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The Agricultural-Industrial Partnership for Eliminating Micronutrient Malnutrition: The Investment Bargain of the Decade

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 104-123页

作者： JOSEPH MICHAEL HUNT Senior Health and Nutrition Economist Asian Development Bank Manila Philippines

The limitations of conventional approaches to eliminating micronutrient deficiencies drives the search for a sustainable paradigm. This manuscript argues that the public and private sectors must embark on modernization of the asian food industry and reorientation of the international agricultural research complex so that nutritionally enriched essential foods will be affordable and accessible to the poor. It is recommended that this partnership take special care of the needs of asian children. The costs of chronic undernutrition, availability of cost effective strategies, and benefits of sustained nutrition improvement to individuals, families and nations are reviewed. The roles of food fortification, plant breeding and biotechnology, both actual and imminent, are described. The paper concludes that a recast Green Revolution directed to dietary quality may be the key to enhancing the learning and earning capacity of young asians of the new millenium. “No other technology offers as large an opportunity to improve lives\{…\}at such a low cost and in such a short time\{…\}” World bank [1] .

关键词： PRODUCTIVITY DEFICIENCY

A Security Trade-Off Scheme of Anomaly Detection System in IoT to Defend against Data-Tampering Attacks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4049-4069页

作者： Bing Liu Zhe Zhang Shengrong Hu Song Sun Dapeng Liu Zhenyu Qiu Zhejiang Institute of Industry and Information Technology Hangzhou310000China Digital Economy development Center of Zhejiang Hangzhou310000China College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing401331China bank of Suzhou Suzhou215000China Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310051China

Internet of Things(IoT)is vulnerable to data-tampering(DT)attacks.Due to resource limitations,many anomaly detection systems(ADSs)for IoT have high false positive rates when detecting DT attacks.This leads to the misreporting of normal data,which will impact the normal operation of IoT.To mitigate the impact caused by the high false positive rate of ADS,this paper proposes an ADS management scheme for clustered IoT.First,we model the data transmission and anomaly detection in clustered IoT.Then,the operation strategy of the clustered IoT is formulated as the running probabilities of all ADSs deployed on every IoT device.In the presence of a high false positive rate in ADSs,to deal with the trade-off between the security and availability of data,we develop a linear programming model referred to as a security trade-off(ST)model.Next,we develop an analysis framework for the ST model,and solve the ST model on an IoT simulation platform.Last,we reveal the effect of some factors on the maximum combined detection rate through theoretical analysis.Simulations show that the ADS management scheme can mitigate the data unavailability loss caused by the high false positive rates in ADS.

关键词： Network security Internet of Things data-tampering attack anomaly detection

Novel umami peptides from two Termitomyces mushrooms and molecular docking to the taste receptor T1R1/T1R3

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 1055-1064页

作者： Lanyun Zhang Li Zhang Jesus Pérez-Moreno Lu Bin Fengming Zhang Fuqiang Yu The Germplasm bank of Wild Species Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green DevelopmentKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China College of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China College of Food Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China Colegio Postgraduados Campus MontecilloEdafologíaTexcoco 56230México Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China

Wild edible Termitomyces mushrooms are popular in Southwest China and umami is important flavor qualities of edible mushrooms.This study aimed to understand the umami taste of Termitomyces intermedius and Termitomyces aff.bulborhizus.Ten umami peptides from aqueous extracts were separated using a Sephadex G-15 gel filtration chromatography.The intense umami fraction was evaluated by both sensory evaluation and electronic tongue.They were identified as KLNDAQAPK,DSTDEKFLR,VGKGAHLSGEH,MLKKKKLA,SLGFGGPPGY,TVATFSSSTKPDD,AMDDDEADLLLLAM,VEDEDEKPKEK,SPEEKKEEET and PEGADKPNK.Seven peptides,except VEDEDEKPKEK,SPEEKKEEET and PEGADKPNK were selectively synthesized to verify their taste characteristics.All these 10 peptides had umami or salt taste.The 10 peptides were conducted by molecular docking to study their interaction with identified peptides and the umami taste receptor T1R1/T1R3.All these 10 peptides perfectly docked the active residues in the T1R3 subunit.Our results provide theoretical basis for the umami taste and address the umami mechanism of two wild edible Termitomyces mushrooms.

关键词： Termitomyces Non-volatile flavor compounds Umami peptides Taste characteristics Molecular docking

A New Approach for Global Economic Governance:The New development bank’s Role

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Contemporary World 2023年第5期 22-27页

作者： [Brazil]Dilma Rousseff New development bank

THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC DYNAMICS AND ITS CHALLENGES,In our contemporary era,the world grapples with a profound sense of uncertainty,marked by a confluence of crises:a severe climate crisis,a stark surge in inequality,sluggish economic growth,and the rise of trade protectionism.These challenges intertwine with the disruption of global value chains,geopolitical turbulence and multifaceted conflicts,collectively fostering an environment where instability and insecurity have become the norm.

