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A three-dimensional feature extraction-based method for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang Matthew Tsang Mark Knackstedt Michael Turner Shane Latham Euan Macaulay Rhys Pitchers ARC Training centre for M3D Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of Materials Physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations Pty Ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the dominant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of coal.Improved understanding of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining industry.Discrete fracture networks(DFNs)are increasingly used in engineering analyses to spatially model fractures at various scales.The reliability of coal DFNs largely depends on the confidence in the input cleat statistics.Estimates of these parameters can be made from image-based three-dimensional(3D)characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of individual cleats,without which the cleats are a connected network and statistics for different cleat sets cannot be measured.In this paper,a feature extraction-based image processing method is introduced to identify and separate distinct cleat groups from 3D X-ray m CT images.Kernels(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and cleat separation is successfully achieved by convolutional operations on 3D coal images.The new method is applied to a coal specimen with 80 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length acquired from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland,Australia.It is demonstrated that the new method produces reliable cleat separation capable of defining individual cleats and preserving 3D topology after separation.Bedding-parallel fractures are also identified and separated,which has his-torically been challenging to delineate and rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used for DFN modeling.Finally,variability and heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are investigated.Significant heterogeneity is observed and suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requiring careful consideration.

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

Quantum state tomography from observable time traces in closed quantum systems

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 222-234页

作者： Shuixin Xiao Yuanlong Wang Qi Yu Jun Zhang Daoyi Dong Ian R.Petersen University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Engineering The Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology(australian research Council) Centre for Quantum DynamicsGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111Australia School of Engineering and Technology University of New South WalesCanberraACT2600Australia

The task to estimate all the parameters of an unknown quantum state, also called quantum state tomography, is essential for characterizing and controlling quantum systems. In this paper, we utilize observable time traces to identify the initial quantum state of a closed quantum system, based on the state space approach in the control theory. In the informationally complete scenario, we show that with a linear regression estimation (LRE), the mean squared error (MSE) scales as , where N is the resource number. In the informationally incomplete scenario, we introduce regularization LRE to perform the state tomography task. We employ PBH test to demonstrate that closed quantum systems with only one observable are informationally incomplete and propose using observables, where d is the dimension of the quantum state, for informational completeness. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： Quantum state tomography Time trace Quantum system identification

Identifying behavioral determinants and stage of readiness for performing knee massage among individuals with knee osteoarthritis:An observational study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 54-63页

作者： Donya Nemati Niki Munk Navin Kaushal College of Nursing the Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Health Sciences School of Health&Human SciencesIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA National centre for Naturopathic Medicine Southern Cross UniversityLismoreNew South Wales 2480Australia australian research centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine(ARCCIM) Massage&Myotherapy Australia Fellow and Visiting Faculty of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyNew South Wales 2007Australia

Objective Patients who experience knee osteoarthritis or chronic knee pain can alleviate their symptoms by performing self-knee massage.Understanding the readiness and types of determinants needed to facilitate self-knee massage is needed to design effective,theory-informed interventions.The primary objective of this study was to apply the transtheoretical model of behavior change to identify how factors,which include the type of knee condition and pain level,predict an individual’s readiness to adopt self-knee massage.The secondary objective employed the capability,opportunity and motivation-behavior(COM-B)model to identify relevant determinants that are predictive of an individual’s readiness to undertake self-knee massage.Methods An observational study design was used to recruit individuals with knee osteoarthritis(n=270)and chronic knee pain(n=130).Participants completed an online survey that assessed the transtheoretical model of behavior change stages,COM-B determinants(capability,opportunity and motivation),along with self-administered massage behavior.Multivariate analysis of covariance and structural equation modeling were used to test the primary and secondary objective,respectively.Results Participants who had knee osteoarthritis scored higher on the action stage compared to those with chronic pain(P=0.003),and those who experienced greater level of pain scored higher in the contemplation(Presearchers can expect that patient

关键词： Osteoarthritis Massage Self-management Transtheoretical model of behavior change Behavioral model

Feeding prehistoric coastal community:A study of marine faunal remains at the Jingtoushan site

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1574-1590页

作者： Endong WU Guoping SUN Ying ZHANG School of Culture History and LanguageAustralian National UniversityCanberra 2600Australia Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hangzhou 310012China National centre for Archaeology Beijing 100013China

