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Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of Ross broilers from hatch to day 14 post-hatch

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 122-129页

作者： Carrie L.Walk Raffaella Aureli Pauline Jenn DSM Nutritional products Research Center for Animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional Products

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) calcium requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 post-hatch.Ross 308 (n=360) male broilers were obtained on day of hatch and allocated to 1 of 5 treatments in battery cages.There were 6 birds per cage and 12 pens per treatment.Four treatments were formulated to contain 0.60%,0.46%,0.32% or 0.18% SID Ca.The final treatment was formulated using total Ca to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements,including 0.90% total Ca and 0.49% non-phytate P (nPP),using the same ingredients.This treatment was the reference diet for comparison and validation of the SID Ca diets.Birds and feed were weighed at placement and on d 14.Tibias and ileal contents were obtained on d 14 and excreta was collected per pen and pooled on d 14.Data were analyzed using JMP Pro and requirements were estimated using 3different non-linear regression models.Increasing the SID Ca content in the diet from 0.18% to 0.60% improved (quadratic,P<0.05) body weight gain and mortality corrected feed conversion ratio (mFCR).The estimated SID Ca requirement to optimize gain or m FCR was between 0.39% and 0.52%.Tibia ash percent and weight increased (quadratic,P<0.05) as SID Ca content in the diet increased and the estimated SID Ca requirement was between 0.32% and 0.58%.Phosphorus utilization was improved in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference diet.In conclusion,the SID Ca requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 was estimated between 0.534% and 0.398% when quadratic,straight-broken line,or quadratic-broken line regressions were used.These results agree with previously published data evaluating the SID Ca requirement of fast-growth broilers from hatch to d 10.

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Digestible calcium Requirements Retention Tibia ash

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Recent advances and future prospects on Ni_(3)S_(2)-Based electrocatalysts for efficient alkaline water electrolysis

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 659-683页

作者： Shiwen Wang Zhen Geng Songhu Bi Yuwei Wang Zijian Gao Liming Jin Cunman Zhang Clean Energy automotive Engineering Center School of Automotive StudiesTongji UniversityShanghai201804China

Green hydrogen(H_(2))produced by renewable energy powered alkaline water electrolysis is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon emissions.However,efficient and economic H_(2) production by alkaline water electrolysis is hindered by the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Therefore,it is imperative to design and fabricate high-active and low-cost non-precious metal catalysts to improve the HER and OER performance,which affects the energy efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis.Ni_(3)S_(2) with the heazlewoodite structure is a potential electrocatalyst with near-metal conductivity due to the Ni–Ni metal network.Here,the review comprehensively presents the recent progress of Ni_(3)S_(2)-based electrocatalysts for alkaline water electrocatalysis.Herein,the HER and OER mechanisms,performance evaluation criteria,preparation methods,and strategies for performance improvement of Ni_(3)S_(2)-based electrocatalysts are discussed.The challenges and perspectives are also analyzed.

关键词： Alkaline water electrolysis Hydrogen Electrocatalysts Ni_(3)S_(2)

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Effect of catalyst diesel particulate filter aging and catalyst loadings on particulate emission characteristics from a diesel vehicle

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 35-44页

作者： Yunhua Zhang Diming Lou Piqiang Tan Zhiyuan Hu Liang Fang School of automotive Studies Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

In this study,the effect of new and used catalyzed diesel particulate filter(CDPF)with different catalyst loadings on the particulate emissions including the particle mass(PM),particle number(PN),particle size distribution(PSD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD)from a diesel vehicle were investigated based on a heavy chassis dynamometer.Results showed that more than 97.9%of the PN and 95.4%of the PM were reduced by the CDPF,and the reduction efficiency was enhanced by the catalyst loading.After using the CDPF,the PSD transformed from bimodal to trimodal with the peak shifting towards smaller particle size,more nucleation mode particles were reduced compared with accumulation mode ones,but the reduction effect on the accumulation mode particles was more significantly influenced by the catalyst loading.Notably,the CDPF increased the accumulation mode particles proportion,producing a larger GMD.For the used CDPF,its reduction effect on the particulate emissions enhanced,especially for the PM in accumulation mode.The PSD returned to bimodal,but the peak at accumulation mode began to be higher than that at nucleation mode,illustrating that more nucleation mode particles was removed.The aging of the CDPF resulted in greater effect on the PN-based PSD than that of PM-based PSD,but the effect of catalyst loading on the PN and PM emission factors was weakened.The used CDPF further increased the GMD,and the effect of catalyst loading on the GMD was strengthened,a higher catalyst loading led to a reduction in the GMD.

