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plant glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins at the plasma membrane-cell wall nexus

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2018年第8期60卷 649-669页

作者： Trevor H.Yeats Antony Bacic Kim L.Johnson School of Integrated plant Sciences Section of Plant Biology Cornell University Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA-ARS Cornell University australian research council centre of excellence in plant cell walls School of Bio Sciences University of Melbourne La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food Department of Animal Plant and Soil Sciences La Trobe University

Approximately 1% of plant proteins are predicted to be post-translationally modified with a glycosylphospha- tidylinositol （GPI） anchor that tethers the polypeptide to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Whereas the synthesis and structure of GPI anchors is largely conserved across eukaryotes, the repertoire of functional domains present in the GPl-anchored proteome has diverged substantially. In plants, this includes a large fraction of the GPl-anchored proteome being further modified with plant-specific arabinogalactan （AG） O-glycans. The impor- tance of the GPl-anchored proteome to plant development is underscored by the fact that GPI biosynthetic null mutants exhibit embryo lethality. Mutations in genes encoding specific GPl-anchored proteins （GAPs） further supports their contribution to diverse biological processes, occurring at the interface of the plasma membrane and cell wall, including signaling, cell wall metabolism, cell wall polymer cross-linking, and plasmodesmatal transport. Here, we review the literature concerning plant GPl-anchored proteins, in the context of their potential to act as molecular hubs that mediate interactions between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, and their potential to transduce the signal into the protoplast and, thereby, activate signal transduction pathways.

关键词： GPI plant glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins at the plasma membrane-cell wall nexus

Method for hull-less barley transformation and manipulation of grain mixed-linkage beta-glucan

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2018年第5期60卷 382-396页

作者： Wai Li Lim Helen M. Collins Rohan R. Singh Natalie A. J. Kibble Kuok Yap Jillian Taylor Geoffrey B. Fincher Rachel A. Burton ARC centre of excellence in plant cell walls School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SouthAustralia 5064 Australia Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland，4072，Australia

Hull-less barley is increasingly offering scope for breeding grains with improved characteristics for human nutrition; however, recalcitrance of hull-less cultivars to transformation has limited the use of these varieties. To overcome this limitation, we sought to develop an effective transformation system for hull-less barley using the cultivar Torrens. Torrens yielded a transformation efficiency of 1.8%, using a modified Agrobacterium transformation method. This method was used to over-express genes encoding synthases for the important dietary fiber component, 0,3;1,4）-β-glucan （mixed-linkage glucan）, primarily present in starchy endosperm cell walls. Over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, driven by an endosperm-specific promoter, produced lines where mixed-linkage glucan content increased on average by 45%, peaking at 70% in some lines, with smaller increases in transgenic HvCsIH1 grain. Transgenic HvCslF6 lines displayed alterations where grain had a darker color, were more easily crushed than wild type and were smaller. This was associated with an enlarged cavity in the central endosperm and changes in cell morphology, including aleurone and sub-aleurone cells. This work provides proof-of-concept evidence that mixed-linkage glucan content in hull-less barley grain can be increased by over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, but also indicates that hull-less cultivars may be more sensitive to attempts to modify cell wall composition.

关键词： Tobias I. Baskin University of Massachusetts USA

Characterization of Ion Contents and Metabolic Responses to Salt Stress of Different Arabidopsis AtHKT1;1 Genotypes and Their Parental Strains

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Molecular plant 2013年第2期6卷 350-368页

