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A review of the literature on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma

Oncology Research 2024年第3期32卷 439-461页

作者： ELHAM AMJAD RAFAELE PEZZANI BABAK SOKOUTI Biotechnology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz***Iran Phytotherapy lab Endocrinology UnitDipartimento di Medicina(DIMED)University of PadovaVia Ospedale 105Padova35128Italy associazione Italiana per la ricerca Oncologica Di Base Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di BasePadova35128Italy

Noncoding RNAs instruct the Cas9 nuclease to site speifillyl cleave DNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 system.Despite the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the patient's outcome is poor.As a result of the emergence of therapeutic resistance in HCC patients,dlinicians have faced difficulties in treating such tumor.In addition,CRISPR/Cas9 screens were used to identify genes that improve the dlinical response of HCC patients.It is the objective of this article to summarize the current understanding of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the treatment of cancer,with a particular emphasis on HCC as part of the current state of knowledge.Thus,in order to locate recent developments in oncology research,we examined both the Scopus database and the PubMed database.The ability to selectively interfere with gene expression in combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 screening can lead to the discovery of new effective HCC treatment regimens by combining clinically approved drugs.Drug resistance can be overcome with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.HCC signature genes and resistance to treatment have been uncovered by genome-scale CRISPR activation screening although this method is not without limitations.It has been extensively examined whether CRISPR can be used as a tool for disease research and gene therapy.CRISPR and its applications to tumor research,particularly in HCC,are examined in this study through a review of the literature.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 system Gene therapy Tumor Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Gene editing

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A Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Heritage in Extreme Climate Changes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 404-420页

作者： Riccardo Cacciotti Alessandro Sardella Milo? Drdácky Alessandra Bonazza Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la ricerca Ambientale

Vulnerability evaluation plays a key role in risk assessment and reduction and is essential for defining strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In dealing with the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk, we are still far from adopting and applying an agreed methodology for vulnerability assessment. With the aim to support practitioners, heritage managers,and policy and decision makers to undertake actions that address the protection of cultural heritage at risk, the methodology set up in the framework of the Interreg Central Europe STRENCH is illustrated and discussed here. Based on three major requirements(susceptibility, exposure, and resilience) and a continuous consultation with local stakeholders, the proposed methodology is applicable for evaluating the vulnerability of built heritage and cultural landscape exposed to hydrometeorological hazards, such as heavy rains, floods, and droughts. The results obtained through its validation on 15 case studies from seven Central European regions are shown to underline the strengths and limitations of the methodological approach.Iterative consultation with local stakeholders was fundamental for the definition of the criteria/subcriteria and related values for the assessment of the requirements. Application to further sites in other contexts would surely contribute to strengthening the reliability of the methodological approach.

关键词： Built and natural heritage Exposure Heritage vulnerability Resilience Risk management Susceptibility

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Chestnut tannin:New use,research and bioeconomy

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 246-252页

作者： Rosaria Ciriminna Francesco Meneguzzo Giovanna Li Petri Cosimo Meneguzzo Giuseppe Angellotti Mario Pagliaro Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati CNRvia U.La Malfa 15390146 PalermoItaly Istituto per la Bioeconomia CNRvia Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto Fiorentino(FI)Italy HyRes Srl via Salvator Rosa 1882100 BeneventoItaly

Chestnut tannin,extracted from the bark or wood of chestnut trees,possesses unique properties that make it valuable in various industries.It serves as a natural source of tannins,which are widely used in the production of leather,textiles,and wood preservation.As research continues to explore its potential applications,chestnut tannin remains a promising resource with diverse industrial uses.Highlighting new use,research and bioeconomy aspects,this study provides a unified perspective on chestnut tannin.New advanced applications will likely emerge shortly.

关键词： Tannin Chestnut Bioeconomy Tannin market Hydrolysable tannin

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Final results of the first phase of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment: obtainment of the full current stable screw pinch and first evidences of the jet + torus combined plasma configuration

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 31-43页

作者： Paolo MICOZZI Franco ALlaDIO Alessandro MANCUSO Vincenzo ZANZA Gerarda APRUZZESE Francesca BOMBARDA Luca BONCAGNI Paolo BURATTI Francesco FILIPPI Giuseppe GAlaTOla TEKA Francesco GIAMMANCO Edmondo GIOVANNOZZI Andrea GROSSO Matteo IAFRATI Alessandro laMPASI Violeta laZIC Simone MAGAGNINO Simone MANNORI Paolo MARSILI Valerio PIERGOTTI Giuliano ROCCHI Alessandro SIBIO Benedetto TILIA Onofrio TUDISCO FSN Dipartimento Fusione e tecnologie per la Sicurezza Nucleare ENEA Agenzia Nazionale per Le Nuove Tecnologie Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico SostenibileFrascati(Rome)00044Italy IAPS Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaRome O133Italy Physics Department University of Pisa Faculty of Natural Sciences Mathematics and PhysicsPisa 56127 Italy

In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the jet + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized jet of plasma centered on the(approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this jet. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma jet(in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor J B and Turner M F 1989 Nucl.Fusion 29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected,up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.