This article examines the abundant marine mollusc,and fish remains at the Jingtoushan shell midden(8,300 to7,800 cal a BP)in Zhejiang Province,China,to investigate the fishing economy,community development,the palaeoenvironment,and their interactions among the prehistoric populations in the lower Yangtze River Basin and southeastern coastal China.It also attempts to explore the prosperity and decline of coastal settlements in China during the Neolithic Age and the potential reasons for their rise and fall,respectively.Based on the ecological and biological principles of marine animals,standard zooarchaeological methods and radiocarbon dating analysis are used for sampling,identification,measurement,and quantification.Results show that at least 11 mollusc taxa and 14 fish taxa can be identified from the Jingtoushan faunal assemblage.The ancient Jingtoushan residents possibly lived in a settlement close to the coast and engaged in inshore and offshore fishing,hunting,and gathering as their primary subsistence strategies,with low-level rice cultivation as a supplementary means of sustenance.Eventually,the changes in the coastal environment could be one of the reasons why the Jingtoushan residents abandoned their settlement.The research contributes to Chinese Neolithic archaeology with new evidence of the exploitation of marine resources around 8000 a BP in the eastern coastal areas and the relationship between Neolithic community development and environmental changes.

关键词： Neolithic Age Marine faunal remains Fishing economy Palaeoenvironment Community development

Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation applications.In this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in Si.The high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation detection.With this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μs.Our results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and relaxation.This approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

A randomized controlled trial of Promoting Physical Activity in Regional and Remote Cancer Survivors(PPARCS)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 81-89页

作者： Sarah J.Hardcastle Chloe Maxwell-Smith Vinicius Cavalheri Terry Boyle Marta Leyton Román Cameron Platell Michael Levitt Christobel Saunders Frank Sardelic Sophie Nightingale Jacob McCormick Craig Lynch Paul A.Cohen Max Bulsara Dana Hince Sport and Physical Activity research centre Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS102BPUK Institute for Health research The University of Notre DameFremantleWA 6959Australia Curtin School of Population Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Allied Health South Metropolitan Health ServiceMurdochWA 6150Australia australian centre for Precision Health University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia Department of Didactics of Musical Plastic and Body ExpressionUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceres 10071Spain St.John of God Subiaco Hospital PerthWA 6008Australia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Tamara Private Hospital TamworthNSW 2340Australia Peter MacCallum Cancer centre MelbourneVIC 3000Australia College of Health and Medicine Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer survivors.Trials of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in Australia.Methods:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control arms.Intervention participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching sessions.Control participants received PA print materials.Accelerometer assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary behavior.Results:Eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention group.Both groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group differences.Conclusion:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

关键词： Behavior change Exercise Health disparities Oncology Wearable technology

New perspectives in free nitrous acid (FNA) uses for sustainable wastewater management

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 161-168页

作者： Zhiqiang Zuo Min Zheng Tao Liu Yongzhen Peng Zhiguo Yuan National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology Engineering Research Center of BeijingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China australian centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Water research centre School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The biocidal effects of free nitrous acid (FNA) have found applications in multiple units in an urban wastewater system, including sewer networks, wastewater treatment processes, and sludge treatment processes. However, these applications are associated with chemical costs as both nitrite and acid are needed to produce FNA at the required levels. The recent discovery of novel acid-tolerant ammonia oxidizers offers the possibility to produce FNA from domestic wastewater, enabling the development of next-generation FNA-based technologies capable of achieving self-sustaining FNA production. In this study, we focus on the concept of in situ FNA generation facilitated by acid-tolerant ammonia oxidizers and highlight the multiple benefits it creates, after a brief review of the historical development of FNA-based technologies. We will discuss how wastewater systems can be made more energy-efficient and sustainable by leveraging the potential of acid-tolerant ammonia oxidizers.

关键词： Free nitrous acid Acid-toler antammonia oxidizer In situ generationl Wastewater management

Chrononutrition in traditional European medicine-Ideal meal timing for cardiometabolic health promotion

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期22卷 115-125页

作者： Nora Selena Eberli Ludivine Colas Anne Gimalac Department of Traditional European Medicine Navi Institute of Research in Integrative HealthEcole Professionnelle Superieure de NaturopathieCentre Andre Henzelin1066 EpalingesSwitzerland

Meal timing plays a crucial role for cardiometabolic health,given the circadian regulation of cardiometabolic function.However,to the best of our knowledge,no concept of meal timing exists in traditional European medicine(TEM).Therefore,in this narrative review,we aim to define the optimal time slot for energy intake and optimal energy distribution throughout the day in a context of TEM and explore further implications.By reviewing literature published between 2002 and 2022,we found that optimal timing for energy intake may be between 06:00 and 09:00,12:00 and 14:00,and between 15:00 and18:00,with high energy breakfast,medium energy lunch and low energy dinner and possibly further adjustments according to one’s chronotype and genetics.Also,timing and distribution of energy intake may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to optimize coction,a concept describing digestion and metabolism in TEM.

关键词： Circadian rhythm Chrononutrition Naturopathy Traditional European medicine Metabolic syndrome Meal timing

Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.SMITH LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WARREN-SMITH Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia australian research Council centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental effects.These properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the fiber.However,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far unclear.In this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved measurements.We leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved