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Morphological parameters and genetic diversity of progenies from seed production areas and unimproved stands of teak(Tectona grandis L.f.)in India

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Journal of Forestry research 2013年第4期24卷 653-658页

作者： N.Lyngdoh Geeta Joshi G.Ravikanth R.Vasudeva R.Uma Shaanker Tree Improvement and Propagation Division Institute of Wood Sciences and Technology 18th Cross MalleswaramBangalore School of ecology and Conservation University of Agricultural Sciences Banga- lore 560065India ashoka trust for research in ecology and the environment royal enclave SrirampuraJakkur PostBangalore- 560064India Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement College of Forestry Sirsi581401KarnatakaIndia Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore 560065India

We compared morphological and genetic attributes of prog- eny obtained from three seed production areas （SPAs） and three corre- sponding unimproved stands （UIS） of teak （Tectona grandis L.f） at three broad teak growing regions in the state of Karnataka, India. In general, seed morphological parameters such as seed weight, seed size and seed emptiness were significantly superior in SPAs compared to UISs. Seed germination percentage was also higher in seeds from SPAs. Seedling performance measured at two monthly intervals for six months was ob- served to be superior in SPAs at two of the three regions compared. Although the genetic diversity of progeny of SPAs was lower than UIS at all regions, the values were moderately high. Germination percent was positively correlated with fruit weight and kernel weight per seed, while diversity indices were negatively correlated with fruit weight, fruit di- ameter and kernel weight per seed. SPAs proved important as a source of moderately improved planting material with no severe threat to the ge- netic diversity of future plantations.

关键词： ISSR tree improvement Shannon index teak plantations percent polymorphism

Floral resources, pollinators and fruiting in a threatened tropical deciduous tree

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Journal of Plant ecology 2011年第4期4卷 259-267页

作者： Manju V.Sharma R.Uma Shaanker Simon R.Leather R.Vasudeva Kundaranahalli R.Shivanna ashoka trust for research in ecology and the environment Royal EnclaveSrirampuraJakkur POBangalore 560064India Division of Biology Imperial College LondonSilwood Park CampusAscotBerkshire SL57PYUK Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesGKVKBangalore 560065India Department of Forest Biology College of ForestrySirsiUttara Kannada DistrictIndia

Nothapodytes nimmoniana(Family Icacinaceae)is a deciduous tree species distributed in Asia facing severe population *** chips from the tree are a source of camptothecin,a globally soughtafter alkaloid with cancer-treating properties,and are harvested unsustainably in natural *** studied the pollination ecology of the species and asked if there are constraints in pollination and fruiting success in its natural *** also discuss the potential effects of wood extraction on pollinators and reproductive success in the *** The study was carried out during the flowering season in two populations with varying exploitation levels,both located in the Protected Area Network in the Western Ghats of Karnataka *** assessed floral resource availability and measured pollinator diversity and activity in the canopy from the perspective of the biology of the *** quantified pollinator abundance and percent fruit set as a function of population *** Findings Flowers belong to the fly pollination syndrome and are open to visits by generalists such as Apis dorsata and Trigona *** success did not vary between exploited and unexploited sites,but there was a significant difference in pollinator *** a lean male flowering year,fruit set was low,suggesting pollen limitation in the *** fruiting was recorded in the second year at the site where trees were felled soon after the flowering *** argue that when male floral resources are altered in exploited populations,pollinators of generalist nature may show a shift in foraging ***,generalist plants may be as susceptible to pollination loss as are specialist *** need for outcrossing in the species would probably exacerbate this vulnerability.

关键词： fruit set generalist over-harvest pollen limitation pollinator assemblage

The influence of abiotic and spatial variables on woody and herbaceous species abundances in a woodland-grassland system in the Eastern Terai of India

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Journal of Plant ecology 2022年第1期15卷 155-167页

作者： Dhritiman Das Subham Banerjee John Lehmkuhl Jagdish Krishnaswamy Robert John Academy of Conservation Science and Sustainability Studies Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment(ATREE)Royal EnclaveSriramapuraJakkur PostBangalore 560064India Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme Durrell Wildlife Conservation TrustLes Augres ManorLa Profonde RueTrinityJersey JE35BPChannel Islands Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchKolkataRoom 214Research ComplexMohanpur 741246West BengalIndia USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research StationWenatcheeWA 98801USA

