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CRYPTOFAUNAL COMMUNITIES OF CORAL REEFS

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1986年第4期5卷 603-613页

作者： PAT HUTCHINGS The australian museum Sydney

INTRODUCTION Cryptofaunal communities consist of the animals and plants living within dead *** a very large part of a coral reef is composed of dead coral,the biomasses of crypto-faunal communities on a reef must be *** as many of the cryptofaunal animalsreproduce at regular intervals,rates of turnover of the community are also high and thusare major contributors to the productivity of coral ***(1973)collected a 4.7

关键词： CRYPTOFAUNAL COMMUNITIES OF CORAL REEFS

Hybridisation on coral reefs and the conservation of evolutionary novelty

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 132-145页

作者： Zoe T. RICHARDS Jean-Paul A. HOBBS Department of Aquatic Zoology Western Australian Museum Welshpool WA 6015 Australia Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Bentley WA 6845 Australia

Hybridisation was traditionally considered rare on coral reefs. However, a rapid increase in hybrid studies over the last 20 years has revealed that hybridisation on coral reefs is common and widespread. In this review, we summarise the growing body of evidence arising from studies on stony corals and reef fishes to verify the occurrence of hybridisatiori, and we examine the influence hybridisation has had on the enormous level of biodiversity present on coral reefs. We discuss the challenges of dis- tinguishing hybridisation from alternative hypotheses （e.g. incomplete lineage sorting）. This review also explores the evolutio- nary consequences of hybridisation, which range from increasing genetic diversity and the production of novel lineages that may outperform the parent species, to reverse speciation and extinction by genetic swamping. Instances of hybridisation can be natural or occur as a result of human impacts （e.g. habitat degradation） and distinguishing between these two very different causal me- chanisms is important for management. Currently, the legislative status of hybrids is unclear and hybrids are rarely protected in conservation programs. Failing to adequately manage hybridisation and hybrid lineages may lead to potential losses of evolutio- nary novelty, declines in phylogenetic diversity or species extinctions. To conserve existing coral reef biodiversity, and the processes that generate biodiversity, conservation policies must be re-defined and instances of hybridisation must be assessed and managed on a case-by-case basis [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 132 145, 2015].

关键词： Coral Reefs Stony Corals Reef Fish Hybridisation Evolutionary Novelty Extinction

On the Yangtzeconus Priscus-Archaeospira Ornata Assemblage(Mollusca) of the Earliest Cambrian of China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第4期88卷 1262-1287页

作者： YU Wen Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Western Australian MuseumLocked Bag 49Welshpool DC.Western Australia 6986Australia

Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospira ornata, an important earliest Cambrian benthonic Assemblage of the Yangtze micromolluscan fauna, occurs mainly in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun and Dahai Members of the Yuhucun Formation in E Yunnan, the Tianzhushan Member （=Huangshandong Member） of the Dengying Formation in W Hubei and the Maidiping Member of the Hungchunping Formation in C Sichuan, China. About 90% of the genera of this Assemblage are unknown from the Nemakit-Daldynian and Tommotian molluscan Assemblages of the Siberian Platform, Russia. About 90% of the Siberian molluscan genera do not occur in the Zhongyicun and Dahai Members in the Meishucun section and in the corresponding beds of the Yangtze Platform, because the Tommotian molluscan Assemblage is characterizedly abundant archaeocyathids. It is clearly indicated that the Yangtze and Siberian molluscan Assemblages represent different bio- and lithofacies and ages. The age of the pre-trilobitic Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospira ornata Assemblage is older than that of the Nemakit-Daldynian and Tommotian molluscan Assemblages and referable to the Earliest Cambrian. Two new genera Mcnamaraconus and Zhangwentangoconus are herein proposed.

关键词： Yangtze Platform Yangtze micromolluscan fauna Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospiraornata Assemblage correlation earliest Cambrian China

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater):Geographic variation,taxonomy,a"new"population,and an enduring mystery in migration

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 467-477页

作者： Leo Joseph Julian Teh Paul Sweet Phil Gregory australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO National Research Collections AustraliaCanberra2601Australia American museum of Natural History New YorkUSA Sicklebill Safaris TopazQueensland4885Australia

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater)inhabits low-mid elevation forests across New Guinea and far northeastern *** its four recognized subspecies,*** is migratory,breeding in tropical north-eastern Australia from approximately November–*** non-breeding range of ***,apart from some individuals overwintering in Australia,has been unknown for>100 *** from 194 New Guinean and australian specimens and a literature review have not solved this mystery;the narrow latitudinal range of the intratropical migration may inhibit use of GPS loggers in resolving the migration *** work in central and western parts of southern New Guinea is *** data,however,revealed an essentially overlooked population in north-western New Guinea east of the Bird's Head Peninsula phenotypically indistinguishable from nominate *** of that *** genomic analysis of the complex will be largely done from toepad skin because frozen tissue samples for DNA analysis exist only of four individuals of what we suggest should be elevated to species rank as *** discuss how genomic analysis might distinguish among alternative taxonomic hypotheses of one,two or three *** suggest English names for what we consider to be three diagnosable taxa worth recognizing at species rank in this group:Arfak Monarch corresponding to ***(Bird's Head Peninsula and the“new”population of north-western New Guinea);Pearly Monarch for ***(Australia and still unknown non-breeding range),and Masked Monarch for ***(including kunupi,elsewhere in New Guinea).