关键词： laboratory plasmas magnetic confinement astrophysical plasmas

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The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil:A case study at Sasso Fratino,Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 23-32页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Nicola Benilli Giovanni Mastrolonardo Giacomo Certini Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali(DIBAF)Universitàdella TusciaVia San C.de Lellis Snc01100 ViterboItaly Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie AlimentariAmbientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi di FirenzeP.le delle Cascine 1850144 FirenzeItaly

There is considerable interest devoted to oldgrowth forests and their capacity to store carbon(C)in biomass and soil.Inventories of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide,although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C sequestration.To further understand this,soil organic carbon(SOC)was measured in one of Italy's best-preserved old-growth forests,the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve.This reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe,and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain,even before legal constraints were imposed.Although the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow,they are rich in organic matter.However,no quantification had been carried out.By systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest,we accurately determined the average amount of SOC(62.0±16.9 Mg ha^(–1))and nitrogen(4.0±1.2 Mg ha^(–1))in the top 20 cm.Using the CENTURY model,future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios,A1F1 and B2,the first of high concern and the second more optimistic.The model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha^(–1)a^(–1)by 2030 under the A1F1 and B2 scenarios,respectively,suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating SOC.However,from 2030 to 2050,a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted,indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case scenario.This study confirms that soils in oldgrowth forests play a significant role in carbon sequestration.It also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.

关键词： Carbon sequestration CENTURY model Climate change Forest soil Soil nitrogen

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Erratum to:Tribological behaviour of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nano-sheets:Substrate-dependent tribo-chemical reactions

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1618-1619页

作者： Alberto ROTA Nicolas BELLINA Bo WANG Andreas ROSENKRANZ Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Informatiche e MatematicheUniversitàdi Modena e Reggio EmiliaModena 41125Italy CNR-Istituto di Nanoscienze Centro S3Modena 41125Italy Centro Interdipartimentale per la ricerca Applicata e i Servizi nel settore della Meccanica Avanzata e della Motoristica Universitàdi Modena e Reggio EmiliaModena 41125Italy Key laboratory of Marine New Materials and Related Technology Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protection TechnologyNingbo Institute of Material Technology&EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Department of Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and MaterialsUniversity of ChileSantiago 8370456Chile

Erratum to Alberto Rota,Nicolas Bellina,Bo Wang&Andreas Rosenkranz.Tribological behaviour of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nano-sheets:Substratedependent tribo-chemical reactions.Friction 11(8):1522–1533(2023).

关键词： Friction behaviour chemical

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1991-2020 climate normal in the European Alps:focus on high-elevation environments

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第8期20卷 2149-2163页

作者： NIGRELLI Guido CHIARLE Marta Istituto di ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheTorino 10135Italy

Alps are an important geographical area of the European continent and,in this area,temperature increase is most evident.However,the 1991-2020 climate normal in the Alps has still not been thoroughly investigated.Aiming to fill this gap with a focus on high-elevation environments,minimum and maximum daily air temperature acquired by 23 automatic weather station were used.The results show that the mean annual values of minimum and maximum temperature for the 1991-2020 climate normal in the Alps are-2.4℃ and 4.4℃,respectively,with a warming rate of 0.5℃/10 years.The mean annual temperature comparison between 1961-1990 and 1971-2000,1961-1990 and 1981-2010,1961-1990 and 1991-2020 climate normal show an increase of 0.3℃,0.5℃ and 0.9℃,respectively.The results also confirm that seasonal and annual temperatures are rising through the whole Alpine arc,mainly in summer and autumn.This work highlights that annual minimum and maximum temperature do not seem to be affected by a positive elevation-dependent warming.Instead,a positive elevation-dependent warming in the maximum values of the annual minimum temperature was found.If anthropogenic emissions maintain the trend of the last decades,the expected mean annual temperature of the 2001-2030 climate normal is-0.2℃,with an increase of 0.5℃ if compared to the 1991-2020 climate normal and with an increase of 1.5℃ if compared to the 1961-1990 climate normal.This study highlights the warming rate that is now present in the European Alps,provides indications on the warming rate that will occur in the coming years and highlights the importance of carrying out investigations that consider not only the last 30-year climate normal,but also the most recent 30-year climate normal by comparing them with each other.

