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Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk and metabolic fatty liver in spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus): The role of a cholesterol, taurine and glycine supplement

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 87-99页

作者： Tingting Song Xiaofang Liang Hao Wang Min Xue Jie Wang National Aquafeed Safety assessment Center Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The prevalent practice of substituting fishmeal with plant protein frequently leads to disturbances in bile acid metabolism, subsequently increasing the incidence of metabolic liver diseases. Bile acid nutrients such as cholesterol, taurine and glycine have been shown to enhance bile acid synthesis and confer beneficial effects on growth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of cholesterol-taurineglycine(Ch-Tau-Gly) supplement on bile acid metabolism and liver health in spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus) fed a plant-based diet. Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated:(1) plant protein-based diet(PP);(2) PP supplemented 0.5% cholesterol, 0.5% taurine and 1.3% glycine(CTG). Each experimental diet was randomly fed to quadruplicate groups of 30 feed-trained spotted seabass in each tank. The results revealed that supplementing plant-based diet with Ch-Tau-Gly supplement led to an increase in carcass ratio(meat yield) in spotted seabass(P < 0.05), indirectly contributing positively to their growth. The dietary supplement effectively suppressed endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver, promoted the expression of bile acid synthesis enzyme synthesis, and simultaneously the expression of intestinal fxr and its downstream genes, including hnf4a and shp(P < 0.05). The reduction in Lactobacillus＿salivarius and bile salt hydrolase(BSH) were observed in CTG group with concurrently increased conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) bile acids(P < 0.05), suggesting the enhancement of the hydrophilicity of the bile acid pool. In CTG group, fatty liver was alleviated with a corresponding increase in lipid metabolism, characterized by a downregulation of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipid droplet deposition, along with an upregulation of genes related to lipolysis. Our study underscored the ability of Ch-Tau-Gly supplement to influence the gut microbiota, leading to an increase in the levels of conjugated CDCA(P < 0.05) in the bile aci

关键词： Cholesterol-taurine-glycine supplement Plant-based diets Fatty liver Gut microbiota–bile acid crosstalk Lipid metabolism

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Fat deposition and partitioning for meat production in cattle and sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 376-386页

作者： Shimin Liu Yanyan Yang Hailing Luo Wenjie Pang Graeme B.Martin The UWA institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia institute of Animal Husbandry of Inner Mongolia Academy of agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences College of Animal Science and technology of China agricultural University Resonance Health Burswood

In markets for beef and sheep meat, an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF) is highly desirable for meat-eating quality, but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat,presenting a major challenge to livestock producers. To solve this problem, we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots: IMF, subcutaneous fat(SCF) and visceral fat(VF). In most genotypes of cattle and sheep, the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF, so genetic selection for a high level of IMF, or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition, will increase overall fatness and feed costs. On the other hand, feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition, so a nutritional strategy is feasible. With genetic strategies, several problems arise: 1) positive genetic correlations between IMF, SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep; 2) genotypes appear to have specific, characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening; 3) most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF, but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF. Therefore, an essential prerequisite for selection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype. Currently,selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings, or estimates IMF in live animals. New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field, thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection, particularly for fat partitioning in live animals. Specifically, there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated. Genetic gain would also be grea

关键词： Fat depot Fat partition Intramuscular fat Feed efficiency Bovine Ovine

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Dynamic changes in physicochemical property,biogenic amines content and microbial diversity during the fermentation of Sanchuan ham

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 506-516页

作者： Zhongai Chen Hong Chen Huan Du Cong Chen Kaixiang Lu Qiaoli Xue Yongjin Hu College of Food Science and technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650000China institute of Food Processing Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006China Editorial Department of Journal of Yunnan agricultural University Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650000China

Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation *** this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan *** showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/*** addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ***,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation *** the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole ***,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community ***,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.

关键词： Sanchuan ham Nitrite cont ent Free amino acids Cadaverine Staphylococcus

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Priority effects of forbs arriving early:the role of root interaction and asymmetric competition

