lysis *** microbiota results(e.g.,microbial composition,cell lysis capacity,alpha diversity)obtained from differ-ent methods are comparable in granivorous avian species but not in omnivorous or carnivorous *** method could be used in granivore microbiota *** omnivores and carnivores,we recommend Qiagen method when the

关键词： 16S rRNA Alpha diversity avian Dietary guild Feces DNA extraction method Microbial relative abundance

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diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： Luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime MURIEL Sergio MAGALLANES Zaira Hellen VILLA-GALARCE Leonila RICOPA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESPINOZA Carlos MENDOZA Blanca SALDANA Manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-PINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto PINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge Manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis MENDOZA Ravinder NMSEHGAL Alfonso MARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain Molecular Ecology and Evolution lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologıa-IPE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de Microbiologia y Parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru laboratorio de Microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru laboratorio de Analisis Clinico Moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion Peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary *** and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species ***,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite ***,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(Plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian *** 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird *** showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously ***,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian *** outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ***,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite *** parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian *** outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified *** studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus Plasmodium specialist parasite

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