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Final results of the first phase of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment: obtainment of the full current stable screw pinch and first evidences of the jet + torus combined plasma configuration

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 31-43页

作者： Paolo MICOZZI Franco ALLADIO Alessandro MANCUSO Vincenzo ZANZA Gerarda APRUZZESE Francesca BOMBARDA Luca BONCAGNI Paolo BURATTI Francesco FILIPPI Giuseppe GALATOLA TEKA Francesco GIAMMANCO Edmondo GIOVANNOZZI Andrea GROSSO Matteo IAFRATI Alessandro LAMPASI Violeta LAZIC Simone MAGAGNINO Simone MANNORI Paolo MARSILI Valerio PIERGOTTI Giuliano ROCCHI Alessandro SIBIO Benedetto TILIA Onofrio TUDISCO FSN Dipartimento fusione e tecnologie per la Sicurezza Nucleare ENEA Agenzia Nazionale per Le Nuove Tecnologie Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico SostenibileFrascati(Rome)00044Italy IAPS Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaRome O133Italy Physics Department University of Pisa Faculty of Natural Sciences Mathematics and PhysicsPisa 56127 Italy

In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the jet + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized jet of plasma centered on the(approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this jet. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma jet(in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor J B and Turner M F 1989 *** 29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected,up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.

关键词： laboratory plasmas magnetic confinement astrophysical plasmas

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Fishbone Instability Excited by Barely Trapped Electrons

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第1期23卷 158-160页

作者：王中天龙永兴董家齐王龙 Fulvio Zonca Southwestern Institute of Physics PO Box 432 Chengdu 610041 Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 associazione euratom-enea Sulla Fusione C.P. 65-00044 Frascati Rome Italy

Fishbone instability excited by barely trapped suprathermal electrons （BTSEs） in tokamaks is investigated theoretically. The frequency of the mode is found to close to procession frequency of BTSEs. The growth rate of the mode is much smaller than that of the ideal magnetohytrodynamic （MHD） internal kink mode that is in contrast to the case of trapped ion driven fishbone instability. The analyses also show that spatial density gradient reversal is necessary for the instability. The correlation of the results with experiments is discussed.

关键词： Fishbone Instability Trapped Electrons

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Kinetic Theories of Geodesic Acoustic Modes：Radial Structure,Linear Excitation by Energetic Particles and Nonlinear Saturation＇

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第3期13卷 257-266页

作者： QIU Zhiyong(仇志勇) Fulvio ZONCA CHEN Liu(陈骝) Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China associazione euratom=enea sulla fusione C. P. 65 -I-00044-Frascati. Italy Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Univ. of California Irvine CA 92697-4575 USA

Geodesic acoustic modes（GAMs）are oscillating zonal mode structures unique to toroidal plasmas and are capable of regulating microscopic turbulence and associated ***,three important aspects of GAM dynamics are investigated,namely（1） GAM continuous spectrum and its mode conversion to kinetic GAM （KGAM）;（2） 1inear excitation of energetic particle induced GAM （EGAM） and its coupling to the GAM continuum, and （3） nonlinear ***

关键词： geodesic acoustic mode continuum energetic particles wave particle trapping

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Fishbone Instability Excited by Circulating Electrons

Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report

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Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report 2006年第1期 102-104页

作者： WANG Zhongtian LONG Yongxing WANG Aike DONG Jiaqi Zonca E 不详 associazione euratom-enea Sulla Fusione C. E 65-00044 Frascati Rome Italy

1 Introduction Internal kink mode driven by the supra-thermal electrons is reported on DⅢ-D tokamak. This instability is most active when electron cyclotron current drive （ECCD） is applied on the high field side of the flux surface. It has a bursting behavior with poloidal/toroidal mode number=n/n=1/1. In positive magnetic shear plasma this mode becomes fishbone instability. The mode frequency is about 10 kHz. Strong m=1 MHD activities are also observed in HL-IM tokamak during off-axis electron cyclotron resonance heating （ECRH） when the cyclotron location is placed just outside the q= 1 flux surface at high field side .

关键词：循环电子不稳定性相互作用核物理学

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Study of Kinetic Shear Alfvén Modes Driven by Ion Temperature Gradient in Tokamak Plasmas

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中国核科技报告 1999年第S3期 3-5页

作者： CHEN F. ZONCA F. United States of America. Rome Department of Physics ＆ Astronomy University of California Irvine Italy. associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione Frascati

Discrete kinetic shear Alfv(?)n modes driven by ion temperature gradient (AITG) is investigated in the full gyrokinetic limit. It is shown that AITG instability may occur when the plasma pressure gradient is well below the threshold value for ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) ballooning instabilities, and that the critical magnetic shear required to completely stabilize the former is significantly higher than that for the latter. In addition, finite-β(=plasma pressure/magnetic pressure) effects on toroidal electrostaticion temperature gradient (ITG) modes are

关键词： AITG MHD Ion temperature gradient

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Fishbone Instability Excited by Barely Trapped Electrons

Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report

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Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report 2006年第1期 113-115页

作者： WANG Zhongtian LONG Yongxing DONG Jiaqi WANG Long Zonca F. 不详 Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China associazione euratom-enea Sulla Fusione C.P. 65-00044 Frascati Rome Italy

1 Introduction Internal kink mode driven by barely trapped suprakthermal electrons is reported on D Ⅲ-D tokama . This instability is most active when electron cyclotron current drive （ ECCD ） is applied on the high field side of the flux surface. It has a bursting behavior with poloidal/toroidal mode number m/n = 1/1. In positive magnetic shear plasma this mode becomes fishbone instability.

关键词：电子核反应装置核物理学回旋加速器

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Simulation of ECCD and ECRH for SUNIST

Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report

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Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report 2006年第1期 130-132页

作者： WANG Zhongtian LONG Yongxing DONG Jiaqi HE Zhixiong Zonca F. Fu G. Y. 不详 associazione euratom-enea Sulla Fusione C.E 65-00044 Frascati Rome Italy Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08543 USA

1 Introduction Interaction of radio-frequency wave with plasma in magnetic confinement devices has been a very important discipline of plasma physics. To approach more realistic description of wave-plasma interaction in a time scale longer than the kinetic time scales bounce-average is needed. The long time evolution of the kinetic distribution can be treated by Fokker-Planck equation. The behavior of the plasma and the most interesting macroscopic effects are obtained by balancing the diffusion term with a collision term.

关键词：等离子体核技术交互作用电子磁场

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The Protosphera Experiment and the PROTO-PINCH Testbench

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中国核科技报告 1999年第S4期 392-393页

作者： F.Alladio,L.A.Grosso,A.Mancuso,S.Mantovani,P.Micozzi,M.Pillon,A.Sibio,B.Tilia CR Frascati C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) Italy associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione CR Frascati C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) Italy associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione CR Frascati C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione Italy associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione CR Frascati C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) Italy associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione CR Frascati C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) Italy associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione CR Frascati CR Frascati C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) Italy C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) Italy associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione CR Frascati C.P.65 00044 Frascati(Rome) Italy associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione

Spherical Tori A=R/α<2 were originally proposed by M. Peng and his collaborators at ORNL. They are based on economical (low aspect ratio=low volume=low cost) and physical (probable no disruptions, low geodesic curvat... 详细信息

关键词： The Protosphera Experiment and the PROTO-PINCH Testbench

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Self Consistent Calibration of Detectors and Sources for Hard and Soft X-Ray Diagnostics

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Modern Instrumentation 2014年第3期3卷 13-23页

作者： Danilo Pacella Afra Romano Seung Hun Lee Federica Causa Lori Gabellieri Wonho Choe enea Unità Tecnica fusione Rome Italy Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea

X-Ray sources, detectors and optical components are now used in a wide range of applications. What is crucial is the absolute calibration of such devices to permit a quantitative assessment of the system under study. A new X-ray laboratory has been built in Frascati (enea) to develop diagnostics for nuclear fusion experiments and study applications of these X-ray techniques in other domains, like new material science, non destructive tests and so on. An in-house developed selfconsistent calibration procedure is described that permits the absolute calibration of sources (X-ray emitted fluxes) and detectors (detection efficiencies) as function of the X-ray photon energy, in the range 2 - 120 keV. The calibration procedure involves the use of an in-house developed code that also predicts the spectral response of any detector in any experimental condition that can be setup in the laboratory. The procedure has been then applied for the calibration and characterisation of gas and solid state imaging detectors, such as Medipix-2, GEM gas detector, CCD camera, Cd-Te C-MOS imager, demonstrating the versatility of the method developed here.

关键词： X-Ray Detector X-Ray Source Absolute Calibration Plasma Physics Diagnostics

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Simulation of Fusion Plasmas:Current Status and Future Direction

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Plasma Science and Technology 2007年第3期9卷 312-387页

作者： D.A.Batchelor M.Beck A.Becoulet R.V.Budny C.S.Chang P.H.Diamond J.Q.Dong G.Y.FU A.Fukuyama T.S.Hahm D.E.Keyes Y.Kishimoto S.Klasky L.L.Lao K.Li Z.Lin B.Ludaescher J.Manickam N.Nakajima T.Ozeki N.Podhorszki W.M.Tang M.A.Vouk R.E.Waltz S.J.Wang H.R.Wilson X.Q.Xu M.Yagi F.Zonca Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA 1122 Volunteer Blvd Suite 203KnoxvilleTN 37996-3450USA Associationeuratom-CEA sur la Fusio n Contr■lée CEA Cadarache13108 Saint Paul lez Durance CedexFrance Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08543USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University251 Mercer StreetNew YorkNY 10012USA University of California at San Diego Dept.of Physics and Center for Astrophysics and Space SciencesLa JollaCA 92093USA Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China Department of Nuclear Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Columbia University Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsMC 4701New YorkNY 10027USA Department of Fundamental Energy Science Graduate School of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 611-0011Japan General Atomics P.O.Box 85608San DiegoCA 92186USA Department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Computer Science University of California DavisCA95616USA National Institute for Fusion Science TokiGifu 509-5292Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Naka Fusion Research EstablishmentNaka-machiIbaraki-kenJapan Department of Computer Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Physics Fudan University200433 ShanghaiChina Department of Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYork YO10 5DD UK Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan associazione euratom-enea sulla fusione CR FrascatiCasella Postale 65-00044FrascatiItaly

I. Introduction (Z. Lin, G. Y. Fu, J. Q. Dong) II. Role of theory and simulation in fusion sciences 1. The Impact of theory and simulation on tokomak experiments (H. R. Wilson, T.S. Hahm and F. Zonca) 2. Tokomak Transport Physics for the Era of ITER: Issues for Simulations (P.H. Diamond and T.S. Hahm) III. Status of fusion simulation and modeling 1. Nonlinear Governing Equations for Plasma Simulations (T. S. Hahm) 2. Equilibrium and stability (L.L. Lao, J. Manickam) 3. Transport modeling (R.E. Waltz) 4. Nonlinear MHD (G.Y. Fu) 5. Turbulence (Z. Lin and R.E. Waltz) 6. RF heating and current drive (D.A. Batchelor) 7. Edge physics Simulations (X.Q. Xu and C.S. Chang) 8. Energetic particle physics (F. Zonca, G.Y. Fu and S.J. Wang) 9. Time-dependent Integrated Modeling (R.V. Budny) 10. Validation and verification (J. Manickam) IV. Major initiatives on fusion simulation 1. US Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program & Fusion Energy Science (W. Tang) 2. EU Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM) Task Force (A. Becoulet) 3. Fusion Simulations Activities in Japan (A. Fukuyama, N. Nakajima, Y. Kishimoto, T. Ozeki, and M. Yagi) V. Cross-disciplinary research in fusion simulation 1. Applied mathematics: Models, Discretizations, and Solvers (D.E. Keyes) 2. Computational Science (K. Li) 3. Scientific Data and Workflow Management (S. Klasky, M. Beck, B. Ludaescher, N. Podhorszki, M.A. Vouk) 4. Collaborative tools (J. Manickam)

关键词： mode ITER

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