关键词： collective inequality turbulence

Data-Empowered High-Quality Economic development: Mechanisms and Pathways

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China Economist 2024年第3期19卷 39-48页

作者： Xia Jiechang Zheng Hao Zhang Yajun National Academy of Economic Strategy(NAES) Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijingChina China development bank Beijing BranchBeijing Business School University of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(UCASS)Beijing

To achieve high-quality economic development,it is imperative to prioritize the real economy and foster new factors for economic growth.Data,as a new factor of production,plays a pivotal role in facilitating the seamless integration between digital technology and the real economy.It possesses inherent attributes and techno-economic characteristics that enable the extraction of value across various processes,including production,transaction,consumption,and regulatory supervision.The integration with digital technology enhances the productivity and efficiency of the real economy by facilitating service sector digitalization,accelerating the growth of the new real economy,and supporting the virtual economy in its role of serving the real economy.At present,unleashing the value of data is hindered by inadequate fundamental systems for the data,a lack of activity in the transaction market,and the underutilization of the data as a factor of production by enterprises in the real economy.Therefore,it is advised that data be fully utilized to develop the real economy through the four-pronged approach of“enhancing support for the high-quality provision of the data,expediting the integration of the data into the real economy,promoting the high-quality development of the real economy,and enhancing public service and governance systems”.

关键词： Real economy data digital economy high-quality development

Crossing the Rivers by Touching the Stones:Alternative Approaches in Technical and Vocational Education and Training From the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

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ECNU Review of Education 2023年第4期6卷 654-676页

作者：哈巍杨钋 Youngsup Choi Sungsup Ra Ryotaro Hayashi Conor McCutcheon Peking University Korea University of Technology and Education asian development bank New York University

Purpose:This study aims to answer the following questions:(1)Why have attempts to transplant Western vocational education models failed?(2)Is there anything we can learn from the experiences of Eastern asian countries when developing their own vocational education models?Design/Approach/Methods:This study reviews the history of transplanting Western skill formation schemes into developing countries,an often-failed die-hard practice supported by both bilateral and multilateral donors.Findings:Our findings suggest that developing countries should design their technical and vocational education and training systems based on their unique cultural,sociological,and economic contexts.It offers two alternative pathways based on the experiences of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.Originality/Value:These East asian examples could broaden the perspectives of policymakers in developing countries aspiring to develop functional skill formation schemes.

关键词： Comparative education East Asia international development skill formation technical and vocational education and training

Research on the development Path of Green Marine Economy in the Era of Ecological Civilization

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Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 2024年第1期7卷 8-15页

作者： Yujie Zhuang Industrial and Commercial bank of China Qingdao 266000Shandong ProvinceChina

This article explores the development path of the green marine economy in the era of ecological civilization.It highlights the importance of developing a green marine economy and how it has become a global consensus.The article suggests that China should take proactive measures to optimize its marine industrial structure,promote marine scientific and technological innovation,strengthen marine resource protection and environmental governance,and enhance the competitiveness of the marine economy.The ultimate objective is to achieve sustainable development of the ocean,expand the blue economic space,and accomplish the goal of green marine economic development.

关键词： Ecological civilization Marine economy Sustainable development

Challenges and countermeasures for developing countries in addressing loss and damage caused by climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 353-363页

作者： Shuo LIU Yu-E LI Bin WANG An-Dong CAI Chao FENG Hua LAN Ruo-Chen ZHAO Institute of Environment and Sustainable development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China China Clean development Mechanism Fund Management Center Beijing 100045China School of International Law China University of Political Science and LawBeijing 100088China

Loss and damage caused by extreme climate events have attracted increasing attention.The 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter referred to as the Convention)has agreed to adopt Loss and Damage Fund agreement,which identified the source of funding and the funds to be entrusted to the World bank.However,there is still ambiguous that how to allocate the funds could accelerate the effectiveness of meeting the needs for developing countries.Pre-disaster prevention and preparedness is one of the most effective measures to deal with loss and damage,which closely related to adaptation.Previous studies rarely analyzed quantitatively the financial needs of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness relating to adaptation to reduce loss and damage.Based on the official reports submitted by countries under the Convention,this study analyzes the annual change in the total financial support provided by developed countries to developing countries,the proportion of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness in the adaptation needs of developing countries,and the progress in raising the current annual funding target of 100 billion USD for developed countries,to reveal the financial and technical challenges facing by developing countries on addressing loss and damage.The results show that by 2030,the total adaptation financial needs of developing countries are estimated to be about 3.8 trillion USD,of which pre-disaster prevention matters account for about 9%.Therefore,by 2030,developing countries will need about 342 billion USD in pre-disaster prevention and preparedness finance to withstand loss and damage.In addition,developing countries face a lack of technical methods to quantify information about their needs.Based on the above analysis,this study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions,including strengthening the allocation amount of loss and damage fund on pre-disaster warning,prevention and control actions,and establishing track modalities on the finance pr

关键词： Loss and damage Funding mechanism Pre-disaster warning and preparedness Convention negotiations Countermeasures

Achieving Coordinated Opening-Up and Security in Foreign Exchange Management in 2024

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China Forex 2024年第1期 12-14页

作者： ZHU Hexin the People's bank of China the State Administration of Foreign Exchange

2023 was the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 2oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,and it was a year of economic recovery and development following the transition period of COVID-19 prevention and control in the past three years.Over the past year,under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,China has withstood external pressures,overcome internal difficulties,and achieved a recovery in the economy.High-quality development has been steadily promoted,and solid steps have been taken in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

关键词： prevention overcome steps