关键词： Catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) Catalyst loading Aging Particle Particle size distribution Geometric mean diameter

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Influence of Mixture Gas Conditions on the Laminar Combustion Characteristics of Natural Gas

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1231-1241页

作者： LOU Diming ZHU Kan ZHANG Yunhua REN Yedi TAN Piqiang FANG Liang FAN Lanlan School of automotive Studies Tongji UniversityShanghai201804China Ji’nan Power Co.Ltd Sinotruk GroupJi’nan250200China

Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel for the internal combustion engine,and natural gas engine has become an efficient and feasible measure to deal with the energy shortage and climate change.Since the laminar flame characteristics are the foundation of the turbulent flame,the laminar flame characteristics of natural gas have a significant impact on the combustion status and efficiency of the engine.A visual constant volume bomb was used to study the influence of the gas components,different excess air coefficient(λ),and initial conditions on the laminar combustion characteristics of natural gas.The experimental results showed that when the initial pressure and temperature were 0.1 MPa and 300 K respectively,compared to propane,ethane had a remarkable influence on the equivalent-combustion laminar-combustion-speed,with an average increase of approximately 5.1%for every 2.5%increase in the ethane proportion.The laminar combustion velocity of the natural gas under different excess air coefficients had a maximum value at aboutλ=1.0,and the Markstein length of the flame decreased with the increase of theλ.The increase in the initial pressure of the mixture resulted in a decrease in the equivalent-combustion laminar-combustion-speed of the flame,a significant decrease in the Markstein length.The increase of the initial temperature of the mixture led to a rapid increase of the equivalent-combustion laminar-combustion-speed,but the effect on the flame Markstein length was not dominant.

关键词： constant volume bomb natural gas engine combustion characteristics laminar combustion velocity Markstein length

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Remediation of amide pesticide-polluted soils by combined solarization and ozonation treatment

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 641-651页

作者： Isabel GARRIDO Carmen MMARTINEZ Pilar FLORES Pilar HELLIN Fulgencio CONTRERAS Jose FENOLL Department of Sustainability and Quality group of Fruit and Vegetable products Instituto Murciano de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario y MedioambientalLa Alberca 30150(Spain)

Agriculture has a close relationship with nature,but it can also be the source of negative and permanent environmental effects.The use of pesticides in modern agriculture is a common practice,but their side effects on the environment cannot be disregarded.In this study,we evaluated a combination of solarization and ozonation techniques for the elimination of six amide pesticides(boscalid,chlorantraniliprole,cyflufenamid,fluopyram,napropamide,and propyzamide)in soil.Initial experiments were performed with four different soils to assess the efficiency of this methodology at different soil temperatures and ozone dosages under laboratory conditions,and then a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions during summer.Fifty days after the onset of the experiments,higher degradation percentages of amide pesticides were observed in ozonized soils than in other treated soils,particularly when ozone was applied at 10 cm soil depth.The results show that the utilization of ozonation,along with solarization,represents a valid method for degrading residues of the studied pesticides and suggest that this combined technology may be a promising tool for remediating pesticide-polluted soils.

关键词： intermediate ozone pesticide degradation pesticide residue polyethylene film remediation technique

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Mechanism of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy exhibiting near-linear elastic deformation

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2282-2289页

作者： Yan Guo Wang Ding Wen Ma Shun Guo Hao-Dong Meng Nian-Yao Xu School of automotive Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Youke Publishing Co. Ltd China Grinm Group Co. Ltd

In this work, the underlying mechanism responsible for the near-linear elastic deformation behavior of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy consisting of β and a''phase with large recoverable strain was systematically elucidated.Based on in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction(SXRD)analyses, it was found that besides intrinsic elastic deformation, a slight reversible β ? a''stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation, which proceeded in a consecutive mode under the retarding effect of micro-defects, took place during the near-linear elastic deformation.After unloading, a small amount of residual macroscopic strain remained in the specimen due to the incomplete reverse a''→ β transformation on unloading. The high near-linear elastic deformability of the cold drawing(CD)Ti-Nb alloy has been revealed to be attributed to the coupling actions of intrinsic elasticity as well as the consecutive and reversible β ? a''SIM transformation. Our research may contribute to a new avenue for the design and development of novel dual-phase Ti-based alloys with desirable elastic deformability.

