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The pivotal role of microglia in injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1829-1848页

作者： Wenjing Ning Shi Lv Qian Wang Yuzhen Xu Department of Rehabilitation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina Department of Central Laboratory The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina

Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter ***,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective *** evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid ***,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid *** approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage *** provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid ***,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still *** review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter *** also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid ***,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese ***,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory *** clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemor

关键词： apoptosis blood–brain barrier brain edema microglia neuroinflammation neuron neuroprotection subarachnoid hemorrhage vasoconstriction white matter injury

Spinal intradural electrodes: opportunities, challenges and translation to the clinic

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 503-504页

作者： Bruce Harland Chien Yew Kow Darren Svirskis School of Pharmacy University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Department of Neurosurgery Auckland City HospitalAucklandNew Zealand

Damage to the spinal cord disrupts the electrically active nerve cells which normally transmit afferent and efferent signals,resulting in loss of motor,sensory,and autonomic *** treatments for spinal cord injury utilizing implanted spinal electrodes can be broadly classified into three different *** first of these approaches is“spinal stimulation”where electrodes,usually positioned above the level of injury,provide electrical stimulation to target and disrupt pain signals before they reach the *** second approach uses“activity-dependent neuro-technologies”,in which electrodes positioned below the level of injury initiate a complex spatiotemporal pattern of stimulation at the lumbar spinal cord to generate a walking gait in the limbs(Minev et al.,2015;Wagner et al.,2018).

关键词： stimulation electrodes utilizing

Stage IV malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma palliatively treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 56-61页

作者： Saori Kondo Takashi Suzuki Kanato Yoshiike Sakura Yamanaka Kenta Sonehara Hiroshi Nabeshima Osamu Oguchi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care CenterSaku City 385-0051NaganoJapan

BACKGROUND Malignant transformation(MT)of mature cystic teratoma(MCT)has a poor prognosis,especially in advanced *** chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)has an inhibitory effect on *** SUMMARY Herein,we present a case in which CCRT had a reduction effect preoperatively.A 73-year-old woman with pyelonephritis was referred to our *** tomography revealed right hydronephrosis and a 6-cm pelvic *** ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB)revealed squamous cell *** patient was diagnosed with MT of *** to her poor general con-dition and renal malfunction,we selected CCRT,expecting fewer adverse *** CCRT,her performance status improved,and the tumor size was reduced;surgery was *** months postoperatively,the patient developed dis-semination and lymph node *** chemotherapy was *** died 18 months after treatment *** EUS-FNB was useful in the diagnosis of MT of MCT;CCRT suppressed the disea-se and improved quality of life.

关键词： Mature cystic teratoma Malignant transformation Squamous cell carcinoma Concurrent chemoradiotherapy Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy Case report

Incorporating red blanket protocol within code crimson:Streamlining definitive trauma care amid the chaos

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 14-19页

作者： Sohil Pothiawala Savitha Bhagvan Andrew MacCormick Emergency Medicine Woodlands HealthSingapore 737628Singapore Trauma and Emergency Services Auckland City HospitalAuckland 1023New Zealand Department of General Surgery Middlemore HospitalAuckland 2025New Zealand

The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary *** initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)*** this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/*** Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the *** two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each *** would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate *** these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.

关键词： Red blanket protocol Code crimson Haemorrhage Trauma

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia:a rare and often missed diagnosis in blunt trauma

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 492-494页

作者： Sohil Pothiawala Sunder Balasubramaniam Mujeeb Taib Savitha Bhagvan Trauma Service Auckland City HospitalAuckland 1023New Zealand

Dear editor,Traumatic abdominal wall hernia(TAWH)is defined as disruption of the abdominal wall musculature and fascia with herniation of intra-abdominal contents,in the absence of surgery to that area of the abdominal wall.[1]It is rare,with an incidence of 0.17%-0.90%in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.[2,3]Deceleration forces caused by falls from height or seat belt injuries are the most common causes of TAWH.[4]Low-energy blunt injuries from bicycle or motorcycles handlebars or charging animals are less frequent *** to the rare incidence and complex presentation of this condition with other distracting injuries,this diagnosis is often not considered,resulting in missed or delayed *** present a case of a 46-year-old male who suffered major abdominal trauma,and was found to have TAWH as well as intra-abdominal organ injury.