作者： Camilla B. Hill Deepa Jha Antony Bacic Mark Tester Ute Roessner australian centre for plant Functional Genomics School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia australian centre for plant Functional Genomics University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond 5064 SA Australia Metabolomics Australia School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia ARC centre of excellence in plant cell walls School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

plants employ several strategies to maintain cellular ion homeostasis under salinity stress, including mediat-ing ion fluxes by transmembrane transport proteins and adjusting osmotic pressure by accumulating osmolytes. The HKT （high-affinity potassium transporter） gene family comprises Na^＋ and Na^＋/K^＋ transporters in diverse plant species, with HKT1,1 as the only member in Arabidopsis thaliana. cell-type-specific overexpression of AtHKT1;1 has been shown to prevent shoot Na^＋ overaccumulation under salinity stress. Here, we analyzed a broad range of metabolites and elements in shoots and roots of different AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains before and after salinity stress, revealing a reciprocal relationship of metabolite differences between an AtHKT1;1 knockout line （hktl;1） and the AtHKT1;1 overex- pressing lines （E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 and J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1）. Although levels of root sugars were increased after salt stress in both AtHKTI,1 overexpressing lines, E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher accumulation of the osmopro-tectants trehalose, gentiobiose, and melibiose, whereas J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher levels of sucrose and raffinose, compared with their parental lines, respectively. In contrast, the knockout line hktl,1 showed strong increases in the levels of the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle intermediates in the shoots after salt treatment. This coincided with a significant depletion of sugars, suggesting that there is an increased rate of carbon influx into the TCA cycle at a constant rate of C-efflux from the cycle, which might be needed to support plant survival during salt stress. Using correlation analysis, we identified associations between the Na^＋ content and several sugars, suggesting that regulation of sugar metabolism is important in plant responses to salinity stress.

关键词： abiotic stress salinity salt tolerance HKT sodium transporter, metabolomics enhancer trap system.

Inactivation of Mitochondrial Complex Ⅰ Induces the Expression of a Twin Cysteine Protein that Targets and Affects Cytosolic, Chloroplastidic and Mitochondrial Function

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Molecular plant 2016年第5期9卷 696-710页

作者： Yan Wang Wenhui Lyu Oliver Berkowitz Jordan D. Radomiljac Simon R. Law Monika W. Murcha Chris Carrie Pedro F. Teixeira Beata Kmiec Owen Duncan Olivier Van Aken Reena Narsai Elzbieta Glaser Shaobai Huang Ute Roessner A. Harvey Millar James Whelan Department of Animal Plant and Soil Science Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology School of Life Science La Trobe University Bundoora VIC 3086 Australia Ume(a)plant Science centre(UPSC) Faculty of Science and Technology Ume(a)University Ume(a) Sweden australian research council centre of excellence in plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia Department of Biology I Botany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Groβhaderner Strasse 2-4 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Stockholm University Atrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences 10691 Stockholm Sweden School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia

At12Cys-1 （At5g64400） and At12Cys-2 （At5g09570） are two closely related isogenes that encode small, twin cysteine proteins, typically located in mitochondria. At12Cys-2 transcript is induced in a variety of mutants with disrupted mitochondrial proteins, but an increase in At12Cys protein is only detected in mutants with reduced mitochondrial complex I abundance. Induction of At12Cys protein in mutants that lack mitochondrial complex I is accompanied by At12Cys protein located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the cytosoh Biochemical analyses revealed that even single gene deletions, i.e., At12cys-1 orAtl2cys-2, have an effect on mitochondrial and chloroplast functions. However, only double mutants, i.e., At12cys-1：At12cys.2, affect the abundance of protein and mRNA transcripts encoding translation elongation factors as well as rRNA abundance. Blue native PAGE showed that At12Cys co-migrated with mitochondrial supercomplex I ＋ lU. Likewise, deletion of both At12cys-1 and At12cys-2 genes, but not single gene deletions, results in enhanced tolerance to drought and light stress and increased anti-oxidant capacity. The induction and multiple localization of At12Cys upon a reduction in complex I abundance provides a mechanism to specifically signal mitochondrial dysfunction to the cytosol and then beyond to other organelles in the cell.