关键词： Air temperature trend Climate normal Climate change High mountain climate Alps

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson Giacomo Picardi Damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó Emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino Michael Tangherlini Roberto Danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del Mar(ICM-CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNIVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec Systems International Limited Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural ecosystems.Marine ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work autonomously.Here,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial scales.We expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

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Rock temperature variability in high-altitude rockfall-prone areas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第3期19卷 798-811页

作者： Guido NIGRELLI Marta CHIARLE Andrea MERLONE Graziano COPPA Chiara MUSACCHIO Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR) Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica(IRPI)Torino 10135Italy Istituto Nazionale di ricerca Metrologica(INRiM) Torino 10135Italy

In a context of cryosphere degradation caused by climate warming,rock temperature is one of the main driving factors of rockfalls that occur on high-elevation mountain slopes.In order to improve the knowledge of this critical relationship,it is necessary to increase measurement capability of rock temperature and its variability in different lithological and slope/aspect conditions,and also to increase local scale studies,increasing the quality and the comparability of the data.This paper shows an example of metrological characterization of sensors used for rock temperature measurement in mountain regions,by means of the measurement uncertainty.Under such approach,data and results from temperature measurements carried out in the Bessanese high-elevation experimental site(Western European Alps)are illustrated.The procedures for the calibration and field characterization of sensors allow to measure temperature in different locations,depths and lithotypes,within 0.10°C of overall uncertainty.This work has highlighted that metrological traceability is fundamental to asses data quality and establish comparability among different measurements;that there are strong differences between air temperature and near-surface rock temperature;and that there are significant differences of rock temperature acquired in different aspect conditions.Finally,solar radiation,slope/aspect conditions and lithotype,seem to be the main driving factors of rock temperature.

关键词： Rock temperature Rockfalls European Alps Climate warming Temperature measurement

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Does the use of double hormone replacement therapy for trauma patient organ donors improve organ recovery for transplant

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 119-125页

作者： Eden M Gallegos Tanner Reed Paige Deville Blake Platt Claudia Leonardi Lillian Bellfi Jessica Dufrene Saad Chaudhary John Hunt lance Stuke Patrick Greiffenstein Jonathan Schoen Alan Marr Anil Paramesh Alison A Smith Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70124United States Department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Trauma Surgery Tacoma General HospitalTacoma 98405United States Department of Public Health Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Donation Services Louisiana Organ Procurement AgencyCovingtonLA 70433United States Department of Surgery Tulane Transplant InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States

BACKGROUND With an ongoing demand for transplantable organs,optimization of donor management protocols,specifically in trauma populations,is important for obta-ining a high yield of viable organs per patient.Endocrine management of brain-dead potential organ donors(BPODs)is controversial,leading to heterogeneous clinical management approaches.Previous studies have shown that when levo-thyroxine was combined with other treatments,including steroids,vasopressin,and insulin,BPODs had better organ recovery and survival outcomes were increased for transplant recipients.AIM To determine if levothyroxine use in combination with steroids in BPODs increased the number of organs donated in trauma patients.METHODS A retrospective review of adult BPODs from a single level 1 trauma center over ten years was performed.Exclusion criteria included patients who were not solid organ donors,patients who were not declared brain dead(donation after circulatory death),and patients who did not receive steroids in their hospital course.Levothyroxine and steroid administration,the number of organs donated,the types of organs donated,and demographic information were recorded.Univariate analyses were performed with Ppertinent injury factors,age,or other hormone therapies used(P>0.05).In the ST/LT group,68.1%(n=47)donated a high yield(3-5)of organ types per donor compared to 42.1%(n=8)in the ST group(P=0.038).There was no difference in the total number of organ types donated between the groups(P=0.068).CONCLUSION This study suggests that combining levothyroxine and steroid administration increases high-yield organ donation per donor in BPODs in the trauma patient population.Limitations to this study include the retrospective design and the relatively smal

关键词： Organ donation Trauma Brain death Levothyroxine Hormone replacement therapy Steroids Organ donor Retrospective

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