The environmental factors that influence tree-grass abundances in tropical savanna and grasslands are not well understood,particularly for woodland-grassland mosaics in humid *** studied the effects of abiotic and spatial variables on woody and herbaceous species distributions in a Terai ecosystem of northeastern *** evaluated the importance of climatic and non-climatic factors that maintain variable tree-grass ratios across the landscape,and also accounted for spatial connectivity and *** measured species abundances of woody and herbaceous plant species in 134 plots with each 30 m×30 m in a 519 km^(2)protected Terai habitat,and derived several climatic and non-climatic environmental *** constructed variables based on different models of spatial connectivity among sites,to test their influence on species *** then used redundancy analyses and variation partitioning to quantify the importance of environmental variables and spatial structure on variation in tree-grass *** found that environmental variables including rainfall,fire,water stress,topography and soil nutrients had statistically significant effects on species abundance and tree-grass *** structure was significant,and the best spatial model was an inverse distance-weighted model with linkage extending to 23.5 km,indicating weak dispersal *** 21%of the variation in species abundance was explained by the selected environmental and spatial *** results indicate that dynamic plant communities in which spatial-temporal variation in environmental factors may drive stochasticity in species distribution and abundance,thus dominantly influencing on the vegetation mosaic.

关键词： woodland-grassland Eastern Terai Manas National Park variation partitioning ground fires spatial connectivity

Functional trait and community phylogenetic analyses reveal environmental filtering as the major determinant of assembly of tropical forest tree communities in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 345-360页

作者： K.Nagaraju Shivaprakash B.R.Ramesh Ramanan Umashaanker Selvadurai Dayanandan Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics Biology Department Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke WestMontrealQC H4BIR6Canada Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences 1205Dr.Penfield AvenueMontreal QC H3A1B1Canada Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Ashoka Trust for Research In Ecology and the EnvironmentRoyal Enclave SriramapuraJakkur PostBangaloreKarnataka 560064India French Institute of Pondicherry 11 Saint Louis StreetP.O.Box 33Pondicherry 605001India Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesBangalore India.

Background: Improved understanding of the processes shaping the assembly of tropical tree communities is crucial for gaining insights into the evolution of forest communities and biological diversity. The climate is thought to be the first order determinant of abundance and distribution patterns of tree species with contrasting traits such as evergreen and deciduous leaf phenology. However, the relative role of neutral, and niche-based processes in the evolution of these patterns remain poorly ***: Here, we perform an integrated analysis of the data on tree species abundance, functional traits and community phylogeny from a network of 96 forest plots, each 1 ha in size, distributed along a broad environmental gradient in the central Western Ghats, India. Then, we determine the relative importance of various process in assembly and structuring of tropical forest communities with evergreen and deciduous leaf ***: The deciduous leaf phenological trait has repeatedly evolved among multiple distantly related lineages. Tree communities in dry deciduous forests were phylogenetically clustered and showed a low range and variance of functional traits related to light harvesting, reproduction, and growth suggesting niche-based processes such as environmental filtering play a vital role in the assembly of tree communities in these forests. The external factors such as human-mediated disturbance also significantly, but to a lesser extent, influences the species and phylogenetic ***: These findings revealed that the environmental filtering plays a significant role in assembly of tree communities in the biologically diverse tropical forests in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.

关键词： Functional traits Phylogenetic turnover Deciduous Evergreen Niche-based processes Human disturbance

A New Species of Euphlyctis (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the West Coastal Plains of India

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Asian Herpetological research 2016年第4期7卷 229-241页

作者： Hebbar PRITI Chandrakanth Rukkappa NAIK Kadaba Shamanna SESHADRI RamitSINGAL Madhava Kulkarni VIDISHA Gudasalmani RAVIKANTH KotambyluVasudeva GURURAJA ashoka trust for research in ecology and the environment (ATREE) Royal Enclave Sriramapura Jakkur (P.O) Bangalore 560054 India Manipal University Manipal 576104 India Wildlife Range Kumbaravada Nujji Section Dandeli Anshi Tiger Reserve Joida Taluk 581187 India Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 Block S3 Singapore Independent researcher B-14 Law Apartments Karkardooma Delhi 110092 India Gubbi Labs LLP Science and Media Center WS-5 I Floor Entrepreneurship Center Indian Institute of Science Campus Bengaluru 560012 India Srishti Institute of Art Design and Technology N4 Yelahanka New Town Bengaluru 560064 India

The genus Euphlyctis is widely distributed across Southwestern Arabian Peninsula into parts of Southeast Asia. Five of the seven known Euphlyctis species are found within the Indian subcontinent. Here, we describe a new species, Euphlyctis karaavali sp. nov. from South-west coast of India, which was discovered during surveys engaging citizens. This species was identified to be distinct based on molecular and morphological evidence. We provide a detailed description of this species along with its call description and compare it with closest congeners. Previous studies in the region had identified this species as E. hexadactylus but suggested the possibility of it being cryptic. Genetically E. karaavali sp. nov. is distinct from E. hexadactylus with a genetic divergence of 9.2% （12S and 16S） and shows a high divergence with E. kalasgramensis and E. ehrenbergii （13.04% each）. Our findings are discussed in the context of cryptic species discovery, citizen engagement in scientific progress and conservation measures while suggesting future directions.