关键词： mitochondria complex I retrograde signaling chloroplast cytosol

Mechanisms of Organelle Inheritance in Dividing plant cells

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1208-1218页

作者： Michael B Sheahan Ray J Rose David W McCurdy School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume ResearchSchool of Environmental and Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia

Organelles form essential compartments of all eukaryotic cells. Mechanisms that ensure the unbiased inheritance of organelles during cell division are therefore necessary to maintain the viability of future cell generations. Although inheritance of organelles represents a fundamental component of the cell cycle, surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms that facilitate unbiased organelle inheritance. Evidence from a select number of studies, however, indicates that ordered organelle inheritance strategies exist in dividing cells of higher plants. The basic requirement for unbiased organelle inheritance is the duplication of organelle volume and distribution of the resulting organelle populations in a manner that facilitates unbiased partitioning of the organelle population to each daughter cell. Often, partitioning strategies are specific to the organelle, being influenced by the functional requirements of the organelle and whether the cells are mitotically active or re-entering into the cell cycle. Organelle partitioning mechanisms frequently depend on interactions with either the actin or microtubule cytoskeleton. In this focused review, we attempt to summarize key findings regarding organelle partitioning strategies in dividing cells of higher plants. We particularly concentrate on the role of the cytoskeleton in mediating unbiased organelle partitioning.

关键词： Actin cytoskeleton cell division green fluorescent protein-fimbrin ABD2 organelle partitioning protoplast

KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis by directly activating IRX9 expression in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2018年第6期60卷 514-528页

作者： Jun-Bo He Xian-Hai Zhao Ping-Zhou Du Wei Zeng Cherie T.Beahan Yu-qi Wang Hui-Ling Li Antony Bacic Ai-Min Wu State Key Laboratory for Conservation and utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and utilization of Forest plant Germplasm College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China College of Life Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China ARC centre of excellence in plant cell walls School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkville VIC 3010Australia Boyce Thompson Institute for plant research IthacaNY 14853USA Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China

Xylan is the major plant hemicellulosic poly- saccharide in the secondary cell wall. The transcription factor KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 （KNAT7） regulates secondary cell wall biosynthesis, but its exact role in regulating xylan biosynthesis remains unclear. Using transactivation analyses, we demonstrate that KNAT7 activates the promoters of the xylan biosynthetic genes, IRREGULAR XYLEM 9 （IRX9）, IRX10, IRREGULAR XYLEM 14-LIKE （IRX14L）, and FRAGILE FIBER 8 （FRAS）. The knat7 T-DNA insertion mutants have thinner vessel element walls and xylary fibers, and thicker interfascicular fiber walls in inflorescence stems, relative to wild-type （WT）. KNAT7 over- expression plants exhibited opposite effects. Glycosyl linkage and sugar composition analyses revealed lower xylan levels in knat7 inflorescence stems, relative to WT; a finding supported by labeling of inflorescence walls with xylan-specific antibodies. The knat7 loss-of-function mutants had lower transcript levels of the xylan biosynthetic genes IRX9, IRX10, and FRAS, whereas KNAT7 overexpression plants had higher mRNA levels for IRX9, IRX10, IRX14L, and FRA8. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that KNAT7 binds to the IRX9 promoter. These results support the hypothesis that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis.

关键词： Vincent Bulone AlbaNova University centre Sweden

Drought Responses of Leaf Tissues from Wheat Cultivars of Differing Drought Tolerance at the Metabolite Level

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Molecular plant 2012年第2期5卷 418-429页

作者： Jairus B. Bowne Tim A. Erwin Juan Juttner Thorsten Schnurbusch Peter Langridge Antony Bacic Ute Roessner australian centre for plant Functional Genomics School of Botany The University of Melbourne 3010 Victoria Australia australian centre for plant Functional Genomics University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond 5064 SA Australia Metabolomics Australia Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute 30 Flemington Rd The University of Melbourne 3010 Victoria Australia ARC centre for excellence for plant cell walls School of Botany The University of Melbourne 3010 Victoria Australia Metabolomics Australia School of Botany The University of Melbourne 3010 Victoria Australia

