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Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies—An Important Component of Poverty Reduction

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第Z1期 92-97页

作者： MARTIN W. BLOEM,REGINA MOENCH-PFANNER,LYNNDA KIESS Helen Keller International Regional Office asia pacific Helen Keller International Regional Office asia pacific Helen Keller International Regional Office asia pacific

In the late 1990s, the international development banks and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) convened to outline seven International Development Goals (IDGs) to reduce poverty by 2015. These goals incorporated both the economic and social dimensions of poverty. A two thirds reduction of child mortality and a three fourths reduction of maternal mortality from rates in 1990 by 2015 are two of these seven IDGs. There is a need for better combinations of cost effective strategies to reach these challenging goals by the year 2015. This paper discusses the potential usefulness of micronutrient deficiency control programs for this purpose.

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Evidence of Specific MJO Phase Occurrence with Summertime California Central Valley Extreme Hot Weather

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第6期36卷 589-602页

作者： Yun-Young LEE Richard GROTJAHN asia-pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California

This study examines associations between California Central Valley(CCV) heat waves and the Madden Julian Oscillation(MJO). These heat waves have major economic impact. Our prior work showed that CCV heat waves are frequently preceded by convection over the tropical Indian and eastern pacific oceans, in patterns identifiable with MJO phases. The main analysis method is lagged composites(formed after each MJO phase pair) of CCV synoptic station temperature, outgoing longwave radiation(OLR), and velocity potential(VP). Over the CCV, positive temperature anomalies occur only after the Indian Ocean(phases 2-3) or eastern pacific Ocean(phases 8-1) convection(implied by OLR and VP fields). The largest fractions of CCV hot days occur in the two weeks after onset of those two phase pairs. OLR and VP composites have significant subsidence and convergence above divergence over the CCV during heat waves, and these structures are each part of larger patterns having significant areas over the Indian and pacific Oceans. Prior studies showed that CCV heat waves can be roughly grouped into two clusters: Cluster 2 is preceded by a heat wave over northwestern North America, while Cluster 1 is not. OLR and VP composite analyses are applied separately to these two clusters. However, for Cluster 2, the subsidence and VP over the CCV are not significant, and the large-scale VP pattern has low correlation with the MJO lagged composite field. Therefore, the association between the MJO convection and subsequent CCV heat wave is more evident in Cluster 1 than Cluster 2.

关键词： MJO heat wave large-scale meteorological pattern extratropical response tropical convection

Health systems perspectives - infectious diseases of poverty

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 107-109页

作者： Dale Huntington asia pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies WHO/WPROManilaPhilippines

The right to health as a fundamental human right is enshrined in the World Health Organization’s charter and has been reaffirmed in international agreements spanning *** new journal reminds us of the essential characteristic of poverty as a violent abuse of human *** context of poverty–its social,political and economic dimensions–remain in the reader’s mind as evidence is provided on technical solutions to managing the infectious diseases that afflict poor populations *** a health systems framework to a discussion on infectious diseases of poverty emerges from the papers in this journal’s first *** of the articles discuss treatments,indicating the importance of pharmaceuticals for neglected *** strategies to reach impoverished populations also figure within this first round of *** programs that provide diagnostics and treatment for infectious diseases to hard-to-reach rural and urban communities are needed clearly needed,and some good examples are discussed *** editions will explore other health system components,broadening the evidence base to increase understanding of effective and sustainable interventions to reduce the burden of infectious disease among the *** editors are to be congratulated on the release of this inaugural issue of the journal Infectious Diseases of *** look forward to reading subsequent editions.

关键词： journal poverty neglected

Genesis and tectonic setting of Early Jurassic granitic rocks in Huashan Town,Xingcheng,western Liaoning

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Global Geology 2024年第1期27卷 1-19页

作者： ZHAO Junfeng LI Weimin LIU Tongjun GAO Jinhui College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast asia Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangchun 130026China

There are a large number of Mesozoic intrusive and volcanic rocks in western Liaoning of China,which is an ideal place to study the Mesozoic Paleo-pacific subduction processes,and lithospheric destruc-tion of North China *** petrographic,zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical studies of the Early Jurassic granites in Huashan pluton,Xingcheng,western Liaoning,indicate that the Early Jurassic granites were formed at 184-174 Ma,mainly composed of syenite and *** geochemical characteristics show high contents of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3)and Na_(2)O+K_(2)O,low contents of Fe_(2)O_(3)and MgO,enrichment in LREEs and LILEs,and depletion in HREEs and HFSEs,and have a high content of Sr and low contents of Y and Yb,with weak negative Eu anomalies and slightly negative anomalies of Ce,indicating that they are a set of intermediate-acidic adakitic granites in high-K calc-alkaline *** the facts significantly suggest that the Early Jurassic adakitic granites were formed at the active continental margin in the context of Paleo-pacific plate subduction.