关键词： Karaavali skittering frog citizen science molecular identification agriculture cryptic species

Temporal and spatial comparisons of angiosperm diversity between eastern Asia and North America

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National Science Review 2022年第6期9卷 38-42页

作者： Haihua Hu Jianfei Ye Bing Liu Lingfeng Mao Stephen A.Smith Russell L.Barrett Pamela S.Soltis Douglas E.Soltis Zhiduan Chen Limin Lu State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-Africa Joint research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Botanical Garden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan National Herbarium of New South Wales Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Department of Biology University of Florida

Comparative approaches that examine floras with similar environments, but different diversity patterns, provide good opportunities to elucidate how uneven distributions of biodiversity were assembled. Eastern Asia(EA) and North America north of Mexico(NA; see definitions of EA and NA in Fig. S1 A) share similar geographical environments with comparable latitude, land area and climate,

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Notes for genera:Ascomycota

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第5期86卷 1-594页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Kevin D.Hyde Kunhiraman C.Rajeshkumar David L.Hawksworth Hugo Madrid Paul M.Kirk Uwe Braun Rajshree V.Singh Pedro W.Crous Martin Kukwa Robert Lücking Cletus P.Kurtzman Andrey Yurkov Danny Haelewaters Andre´Aptroot H.Thorsten Lumbsch Einar Timdal Damien Ertz Javier Etayo Alan J.L.Phillips Johannes Z.Groenewald Moslem Papizadeh Laura Selbmann Monika C.Dayarathne Gothamie Weerakoon E.B.Gareth Jones Satinee Suetrong Qing Tian Rafael F.Castanda-Ruiz Ali H.Bahkali Ka-Lai Pang Kazuaki Tanaka Dong Qin Dai Jariya Sakayaroj Martina Hujslová Lorenzo Lombard Belle D.Shenoy Ave Suija Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Kasun M.Thambugala Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Bharati O.Sharma Subhash Gaikwad Gargee Pandit Laura Zucconi Silvano Onofri Eleonora Egidi Huzefa A.Raja Rampai Kodsueb Marcela E.S.Caceres Sergio Perez-Ortega Patrícia O.Fiuza Josiane Santana Monteiro Larissa N.Vasilyeva Roger G.Shivas Maria Prieto Mats Wedin Ibai Olariaga Adebola Azeez Lateef Yamini Agrawal Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Guo Zhu Zhao Walter P.Pfliegler Gunjan Sharma Magdalena Oset Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Susumu Takamatsu Konstanze Bensch Nimali Indeewari de Silva AndréDe Kesel Anuruddha Karunarathna Saranyaphat Boonmee Donald H.Pfister Yong-Zhong Lu Zong-Long Luo Nattawut Boonyuen Dinushani A.Daranagama Indunil C.Senanayake Subashini C.Jayasiri Milan C.Samarakoon Xiang-Yu Zeng Mingkwan Doilom Luis Quijada Sillma Rampadarath Gabriela Heredia Asha J.Dissanayake Ruvishika S.Jayawardana Rekhani H.Perera Li Zhou Tang Chayanard Phukhamsakda Margarita Hernańdez-Restrepo Xiaoya Ma Saowaluck Tibpromma Luis F.P.Gusmao Darshani Weerahewa Samantha C.Karunarathna Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Mushroom research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand National Fungal Culture Collection of India(NFCCI) Biodiversity and Palaeobiology(Fungi)GroupAgharkar Research InstitutePuneMaharashtra 411004India royal Botanic Gardens KewRichmondSurrey TW93DSUK Department of Life Sciences The Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China Centro de Geno´mica y Bioinforma´tica Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Mayor de ChileCamino La Pira´mide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Martin-Luther-Universita¨t Institut fu¨r BiologieBereich Geobotanik und Botanischer GartenHerbariumNeuwerk 2106099 Halle(Saale)Germany Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Gdan´skWita Stwosza 5980-308 Gdan´skPoland Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Königin-Luise-Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization ResearchAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgriculturePeoriaIL 61604USA Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures Inhoffenstraße 7B38124 BrunswickGermany Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany Harvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA ABL Herbarium G.v.d.Veenstraat 1073762 XK SoestThe Netherlands Science&Education The Field Museum1400

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to *** genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been *** names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular *** ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic *** order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single *** present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are *** and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are *** notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since *** work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic *** will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and *** species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are trans

关键词： Article 59 Classification One name Pleomorphic fungi Taxonomy