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Summary of a Life in Observational Ultraviolet/Optical astronomy

Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 1-43页

作者： Donald G.York Department of astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago5801 South Ellis Ave.Chicago 60637ILUSA

I reminisce on my early life in Section 1;on my education in Sections 2 and 3;on the years at Princeton as a research astronomer in Section 4;on the years on the faculty at Chicago in Section 5;on research on Diffuse Interstellar Bands(DIBs) in Section 6;on construction of the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory(APO)in Section 7;on work on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) in Section 8;on work in public education in Chicago in Section 9;and on my travels in Section 10. My main science research is of an observational nature,concerning Galactic and intergalactic interstellar gas. Highlights for me included my work on the orbiting telescope Copernicus, including the discovery of interstellar deuterium;early observations of absorption associated with fivetimes ionized oxygen;and discoveries concerning the phases of gas in the local interstellar medium, based on previously unobservable interstellar UV spectral lines. With other instruments and collaborations, I extended interstellar UV studies to the intergalactic cool gas using quasi-stellar object QSO absorption lines redshifted to the optical part of the spectrum;provided a better definition of the emission and morphological character of the source of absorption lines in QSO spectra;and pursued the identification of the unidentified DIBs. For several of these topics, extensive collaborations with many scientists were essential over many years. The conclusions developed slowly, as I moved from being a graduate student at Chicago, to a research scientist position at Princeton and then to a faculty position at Chicago. At each stage of life, I was exposed to new technologies adaptable to my science and to subsequent projects. From high school days, I encountered several management opportunities which were formative. I have been extremely fortunate both in scientific mentors I had and in experimental opportunities I encountered.

关键词： Interstellar Medium(ISM) Nebulae (galaxies:)quasars:absorption lines ultraviolet:stars

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Long-term Integration Ability of the Submillimeter Wave astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line Receivers

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-Ru Wang Di Li Paul F.Goldsmith Jingwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai Rudolf Schieder Gary J.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute for Frontiers in astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the first space telescope capable of high spectral resolution observations of terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of its two receivers and spectrometer during five and a half years of on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected from the radiometer equation,without any sign of approaching a noise *** noise performance reflects the extremely stable performance of the passively cooled front end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lifetime.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands

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GW170817: The key to the door of multi-messenger astronomy including gravitational waves

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2018年第5期61卷 81-84页

作者： He Gao Department of astronomy Beijing Normal University

On September 14,2015,the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory（LIGO）team achieved the first-ever direct detection of a gravitational wave（GW）event from a binary black hole（BH）merger（GW150914）,indicating the opening of GW observational window[1].The success of LIGO is due to the tremendous developments in experimental technologies[2-6].As of October 2017,the LIGO（later joint by VIRGO）team had published 3 additional BHBH merger events（GW151226,GW170104,GW170814）and one double neutron star （NS） merger （GW170817） gravitational wave event [7-10]. Moreover, in the case of GW170817, many electromagnetic （EM） facilities detected its EM counterparts in multi-wavelengths [11]. This has opened up a new era of GW astronomy, whereby comprehen- sive analyses of multi-messenger signals will shed light on both GW and EM studies.

关键词：天文学波浪重力钥匙激光干涉仪多波长检测天文台二进制

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The promising dawn of multimessenger astronomy

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Science Bulletin 2018年第1期63卷 2-4页

作者： Mike Guidry Department of Physics and astronomy University of Tennessee

The observation of a gravitational wave(GW)emitted from the merger of binary black holes[1]won a well-deserved Nobel Prize this year for the leaders of the Laser Interferometry Gravitational-Wave Observatory(LIGO),and raised hopes that future gravitational wave detections involving matter and not just vacuum(black hole)solutions of the Einstein field equations might be made in coincidence with other electromagnetic or neutrino *** viewed as difficult and probably requiring substantial longer-term improvement of technology,such

关键词：天文学爱因斯坦波浪二进制天文台诺贝尔领导人中微子

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The Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope at the Shanghai astronomy Museum

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Astronomical Techniques and Instruments 2024年第3期1卷 171-178页

作者： Zhimao Du Qing Lin Xuejun Rao Yue Zhong Jiawen Yao Hua Bao Libo Zhong Yu Liang Hui Zhang Shanghai astronomy Museum Shanghai 201306China National Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chengdu 610209China The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China

The Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope(EAST)at the Shanghai astronomy Museum has been running routine astronomical observations since *** is a 65-cm-aperture Gregorian solar telescope for scientific education,outreach,and *** telescope system is designed in an“open”format so that the solar tower architecture can be integrated with it,and visitors can watch the observations live from inside the *** with adaptive optics,a high-resolution imaging system,and an integral field unit spectro-imaging system,this telescope can obtain high-resolution solar images in the TiO and Hαbands,and perform spectral image reconstruction using 400 optical fibers at selected *** can be used not only in public education and scientific outreach but also in solar physics research.

