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Filling the Disaster Data Gap:Lessons from Cataloging singapore’s Past Disasters

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第2期12卷 188-204页

作者： Yolanda C.Lin Feroz Khan Susanna F.Jenkins David Lallemant Department of Geography and environmental Studies University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87131USA asian school of the environment Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore earth observatory of singapore Singapore639798Singapore Disaster Resilience Leadership Academy Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA70112USA

International disaster databases and catalogs provide a baseline for researchers,governments,communities,and organizations to understand the risk of a particular place,analyze broader trends in disaster risk,and justify investments in *** because singapore is routinely identified as one of the safest countries in the world,singapore’s past disasters have not been studied extensively with few events captured in major global databases such as *** this article,we fill the disaster data gap for postwar singapore(1950–2020)using specified metrics through an archival search,review of literature,and analysis of secondary *** present four key lessons from cataloging these ***,we expand singapore’s disaster catalog to 39 events in this time period and quantify the extent of this data ***,we identify the mitigating actions that have followed past events that contribute to singapore’s present-day ***,we discuss how these past events uncover continuities among vulnerability bearers in ***,we identify limitations of a disaster catalog when considering future *** expanding the disaster catalog,this case study of singapore supports the need for comprehensive understanding of past disasters in order to examine current and future disaster resilience.

关键词： Catalog Database Data gap Disasters Resilience singapore

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禁烧秸秆助力碳减排

Science Bulletin 2023年第1期68卷 18-20页

作者：王靖宇王先锋 National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637616Singapore earth observatory of singapore Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore asian school of the environment Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Biomass burning has widespread impacts on climate,biogeochemical cycles,and human well-being through changes in global and regional aerosol *** tackle the life-threatening environmental challenges related to air pollution,China has launched a series of policies aiming to reduce the pollutionrelated public health crises and social tensions in the sectors of industries,energy,transportation,and land use[1].

关键词： pollution 碳减排 Biomass

Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation and palaeogeographic reconstruction in the Poso Depression,Central Sulawesi,Indonesia:from a sea channel to a land bridge

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第3期12卷 331-357页

作者： Abang Mansyursyah Surya Nugraha Ramadhan Adhitama Adam D.Switzer Robert Hall earth observatory of singapore Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.639798Singapore Fakultas Teknologi Kebumian dan Energi Universitas TrisaktiKampus A Gedung DJI.Kyai Tapa No.1GrogolJakarta 11441Indonesia asian school of the environment Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.639798Singapore SE Asia Research Group Department of Earth SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyTW200EXUK

The Poso Depression provides a record of Plio-Pleistocene environments and palaeogeography of Central ***-based sedimentological and provenance studies suggest that during the Pliocene the Poso Depression was a sea channel connecting Gorontalo and Bone bays formed in an asymmetric *** Pliocene history began with deposition of the Puna Formation with fan deltas at the eastern basin margin and channel complexes in the deep-water basin further *** of light and heavy minerals indicate the main sediment source was ultrabasic rocks in East Sulawesi with minor and intermittent magmatic and metamorphic input from West ***,in the Middle to Late Pliocene,carbonates of the Poso Formation accumulated on the eastern basin *** are unconformably overlain by shallow marine glaucophane-rich siliciclastics of the Pleistocene Lage Formation that are associated with the rapid exhu-mation and uplift of the Pompangeo metamorphic *** uplift led to the development of a land bridge connecting western and eastern *** terrane evolution favoured increasing the area of exposed land due to rapid tectonic uplift,which when combined with the tropical climate,contributed to faunal speciation and dispersal in Sulawesi.

关键词： Palaeogeography Poso Sulawesi Sedimentation history Provenance

Quasi-waveform seismic tomography of crustal structures in the capital circle region of China

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Science China earth Sciences 2021年第1期64卷 110-126页

作者： Xueyuan HUANG Dinghui YANG Ping TONG Yuan GAO Yutao SHI Hao WU Department of Applied Statistics School of Mathematics and StatisticsBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Division of Mathematical Sciences School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore asian school of the environment Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China

Seismic tomography is one of the main tools to explore the interior of the *** this study,the quasi-waveform seismic tomographic method is used for the first time to reveal the crustal structures in the capital region of China.3-D highresolution V_P,V_S and the Poisson’s ratio models are generated by inverting 29839 direct P-and 29972 direct S-wave traveltimes selected from 3231 local *** results reveal strong crustal *** velocity anomalies at shallow depths are well consistent with surface geologic *** relatively low-velocity anomaly layer in the middle crust may be the result of multiple phases of tectonic *** generally occurred on the boundaries of high-and low-velocity and Poisson’s ratio *** are obvious low-velocity anomalies below the hypocenters of the Tangshan earthquake and the historical Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake,implying the existence of *** similar velocity structures around the hypocenters of the two earthquakes indicate that the occurrences of the two earthquakes may be related to the same *** highresolution velocity models provide important observational constraints on the small-scale heterogeneities and dynamic mechanism of the crust in the capital region of China.