关键词： Titanium alloys Dual-phase Near-linear elastic deformation Martensitic transformation

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LLTH‑YOLOv5:A Real‑Time Traffic Sign Detection Algorithm for Low‑Light Scenes

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automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 121-137页

作者： Xiaoqiang Sun Kuankuan Liu Long Chen Yingfeng Cai Hai Wang automotive Engineering Research Institute Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Traffic sign detection is a crucial task for autonomous driving systems.However,the performance of deep learning-based algorithms for traffic sign detection is highly affected by the illumination conditions of scenarios.While existing algo-rithms demonstrate high accuracy in well-lit environments,they suffer from low accuracy in low-light scenarios.This paper proposes an end-to-end framework,LLTH-YOLOv5,specifically tailored for traffic sign detection in low-light scenarios,which enhances the input images to improve the detection performance.The proposed framework comproses two stages:the low-light enhancement stage and the object detection stage.In the low-light enhancement stage,a lightweight low-light enhancement network is designed,which uses multiple non-reference loss functions for parameter learning,and enhances the image by pixel-level adjustment of the input image with high-order curves.In the object detection stage,BIFPN is introduced to replace the PANet of YOLOv5,while designing a transformer-based detection head to improve the accuracy of small target detection.Moreover,GhostDarkNet53 is utilized based on Ghost module to replace the backbone network of YOLOv5,thereby improving the real-time performance of the model.The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of traffic sign detection in low-light scenarios,while satisfying the real-time requirements of autonomous driving.

关键词： Deep learning Traffic sign detection Low-light enhancement YOLOv5 Object detection

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On the electric behaviour of conductive grease inside the contact zone

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 683-697页

作者： Yuxin ZHOU Jinjie LIU Xinming LI He CHONG Bo HAN Qinghua BAI SKF(Shanghai)automotive Technologies Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201814China School of Mechanical and automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266250China

Conductive grease has been considered as a potential solution in addressing electric erosion issue inside motor bearings.Understanding the conductive grease performance,especially the electric and tribological behaviour is crucial for its application.This paper combines bulk grease characterization and contact film study considering both electrical and tribological loading conditions.The results show that the electric performance for the selected conductive grease sample is electric field dependent,including both frequency and voltage amplitude.Its film impedance inside the contact area is closely related to the external electric field,running condition,and lubrication regime.The following film impedance calculation tells that not only bulk grease electric parameters,but the contact parameter,lubricant film contour and lubrication condition should be considered when performing the overall bearing electrical modelling.

关键词： Electric erosion lubricant conductivity grease film impedance

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Development of advanced anion exchange membrane from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cell

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 348-369,I0009页

作者： Chao Liu Zhen Geng Xukang Wang Wendong Liu Yuwei Wang Qihan Xia Wenbo Li Liming Jin Cunman Zhang Clean Energy automotive Engineering Center Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China School of automotive Studies Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis combined with renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon emissions.Among water electrolysis technologies,the anion exchange membrane(AEM) water electrolysis has gained intensive attention and is considered as the next-generation emerging technology due to its potential advantages,such as the use of low-cost non-noble metal catalysts,the relatively mature stack assembly process,etc.However,the AEM water electrolyzer is still in the early development stage of the kW-level stack,which is mainly attributed to severe performance decay caused by the core component,i.e.,AEM.Here,the review comprehensively presents the recent progress of advanced AEM from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cells.Herein,fundamental principles and critical components of AEM water electrolyzers are introduced,and work conditions of AEM water electrolyzers and AEM performance improvement strategies are discussed.The challenges and perspectives are also analyzed.

关键词： Hydrogen Water electrolysis Anion exchange membrane Electrolysis cell

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A comprehensive review on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of 8 potent Prunus species of southeast Asia

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 620-628页

作者： Shikha Agrawal Adarsh Kumar Ankit Kumar Singh Harshwardhan Singh Suresh Thareja Pradeep Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural products Central University of Punjab

Genus Prunus comprising around 430 species is a vast important genus of family Rosaceae, subfamily amygdalaoidae. Among all 430 species, around 19 important species are commonly found in Indian subcontinent due to their broad nutritional and economic importance. Some most common species of genus Prunus are Prunus amygdalus, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, Prunus cerasoides, Prunus domestica, Prunus mahaleb, etc. A newly introduced species of Prunus i.e Prunus sunhangii is recently discovered which is morphologically very similar to Prunus cerasoides. Plants of Prunus species are short to medium-sized deciduous trees mainly found in the northern hemisphere. In India and its subcontinent,it extends from the Himalayas to Sikkim, Meghalaya,Bhutan, Myanmar etc. Different Prunus species have been extensively studied for their morphological,microscopic, pharmacological and phytoconstituents characteristics. Total phenolic content of Prunus species explains the presence of phenols in high quantity and pharmacological activity due to phenols. Phytochemical screening of species of genus Prunus shows the presence of wide phytoconstituents which contributes in their pharmacological significance and reveals the therapeutic potential and traditional medicinal significance of this genus. Genus Prunus showed a potent antioxidant activity analyzed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical assay. Plant species belonging to the genus Prunus is widely used traditionally for the treatment of various disorders. Some specific Prunus species possess potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory,hypoglycemic etc. activity which makes the genus more interesting for further research and findings. This review is an attempt to summarize the comprehensive study of Prunus species from its distribution, morphological characters to phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activity.

关键词： Prunus Rosaceae antineoplastic agents distribution hypoglycemic agents phytochemistry review

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