关键词： astronomy museum Sun observation Adaptive optics Integral field unit

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HF-VHF dual-channel multifunctional radio astronomy terminal system

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Astronomical Techniques and Instruments 2024年第2期1卷 140-149页

作者： Kaijing Liu Liang Dong Huanhuan Xie Baoxin Li Jingzhi Zhou School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Xi’an Research Institute of Navigation Technology Xi’an 710068China Yunnan Province China-Malaysia HF-VHF Advanced Radio astronomy Technology International Joint Laboratory Kunming 650216China

The high frequency-very high frequency(HF-VHF)frequency band is of significant importance in astronomical observations,with applications studying various phenomena such as space weather,solar radio emissions,planetary eruptions in the solar system,pulsars,transient sources,and reionization of the early *** article introduces the HF-VHF frequency band multifunctional radio astronomical terminal system based on a dual-channel high-speed acquisition board with a frequency observation range of 1-250 MHz and a sampling rate of 500 Msps(Mega samples per second).The maximum quantization bit of the system is 14 bits,with a maximum time resolution of 0.1 s and a maximum spectral resolution of 16 *** system combines spectral analysis of solar radio signals and recording of time-domain data of signals interfering with long baselines,and adopts a server-client separation mode to allow remote operation with separate *** is used in the China-Malaysia joint astronomy project,which can carry out single-site observation of solar radio signals as well as interferometric observation of signals from multiple sites.

关键词： HF-VHF Solar radio High-speed acquisition Frequency domain analysis Time-domain recording.

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Gravitational wave astronomy: chance and challenge to fundamental physics and astrophysics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2016年第11期59卷 85-86页

作者： ZhouJian Cao Gravitational Wave and Cosmology Laboratory Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University

Expected for a long time,the direct detection of gravitational wave（GW）has been realized by *** now,two GW events,GW150914[1]and GW151226[2],have been *** success of LIGO is based on both the tremendous development of experiment technology[3-6]and theoretical research improvement in the past decades[7-9].Regarding to GW150914,we are some *** signal is so strong that advanced data analysis technology is not necessary to catch the signal（Figure 1）,

关键词：引力波天体物理学基础物理学天文学数据分析技术直接检测实验技术信号

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Gravitational wave astrophysics, data analysis and multimessenger astronomy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2015年第12期58卷 44-64页

作者： LEE Hyung Mok LE BIGOT Eric-Olivier DU ZhiHui LIN ZhangXi GUO XiangYu WEN LinQing PHUKON Khun Sang PANDEY Vihan BOSE Sukanta FAN Xi-Long HENDRY Martin Department of Physics and astronomy Seoul National University Research Institute of Information Technology Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua University Laboratoire Astro Particule et Cosmologie (APC) Universit Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Bc/timent Condorcet Case 7020 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and TechnologyTsinghua University School of Physics The University of Western Australia Department of Physics IIT Kanpur Inter-University Centre for astronomy and Astrophysics Department of Physics & astronomy Washington State University School of Physics and Electronics Information Hubei University of Education SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Glasgow

This paper reviews gravitational wave sources and their detection. One of the most exciting potential sources of gravitational waves are coalescing binary black hole systems. They can occur on all mass scales and be formed in numerous ways, many of which are not understood. They are generally invisible in electromagnetic waves, and they provide opportunities for deep investigation of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Sect. 1 of this paper considers ways that binary black holes can be created in the universe, and includes the prediction that binary black hole coalescence events are likely to be the first gravitational wave sources to be detected. The next parts of this paper address the detection of chirp waveforms from coalescence events in noisy *** analysis is computationally intensive. Sect. 2 reviews a new and powerful method of signal detection based on the GPUimplemented summed parallel infinite impulse response filters. Such filters are intrinsically real time alorithms, that can be used to rapidly detect and localise signals. Sect. 3 of the paper reviews the use of GPU processors for rapid searching for gravitational wave bursts that can arise from black hole births and coalescences. In sect. 4 the use of GPU processors to enable fast efficient statistical significance testing of gravitational wave event candidates is reviewed. Sect. 5 of this paper addresses the method of multimessenger astronomy where the discovery of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events can be used to identify sources, understand their nature and obtain much greater science outcomes from each identified event.

关键词： gravitational waves data analysis multimessenger

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Development of superconducting mixers for THz astronomy

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 120-126页

作者： SHI ShengCai1,2 1Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China 2Key Laboratory of Radio astronomy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences

The terahertz(THz)regime,loosely defined as 0.1-10 THz,is the last frequency window to be fully explored in *** particular,it is a regime in which there are rich molecular rotation lines and atomic fine structure *** are very important tracers for studying the dynamics of astronomical objects such as stars and planetary *** those spectral lines usually makes use of coherent detectors(i.e.,heterodyne mixers).With sensitivity approaching the quantum limit,superconducting mixers have become the coherent detector of choice in THz *** this paper we mainly introduce the superconducting mixers developed at Purple Mountain Observatory and those for international collaborative projects.

关键词： terahertz detection superconducting mixer quantum limit

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Characterization of silicon microstrip sensors for space astronomy

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第10期31卷 13-22页

作者： Jia-Ju Wei Jian-Hua Guo Yi-Ming Hu Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space astronomy Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China

Silicon microstrip detectors are widely used in experiments for space *** the detector is assembled,extensive characterization of the silicon microstrip sensors is indispensable and *** work electrically evaluates a series of sensor parameters,including the depletion voltage,bias resistance,metal strip resistance,total leakage current,strip leakage current,coupling capacitance,and interstrip *** methods are used to accurately measure the strip leakage current,and the test results match each other *** measuring the coupling capacitance,we extract the correct value based on a SPICE model and two-port network *** addition,the expression of the measured bias resistance is deduced based on the SPICE model.

关键词： Silicon microstrip sensor Space astronomy Characterization SPICE model

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