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 53-65页

作者： Xiaohong Yan Xiliang Li Ke Jin institute of Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Background The priority effect of plant arrival is a key driver of community assembly and ecosystem succession during the restoration of degraded plant communities. However, the significance of the arrival order of different plant functional groups and their interactions with community assemblies remains unclear. Using a phytotron experiment with three fully crossed factors, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of priority effects and their relationships with the biomass and biodiversity effects in mixed plant communities by manipulating the order of arrival of species, isolation of roots, and removal of specific *** The results showed that the strength and direction of priority effects were influenced by arrival order, root interactions, asymmetric competition among species, and their interactions. The identities of early and late-sown species also determined the magnitude of priority effects. The priority effects were stronger in grass-first(24.76%) and legume-first communities(24.48%) than in forb-first communities. The pot biomass of the different priority treatments was highest in grass-first(5.85 g), followed by legume-first(3.94 g) and forb-first(2.48 g). The order of arrival in the mixture significantly affected the net biodiversity effects(P < 0.001), which were driven by dominance effects. The community had lower overall biomass when forbs were sown first, whereas the species grown later had fewer costs with an increased overall net benefit for the resulting *** Our results emphasize that root interactions and asymmetric competition are vital determinants of order-specific priority effects in community assemblies. In addition, the importance of the priority effect of forbs sown first is related to community assembly, which may be a key determinant in successfully establishing a highly diverse community in the early stages of restoration. Species with weak competition should be considered in the early stage of community ass

关键词： Community assembly Order of arrival Overyielding Plant functional group Root isolation

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Trichoderma viride F7 improves peanut performances while remediating cadmium-contaminated soil with microplastics

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 971-980页

作者： Xin SONG Jianpeng JIN Hongliang YIN Tingjuan WANG Haiying ZONG Fangli WANG Jun LIU Xiaoli HUANG Bin WANG Chao CHAI Zhi LI Dongsheng LIU Xuexia WANG Ningning SONG School of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural University Central Laboratory Qingdao Agricultural University institute of Soil Fertilizer and agricultural Water Saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources Beijing Agricultural Forestry Academy Sciences

Microplastics(MPs) and cadmium(Cd) in soil have serious negative impacts on plant growth. As a bioremediator, Trichoderma viride may modulate the impacts of MPs and/or Cd on plant growth and heavy metal uptake. In this study, T. viride F7 was used to treat Cd-contaminated soil with and without the presence of polylactic acid MPs to investigate its effects on peanut growth, Cd uptake efficiency, and soil properties. Results showed that F7 increased soil pH,dissolved organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, microbial biomass nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon, which resulted in increases of 2.10%–19.83% in peanut biomass and mitigated the negative effects of MPs and Cd on peanut growth. Trichoderma viride F7 reduced the soil bioavailable Cd and plant Cd concentrations by 16.68%–34.20% and 5.37%–25.84%, respectively. Regression path analysis showed that F7 could improve peanut performances by altering soil properties and reducing peanut Cd concentrations in MP-Cd-contaminated soil. Soil fungal community analysis indicated that the microbial community was altered via F7 inoculation, which antagonized Fusarium and promoted peanut growth. This study reveals the mechanisms of F7 in mitigating Cd contamination in the soil with the presence of MPs, which provides new ideas for managing MP-heavy metal-contaminated soil and improving soil health.

关键词： bioremediation compound pollution emerging pollutant heavy metal polyethylene soil health

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Hydrothermal treatment of pearl millet grains:Effects on nutritional composition,antinutrients and flour properties

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Grain & Oil Science and technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： P.Prashanth T.Jayasree Joshi Shagolshem Mukta Singh P.Srinivasa Rao agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop exhibits exceptional resilience to drought and high ***,the processing of pearl millet poses a significant challenge due to its high lipid content,enzyme activity,and presence of ***,it becomes imperative to enhance the quality and prolong the shelf life of pearl millet flour by employing suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as promising due to its potential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and improve nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of pearl *** independent variables of the study were soaking temperature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and phytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,respectively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could potentially encourage the use of pearl millet flour in the production of various food items and promote the application of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food processing.

关键词： Pearl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional properties Antinutrients

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Technological advancements in millet dehulling and polishing process: An insight into pretreatment methods, machineries and impact on nutritional quality

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Grain & Oil Science and technology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukta Singh Jayasree Joshi T P.Srinivasa Rao agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Millets are widely recognized for their nutritional significance;however, the methods employed for their processing are currently lacking. This article primarily focuses on the advanced technologies and progressions in millet dehulling and polishing. These technologies operate based on the fundamental principles of compression-shearing, abrasion-friction, and centrifugal-impact forces. Processing of millets can be challenging because of the physical characteristics and tight attachment of hull and bran to the endosperm. However, several dehullers have been designed to solve this problem for different kinds of millets. In addition, the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics undergo alterations due to both dehulling and polishing processes. These alterations are thoroughly examined and discussed in this article. Specifically, anti-nutrients such as tannins and phytate are predominantly found in the outer pericarp of the grain and experience a reduction after undergoing dehulling and polishing. The nutritional properties are also subjected to a reduction;however, this reduction can be mitigated by subjecting the grains to certain pretreatments before dehulling and polishing. These treatments serve to enhance dehulling efficiency and nutrient digestibility while simultaneously reducing the presence of anti-nutrients. Novel thermal and non-thermal methodologies such as microwave, hydrothermal, high-pressure processing, and ohmic heating can be employed for processing millets, thereby diminishing the loss of nutrients. Additional research can be carried out to investigate their impact on the dehulling and polishing of millets.