关键词： geochemistry petrology adakite North China Craton western Liaoning

Analysis of Immune Responses and Serological Cross Reactivities among Vibrio cholerae O1,Shigella flexneri 2a and Haemophilus influenzae b

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第5期5卷 393-396页

作者： Fazle Rabbi Nasreen Sultana Tasmina Rahman H. M. Al-Emran M. Nizam Uddin Mahbub Hossain Kazi Selim Anwar Mahmuda Yasmin Jamalun Nessa Chowdhury R. Ahsan Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Institute of Public Health Mohakhali

Antigenic determinants expressed on the bacterial cell surface are of importance in the serological characterization and microbiological diagnosis. The bacterial strains carrying these identical or similar antigenic epitopes might react with antibodies produced against other strains. In this study, strong immunogenicity and antigenic cross reactivity were demonstrated among V. cholerae O1, S. flexnerii 2a and H. influenzae b surface components. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） results were supported by Western blot analysis, where at least 20 antigenic bands, were obtained in each of the reactions, when the surface components were reacted with the homologous antisera. The indirect ELISA results also demonstrated high degree of antigenic relatedness between the surface components of these species, where each surface component was reacted with the heterologous antisera. Western blot analysis also revealed cross reactions between the surface components suggesting common distribution of antigens/epitopes in these bacterial species. This study, thus, gave a clear idea of the level of antigenic sharing and variations among the pathogenic V. cholerae O1, S. flexneri 2a and H. influenzae b strains, which in future, may help in selecting a proper candidate for vaccines and immunodiagnostics development.

关键词： V. cholerae O1 S. flexnerii 2a H. influenzae b cross antigen

Accelerating snail vector genomics

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 6-10页

作者： Pennance Tom Rollinson David College of Osteopathic Medicine of the pacific – Northwest Western University of Health Sciences Lebanon OR USA Global Schistosomiasis Alliance Ealing Cross Uxbridge Road Ealing London W5BW UK Science Department Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW5BD UK

The three most important genera of snails for the transmission of schistosomes areBulinus,Biomphalaria andOncomelania. Each of these genera, found in two distantly related families, includes species that act as the intermediate host for one of the three most widespread schistosome species infecting humans,Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni andS. japonicum, respectively. An important step in the fight against schistosomiasis in asia has been taken with the publication of the article "Chromosome-level genome assembly ofOncomelania hupensis: the intermediate snail host ofSchistosoma japonicum", which means that genomes for all three major genera, including species across three continents, are now available in the public domain. This includes the first genomes of African snail vectors, namelyBiomphalaria sudanica,Bi. pfeifferi andBulinus truncatus, as well as high-quality chromosome level assemblies for South AmericanBi. glabrata. Most importantly, the wealth of new genomic and transcriptomic data is helping to establish the specific molecular mechanisms that underly compatibility between snails and their schistosomes, which although diverse and complex, may help to identify potential targets dictating host parasite interactions that can be utilised in future transmission control strategies. This new work onOncomelania hupensis and indeed studies on other snail vectors, which provide deep insights into the genome, will stimulate research that may well lead to new and much needed control interventions.

关键词： Oncomelania Bulinus Biomphalaria Snail vectors Genomics

Exploring hidden-charm and hidden-strange hexaquark states from lattice QCD

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 30-37页

作者： Hang Liu Jinchen He Liuming Liu Peng Sun Wei Wang Yi-Bo Yang Qi-An Zhang INPAC Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologySchool of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics Department of PhysicsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China International Centre for Theoretical Physics asia-pacific Beijing 100049/Hangzhou 310024China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China

Based on five different ensembles of newly generated(2+1)-flavor configurations with pion mass of approximately mπ■(140-310)MeV,we present a lattice analysis of hidden-charm and hidden-strange hexaquarks with the quark content■.The correlation matrices of two types of operators with JPC=0++,0-+,1++and 1--are simulated to extract the masses of the hexaquark candidates,which are subsequently extrapolated to the physical pion mass and continuum *** results indicate that ground state masses are below the■threshold and provide a characteristic signal for the experimental discovery of hexaquark candidates,which may enrich the versatile structure of multiquarks;moreover,it is an indispensable step to decipher the nonperturbative nature of the fundamental interactions of quarks and gluons.

关键词： quantum chromodynamics lattice QCD multiquark states

China＇s Ministry of Environmental Protection Adopted Draft Amendment to the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第6期10卷 1-2页

作者： Fu Sun Yi Liu School of Environment and asia-pacific Center for Water Security Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

China＇s Ministry of Environmental Protection （MEP） adopted in principle the Draft Amendment to the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution （LPCWP） on October 18th 2016 [1]. This marks another major move of the Chinese government to fight against water pollution after the implementation of the Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in 2015.

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Progress and Future Development of Lancang-Mekong Cooperation

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国际问题研究 2018年第3期 199-215页

作者： Liu Qing Department for asia-pacific Security and Cooperation China Institute of International Studies (CIIS)

Situated along the Lancang-Mekong River are China and the five ASEAN countries of Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. They have much in common and are keen for close cooperation, which led to the launch of the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation （LMC） mechanism in 2016. Over the past two years, the LMC has increasingly expanded its influence in sub-regional cooperation, becoming an important model for China and neighboring countries seeking to build a community of shared future.

关键词： Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Future Development