关键词： Australia Migration monarch flycatcher Monarcha frater New Guinea Taxonomy

Laetmonice iocasica ***.,a new polychaete species(Annelida:Aphroditidae)from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific,with remarks on *** Grube,1877

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1805-1816页

作者： Xuwen WU Pat HUTCHINGS Anna MURRAY Kuidong XU Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China australian museum Australian Museum Research InstituteSydney NSW 2000Australia Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversityNorth Ryde 2109Australia University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Laetmonice Kinberg,1856 is a remarkable genus characterized by having harpoon notochaetae in the polychaete family *** describe a new species of Laetmonice,Laetmonice iocasica ***.,found from seamounts on the Caroline Ridge in the tropical Western *** new species is readily distinguished from congeners,particularly those distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean by possessing45 segments with 18 pairs of elytra,and the tuberculated harpoon notochaetae in the elytrigerous segments,which are replaced by tuberculated notochaetae without recurved fangs on segments 4 and *** iocasica *** closely related to *** Grube,1877,but differs in both morphology and the genetic distance of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI)*** producta Grube,1877 contained five varieties reported in various marine areas,which have been raised to species ***,the records of *** from the Sagami B ay and Suruga B ay in Japan and in the south-eastern Australia remain obscure and probably represent a different *** data indicate that ***,which was originally described from Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Ocean and later commonly found on the Antarctic shelf,is probably distributed only at high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.

关键词： Polychaeta taxonomy biodiversity deep-sea

Do human activities influence survival and orientation abilities of larval fishes in the ocean?

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第1期10卷 65-82页

作者： Ulrike E.SIEBECK Jack O’CONNOR Christoph BRAUN Jeffrey M.LEIS School of Biomedical Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Ichthyology The Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia Department of Environmental Studies University of Technology SydneyUltimoAustralia Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia

The larval stages of most marine fishes spend days to weeks in the pelagic environment,where they must find food and avoid predators in order to *** fish only spend part of their life history in the pelagic environment before returning to their adult habitat,for example,a coral *** sensory systems of larval fish develop rapidly during the first few days of their lives,and here we concentrate on the various sensory cues the fish have available to them for survival in the pelagic *** focus on the larvae of reef fishes because most is known about *** also review the major threats caused by human activities that have been identified to have worldwide impact and evaluate how these threats may impact larval-fish survival and orientation *** human activities negatively affect larval-fish sensory systems or the cues the fish need to ***,this could lead to decreased numbers of larvae surviving to settlement,and,therefore,to decreased abundance of adult *** we focus on species wherein the larvae and adults occupy different habitats(pelagic and demersal,respectively),it is important to acknowledge that the potential anthropogenic effects we identify may also apply to larvae of species like tuna and herring,where both larvae and adults are pelagic.

关键词： climate change larval fish pollution sensory systems teleost fish

Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(Marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： Melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny J.TRAVOUILLON Margaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEMING Natalie M.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among *** hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation *** measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic *** contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these *** with temperature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

The Bivalve Yangtzedonta is not the Brachiopod Xianfengella

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第6期79卷 770-776页

作者： YU Wen Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences NanjingJiangsu 210008 China （Present address： Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Western Australian Museum Francis Street Perth Western Australia 6000 Australia）

Abstract The alleged ＂holotype＂of the bivalve Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu.1985 figured by Qian （2001） is a broken and distorted specimen of the brachiopod Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 and not the holotype of Y. primitiva. Qian contends that the oldest recognized monoplacophoran, Maikhanella pristinis （Jiang, 1980）, is neither a monoplacophoran nor the oldest molluscan fossil in the Meishucunian Stage of China. Furthermore, he considers that the oldest bivalve Xianfengoconcha eUiptica Zhang, 1980 is an inarticulate brachiopod, not a mollusc. WatsoneUa yunnanensis （He and Yang, 1982）, is associated with Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu but indicates no evolutionary relationship between the Classes Rostroconchia and Bivalvia in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun Member of the Yuhucun Formation. Qian＇s confusion in using non-molluscan fossils to discuss the early evolution of shelled molluscs also confuses the basic concepts of the respective groups.

关键词： Yangtzedonta Bivalvia Xianfengella Xianfengoconcha inarticulate brachiopods Yangtze micromolluscan fauna

Asia–Gondwana connections indicated by Devonian fishes from Australia:palaeogeographic considerations

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第2期9卷 128-149页

作者： Gavin Charles Young Jing Lu Department of Applied Mathematics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia australian museum Research Institute SydneyAustralia Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology&PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10004China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 10004China.

Middle Palaeozoic vertebrate fossil occurrences are summarised for Australia, with reference to faunal connections between Asia and East Gondwana, as first indicated by fish distributions of Lower Devonian fossil sites. Major endemic groups discussed are pituriaspid(australian) and galeaspid(Asian) agnathans, wuttagoonaspids(australian)and antarctaspid(Antarctic, australian, Asian) arthrodires, yunnanolepid and sinolepid antiarchs(South China,Indochina terrane, Australia), and early tetrapodomorphs(South China, Australia). More widespread groups that lived in shallow marine environments(lungfishes, buchanosteid arthrodires, antiarch Bothriolepis) also show species groups shared between South China and East Gondwana. Exchange of continental facies fishes(e.g. tristichopterid tetrapodomorphs) may have been interrupted by marine transgression in the Frasnian, but were restored in the late Famennian with the appearance of Grenfellaspis in eastern Australia, the only sinolepid antiarch known from outside Asia. The hypothesis of Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, to explain the collage of geological terranes forming modern east and southeast Asia, implies increasing dissimilarity with increasing age, but the SiluroDevonian early vertebrate evidence is inconsistent with this. Previous cladistic analysis of Asian terranes predicted galeaspid agnathans on the Indochina terrane, and their subsequent discovery at Ly Hoa, Vietnam, confirms that Indochina and South China had come together across the Song Ma suture by Middle Devonian time.

关键词： Devonian Palaeogeography Biogeography Vertebrates East Gondwana South China Indochina terrane