关键词： injuries abdominal diagnosis

Integration of perioperative features and intragraft TCF7L2 expression to predict lipid metabolic disorder in liver transplant recipients

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 297-299页

作者： Junbin Zhou Rongli Wei Guanghan Fan Zhengxing Lian Xuanyu Zhang Linsong Tang Zhetuo Qi Haiyang Xie Shusen Zheng Qiang Wei Xiao Xu Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery People's Hospital of LishuiAffiliated Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryHangzhou First People's Hospital Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Urology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of Liver TransplantationShulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Hangzhou Medical College Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Dear Editor, Liver transplantation(LT) is the only curative therapy for patients with endstage liver disease(He et al., 2023; Ling et al., 2022). Post-transplant hypertriglyceridemia(PTHT), which has an incidence of up to 32.8% in 6 months after LT, is one of the major post-transplant complications(Toshima et al., 2020).

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Ketogenic diet and cancer:multidimensional exploration and research

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Shiyun Wan Xiaoxue Zhou Feng Xie Fangfang Zhou Long Zhang The First Affiliated hospital the Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences Suzhou Medical College Soochow University School of Medicine Hangzhou City University Life Sciences Institute and State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices of the Second Affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Zhejiang University The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors The First Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University Cancer Center Zhejiang University

The ketogenic diet(KD) has attracted attention in recent years for its potential anticancer effects. KD is a dietary structure of high fat,moderate protein, and extremely low carbohydrate content. Originally introduced as a treatment for epilepsy, KD has been widely applied in weight loss programs and the management of metabolic diseases. Previous studies have shown that KD can potentially inhibit the growth and spread of cancer by limiting energy supply to tumor cells, thereby inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, reducing oxidative stress in normal cells, and affecting cancer cell signaling and other processes. Moreover, KD has been shown to influence T-cell-mediated immune responses and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota, enhance the efficacy of standard cancer treatments, and mitigate the complications of chemotherapy. However, controversies and uncertainties remain regarding the specific mechanisms and clinical effects of KD as an adjunctive therapy for cancer. Therefore, this review summarizes the existing research and explores the intricate relationships between KD and cancer treatment.

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Spatial transcriptomics combined with single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell heterogeneity in the human spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3302-3316页

作者： Yali Chen Yiyong Wei Jin Liu Tao Zhu Cheng Zhou Donghang Zhang Department of Anesthesiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Longgang District Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City(Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)ShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou ProvinceChina

Glial cells play crucial roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions,including sensation,the response to infection and acute injury,and chronic neurodegenerative *** cells include astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system,and satellite glial cells and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous *** the greater understanding of glial cell types and functional heterogeneity achieved through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing in animal models,few studies have investigated the transcriptomic profiles of glial cells in the human spinal ***,we used high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the human spinal *** explore the conservation and divergence across species,we compared these findings with those from *** the human spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were each divided into six distinct transcriptomic *** the mouse spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were divided into five,four,and five distinct transcriptomic subclusters,*** comparative results revealed substantial heterogeneity in all glial cell types between humans and ***,we detected sex differences in gene expression in human spinal cord glial ***,in all astrocyte subtypes,the levels of NEAT1 and CHI3L1 were higher in males than in females,whereas the levels of CST3 were lower in males than in *** all microglial subtypes,all differentially expressed genes were located on the sex *** addition to sex-specific gene differences,the levels of MT-ND4,MT2A,MT-ATP6,MT-CO3,MT-ND2,MT-ND3,and MT-CO_(2) in all spinal cord oligodendrocyte subtypes were higher in females than in ***,the present dataset extensively characterizes glial cell heterogeneity and offers a valuable resource for explo

关键词： astrocyte glial cell human microglia oligodendrocyte sex differentiation single-nucleus RNA sequencing spatial transcriptomics species variation spinal cord

Mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors - an evolving challenge in oncology

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 608-617页

作者： Angela Mweempwa Michelle K.Wilson Cancer and Blood Auckland City HospitalAuckland 1023New Zealand

Poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors(PARPi)lead to synthetic lethality when used in cancers harbouring a BRCA mutation or homologous recombination *** are now four PARPi approved by the Food and Drug Administration for therapeutic use is ovarian and breast *** addition to this,there is data supporting its use in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and prostate ***,development of resistance to PARPi limits the duration of *** mechanisms found to date include:(1)restoration of homologous recombination;(2)changes in PARP1;(3)suppression of non-homologous end joining;(4)replication fork protection;and(5)drug *** a better understanding of resistance mechanisms may guide combination therapies to overcome the resistance and improve the efficacy of *** purpose of this review is to describe the resistance mechanisms to PARPi and discuss their early detection.

关键词： Poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibition resistance mechanisms homologous recombination BRCA reversion ovarian cancer