Drought has serious effects on the physiology of cereal crops. At the cellular and specifically the metabolite level, many individual compounds are increased to provide osmoprotective functions, prevent the dissociation of enzymes, and to decrease the number of reactive oxygen species present in the cell. We have used a targeted GC-MS approach to identify compounds that differ in three different cultivars of bread wheat characterized by different levels of tolerance to drought under drought stress （Kukri, intolerant; Excalibur and RAC875, tolerant）. Levels of amino acids, most notably proline, tryptophan, and the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine were increased under drought stress in all cultivars. In the two tolerant cultivars, a small decrease in a large number of organic acids was also evident. Excalibur, a cultivar genotypically related to Kukri, showed a pattern of response that was more similar to Kukri under well-watered conditions. Under drought stress, Excalibur and RAC875 had a similar response; however, Excalibur did not have the same magnitude of response as RAC875. Here, the results are discussed in the context of previous work in physiological and proteomic analyses of these cultivars under drought stress.

关键词： abiotic/environmental stress metabolomics drought wheat.

The cellulose Synthases Are Cargo of the TPLATE Adaptor Complex

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Molecular plant 2018年第2期11卷 346-349页

作者： Clara Sanchez-Rodriguez Yanyun Shi Christopher Kesten Dongmei Zhang Gloria Sancho-Andres Alexander Ivakov Edwin R. Lampugnani Kamil Sklodowski Masaru Fujimoto Akihiko Nakano Antony Bacic Ian S. Wallace Takashi Ueda Daniel Van Damme Yihua Zhou Staffan Persson Max-Planck-lnstitute for Molecular plant Physiology Am Muehlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Biology ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich Switzerland State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Biosciences University of Melbourne Parkvine 3010 VIC Australia ARC centre of excellence for Translational Photosynthesis Research School of Biology Australian National University GPO Box 475 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Live cell Super-resolution Imaging research Team RIKEN Center for Advances Photonics Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan ARC centre of excellence in plant cell walls School of Biosciences University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 VIC Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA Division of cellular Dynamics National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan Department of plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University 9052 Gent Belgium Center for plant Systems Biology VIB Technologiepark 927 9052 Gent Belgium present address: Laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

Dear Editor Clathrin-mediated endocytosis （CME） is an evolutionary conserved mechanism by which plasma membrane （PM）-based cargo proteins are recognized by adaptor protein complexes and internalized. Apart from the canonical adaptor complex, AP-2, plant cells rely on the TPLATE complex （TPC） to execute CME （Gadeyne et al., 2014）. FT160100218, DP110100410）, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan （24114003, 15H04382, and 17K19412）, the European research council （ERC grant 682436）, the IRRTF-RNC （no. 501892） and a USA National Science Foundation CAREER Award.

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Mechanistic action of gibberellins in legume nodulation

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2014年第10期56卷 971-978页

作者： Satomi Hayashi Peter M.Gresshoff Brett J.Ferguson centre for Integrative Legume research The University of Queensland

Legume plants are capable of entering into a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia *** results in the formation of novel organs on their roots,called nodules,in which the bacteria capture atmospheric nitrogen and provide it as ammonium to the host *** molecular and physiological changes are involved in the formation and establishment of such *** phytohormones are known to play key roles in this ***（gibberellic acids;GAs）,a class of phytohormones known to be involved in a wide range of biological processes（i.e.,cell elongation,germination）are reported to be involved in the formation and maturation of legume nodules,highlighted by recent transcriptional analyses of early soybean symbiotic ***,we summarize what is currently known about GAs in legume nodulation and propose a model of GA action during nodule *** from a wide range of studies,including GA application,mutant phenotyping,and gene expression studies,indicate that GAs are required at different stages,with an optimum,tightly regulated level being key to achieve successful *** acids appear to be required at two distinct stages of nodulation：（i）early stages of rhizobia infection and nodule primordium establishment;and（ii）later stages of nodule maturation.

关键词： Gibberellic acid legume nodulation phytohormone plant development rhizobia symbiosis