关键词： Millets Dehulling Polishing Pretreatment Novel thermal and non-thermal techniques

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Reorganization of 3D genome architecture provides insights into pathogenesis of early fatty liver disease in laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1086-1100页

作者： Yanli Liu Zhuqing Zheng Chaohui Wang Yumeng Wang Xi Sun Zhouzheng Ren Xin Yang Xiaojun Yang College of Animal Science and technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China institute of agricultural Biotechnology Jingchu University of TechnologyJingmen 448000China

Background Fatty liver disease causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry due to its high occurrence and lethality ***-dimensional(3D)chromatin architecture takes part in disease processing by regulating tran-scriptional *** study is carried out to investigate the alterations of hepatic 3D genome and H3K27ac profiling in early fatty liver(FLS)and reveal their effect on hepatic transcriptional reprogramming in laying *** Results show that FLS model is constructed with obvious phenotypes including hepatic visible lipid deposi-tion as well as higher total triglyceride and cholesterol in serum.A/B compartment switching,topologically associat-ing domain(TAD)and chromatin loop changes are identified by high-throughput/resolution chromosome conforma-tion capture(HiC)*** genes of these alternations in hepatic 3D genome organization significantly enrich pathways related to lipid metabolism and hepatic damage.H3K27ac differential peaks and differential expres-sion genes(DEGs)identified through RNA-seq analysis are also enriched in these ***,certain DEGs are found to correspond with changes in 3D chromatin structure and H3K27ac binding in their *** motif analysis reveals that candidate transcription factors are implicated in regulating transcriptional ***,disturbed folate metabolism is observed,as evidenced by lower folate levels and altered enzyme *** Our findings establish a link between transcriptional reprogramming changes and 3D chromatin struc-ture variations during early FLS formation,which provides candidate transcription factors and folate as targets for FLS prevention or treatment.

关键词： 3D chromatin architecture Fatty liver disease Folate H3K27ac profiling Transcription reprogramming

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Resilience effects for household food expenditure and dietary diversity in rural western China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 384-396页

作者： Xiao Han Kaiyu Lyu Fengying Nie Yuquan Chen institute of agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China agricultural Information institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary *** study quantifies rural household resilience in western China,identifies the three pillars(absorptive capacity,adaptive capacity,and transformative capacity)contribution to resilience,and then establishes the estimated Resilience Capacity Index(RCI)linked with food security and dietary diversity supported by the multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)*** show that,despite geographical heterogeneity,the RCI consistently increased from 2015 to *** with a higher RCI inheriting better capacity to deal with risk and shocks are significantly and positively correlated with increasing food expenditure and diversifying food *** can be because resilient households will allocate more money to food expenditure instead of saving for livelihood ***,policymakers can provide more incentives for rural households to adopt more dynamic and effective risk management ***,in turn,could yield positive spillover effects by preventing human capital loss associated with dietary-related chronic diseases and mortality.

关键词： resilience food expenditure dietary diversity China risk management

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Innovations in functional genomics and molecular breeding of pea:exploring advances and opportunities

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aBIOTECH 2024年第1期5卷 71-93页

作者： Baizhi Chen Yan Shi Yuchen Sun Lu Lu Luyao Wang Zijian Liu Shifeng Cheng agricultural Genomics institute at Shenzhen(AGIS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)ShenzhenChina

The garden pea(Pisum sativum L.)is a significant cool-season legume,serving as crucial food sources,animal feed,and industrial raw *** advancement of functional genomics over the past two decades has provided substantial theoretical foundations and progress to pea ***,the release of the pea reference genome has enhanced our understanding of plant architecture,symbiotic nitrogen fixation(SNF),flowering time,floral organ development,seed development,and stress ***,a considerable gap remains between pea functional genomics and molecular *** review summarizes the current advancements in pea functional genomics and breeding while highlighting the future challenges in pea molecular breeding.

关键词： Pea Genome study Agronomic traits Breeding

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