关键词： Quasi-waveform inversion Capital circle region Seismic tomography Crustal velocity structure Heterogeneity

Donald ***,the master mentor:Testimonials from former international students

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earthquake Science 2022年第1期35卷 67-70页

作者： Xiaodong Song Sidao Ni Ying Tan Alex Song Risheng Chu Daoyuan Sun Shengji Wei Semechah Lui Voon Hui Lai Institute of Theoretical and Applied Geophysics School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China Chevron Technical Center Houston TX77002USA Department of earth Sciences University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of earth's Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China asian school of the environment/earth observatory of singapore Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of earth Sciences University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3B1Canada Research school of earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityACT 2601Australia

Don trained many *** over the〜5 decades of his career,at least 45 were advised or co-advised according to a Caltech account.A large number were international students including a high percentage of Chinese *** contributors to this article graduated over a time span of 26 years,and we are now distributed in 6 countries across 14 time zones,yet we represent only a small fraction of his former students and postdocs.

关键词： Donald career trained

The nighttime ionospheric response and occurrence of equatorial plasma irregularities during geomagnetic storms:a case study

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Satellite Navigation 2021年第1期2卷 315-328页

作者： Xin Wan Chao Xiong Shunzu Gao Fuqing Huang Yiwen Liu Fan Yin Hongtao Cai Planetary environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhaiChina Department of Space Physics Electronic Information SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Mengcheng National Geophysical observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Geospace environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina school of Physics and Electronic Information Shangrao Normal UniversityShangraoChina.6 Haystack ObservatoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyWestfordMAUSA.

Recent studies revealed that the long-lasting daytime ionospheric enhancements of Total Electron Content(TEC)were sometimes observed in the asian sector during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms e.g.,Lei(J Geophys Res Space Phys 123:3217-3232,2018),Li(J Geophys Res Space Phys 125:e2020JA028238,2020).However,they focused only on the dayside ionosphere,and no dedicated studies have been performed to investigate the nighttime ionospheric behavior during such kinds of storm recovery *** this study,we focused on two geomagnetic storms that happened on 7-8 September 2017 and 25-26 August 2018,which showed the prominent daytime TEC enhancements in the asian sector during their recovery phases,to explore the nighttime large-scale ionospheric responses as well as the small-scale Equatorial Plasma Irregularities(EPIs).It is found that during the September 2017 storm recovery phase,the nighttime ionosphere in the American sector is largely depressed,which is similar to the daytime ionospheric response in the same longitude sector;while in the asian sector,only a small TEC increase is observed at nighttime,which is much weaker than the prominent daytime TEC enhancement in this longitude *** the recovery phase of the August 2018 storm,a slight TEC increase is observed on the night side at all longitudes,which is also weaker than the prominent daytime TEC *** the small-scale EPIs,they are enhanced and extended to higher latitudes during the main phase of both ***,during the recovery phases of the first storm,the EPIs are largely enhanced and suppressed in the asian and American sectors,respectively,while no prominent nighttime EPIs are observed during the second storm recovery *** clear north-south asymmetry of equatorial ionization anomaly crests during the second storm should be responsible for the suppression of EPIs during this *** addition,our results also suggest that the dusk side ionospheric response could be affecte

关键词： Geomagneitc storm Storm recovery phase Ionospheric response Equatorial plasma irregularity Longitudinal variations

Observations of equatorial plasma bubbles during the geomagnetic storm of October 2016

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earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第5期5卷 416-426页

作者： FuQing Huang JiuHou Lei Chao Xiong JiaHao Zhong GuoZhu Li Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Geospace environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Mengcheng National Geophysical observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Electronic Information school Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Planetary environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Beijing National observatory of Space environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

We investigated the variations of equatorial plasma bubbles(EPBs)in the East-asian sector during a strong geomagnetic storm in October 2016,based on observations from the Beidou geostationary(GEO)satellites,Swarm satellite and ground-based *** nighttime depletions of F region in situ electron density from Swarm and obvious nighttime EPBs in the Beidou GEO observations were observed on 13 October 2016 during the main ***,one interesting feature is that the rare and unique sunrise EPBs were triggered on 14 October 2016 in the main phase rather than during the recovery phase as reported by previous *** addition,the nighttime EPBs were suppressed during the whole recovery phase,and absent from 14 to 19 October ***,the minimum virtual height of F trace(h’F)at Sanya(18.3°N,109.6°E,MLAT 11.1°N)displayed obvious changes during these *** h’F was enhanced in the main phase and declined during the recovery phase,compared with the values at pre-and *** results indicate that the enhanced nighttime EPBs and sunrise EPBs during the main phase and the absence nighttime EPBs for many days during the recovery phase could be associated with storm-time electric field changes.

关键词： EPBs ionospheric irregularities Beidou GEO TEC geomagnetic storm electron density electric field

地下水中天然砷的迁移:以高砷地区中低砷含水层为例(英文)

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中国地质 2010年第3期37卷 723-729页

作者： Yan ZHENG school of earth and Enviromental Sciences Queens College City University of New York Flushing NY 11367 USA Lamont-Doherty earth observatory of Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 USA

研究表明饮用水中微小数量的砷会对人类健康产生不利影响。世界上居住在贫穷地区的人数超过了100万,目前他们正直接饮用来自含水层中砷离子含量(>10μg/L)非安全标准的地下水。砷有时称为毒中之王,在水环境中常常以五价氧化物形式出现。... 详细信息

研究表明饮用水中微小数量的砷会对人类健康产生不利影响。世界上居住在贫穷地区的人数超过了100万,目前他们正直接饮用来自含水层中砷离子含量(>10μg/L)非安全标准的地下水。砷有时称为毒中之王,在水环境中常常以五价氧化物形式出现。自2000年以来,许多国家开始执行更为严格的10μg/L(WHO认可的居民安全饮水标准)饮用水标准,可以确定地说,在世界范围内的饮用水中检测到砷的情况越来越多。亚洲地区砷中毒的人数比世界其他地区总和还多。最受影响的地区位于南亚和东南亚富砷带,环绕恒河—雅鲁藏布江—梅克纳河三角洲及恒河平原上游的冲洪积扇含水层、红河三角洲、湄公河和伊洛瓦底江;在中国境内包括内蒙黄河冲积盆地,山西大同盆地、新疆准噶尔盆地,其中的地下水富含砷和氟化物而引发砷中毒和氟中毒。尽管还未完全掌握其中的水文地质及生物地球化学作用的详细过程,但对大多数沉积介质含水层,在还原条件下砷离子容易从沉积介质转移到地下水中。孟加拉研究实例表明地质时期尺度的冲刷降低了沉积介质中的As和有机物含量从而形成低砷地下水。这一认识为孟加拉国的降砷策略提供了科学指导,是未来水文学,矿物学,地质学和生物地球化学方面很有意义的研究方向,并有利于地砷病区低砷地下水的可持续利用。

关键词：砷地下水地球化学

Annual Maps of Forests in Australia from Analyses of Microwave and Optical Images with FAO Forest Definition

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2021年第1期2021卷 134-144页

作者： Yuanwei Qin Xiangming Xiao Jean-Pierre Wigneron Philippe Ciais Josep G.Canadell Martin Brandt Xiaojun Li Lei Fan Xiaocui Wu Hao Tang Ralph Dubayah Russell Doughty Qing Chang Sean Crowell Bo Zheng Kevin Neal Jorge A.Celis Berrien MooreⅢ Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Earth Observation and ModelingUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA ISPA UMR 1391INRA Nouvelle-AquitaineBordeaux Villenave d’OrnonFrance Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversitéParis-Saclay91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere CanberraACTAustralia Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Geography National University of Singapore1 Arts LinkKent RidgeSingapore 117570 Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA O’Neill school of Public and environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington702 N Walnut Grove AveBloomingtonIN 47405USA College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Institute of environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

The Australian governmental agencies reported a total of 149 million ha forest in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)in 2010,ranking sixth in the world,which is based on a forest definition with tree height>2 ***,we report a new forest cover data product that used the FAO forest definition(tree cover>10%and tree height>5 meters at observation time or mature)and was derived from microwave(Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar,PALSAR)and optical(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS)images and validated with very high spatial resolution images,Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)data from the Ice,Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite(ICESat),and in situ field survey *** new PALSAR/MODIS forest map estimates 32 million ha of forest in 2010 over ***/MODIS forest map has an overall accuracy of~95%based on the reference data derived from visual interpretation of very high spatial resolution images for forest and nonforest cover *** with the canopy height and canopy coverage data derived from ICESat LiDAR strips,PALSAR/MODIS forest map has 73%of forest pixels meeting the FAO forest definition,much higher than the other four widely used forest maps(ranging from 36%to 52%).PALSAR/MODIS forest map also has a reasonable spatial consistency with the forest map from the National Vegetation Information *** new annual map of forests in Australia could support cross-country comparison when using data from the FAO Forest Resource Assessment Reports.

关键词： forest Forest PALSAR