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Genetic variation of wood tracheid traits and their relationships with growth and wood density in clones of Pinus tabuliformis

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Journal of forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 1014-1023页

作者： Fangqun Ouyang Jianwei Ma Sanping An Junhui Wang Yuhui Weng State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China Research Institute of forestry of Xiaolong Mountain Tianshui 741020 Gansu People's Republic of China Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA

To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid traits by earlywood （EW） and latewood （LW）： tracheid length （TL）, double wall thickness （WT）, radial lumen diameter （R_D1）, tangential lumen diameter （T_D1）, radial central diameter （R_D2）, and tangential central diameter （T_D2）. We also studied the relationship with the following growth traits： diameter at breast height （DBH）, height （H）, crown breadth south-north axis （NSC）, crown breadth east-west axis （EWC）, ring width （RW）, latewood percentage （LWP）, and wood density （WD）. All sample materials were collected from a 33-year old clonal seed orchard of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Genetic variation among clones was moderate for all tracheid traits, 9.49-26.03%. Clones significantly affected WT, R_D1, R_D2, T_D1, T_D2, and the two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 in EW but had no effects in LW. Clones significantly affected TL in LW but had no effects in EW. H2/C was higher in LW （0.50） than in EW （0.20） for TL, while H 2/C was higher in EW （0.27-0.46） for other tracheid traits and the two ratios （TL/T_D2 and WT/R_D1） than in EW （0.06-0.22）. WD and TL were significantly positively correlated, but WT and TL were negatively correlated both at individual and clone levels; all tracheid diameters and the four ratio values （EW_WT/ R_D1, LW WT/R_D1, EW_TL/T_D2 and LW_TL/ T_D2）, were strongly positively correlated with DBH, H, NSC, WEC and RW, and strongly negatively correlated with WD both at individual and clone levels. The most important variables for predicting WD were LW_TL, EW_WT and R_D1 in both EW and LW （r2= 0.22）. Selecting the top 10% of the clones by DBH would improve DBH growth by 12.19% （wood density was reduced by 0.14%） and produced similar responses between EW and LW for all tracheid traits： a reduction of 0.94 and 3.69% in tracheid length and increases in tracheid diameters （from 0.36 to 5.24%） and d

关键词： Pinus tabuliformis Clone Tracheid traits Wood density Genetic variation Correlation coefficient

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Effects of fertilization and herbicides on growth of young loblolly pine and infestations of Nantucket pine tip moth（Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）

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Insect Science 2005年第5期12卷 367-374页

作者： WILLIAM G. ROSS DAVID L. KULHAVY JIANG-HUA SUN School of forestry Louisiana Tech University Ruston Louisiana Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches Texas USA State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

2 岁的松种植园被选择接受化肥和除草剂的处理在 Nantucket 松尖端蛾群袭和高度，直径和卷增长的树生长参数上评估效果。氮和磷化肥， andhexazinone 和 sulfometuron 甲基除草剂在创造六个处理被使用：(ⅰ) 控制；(ⅱ) 磷；(ⅲ) 氮和磷... 详细信息

2 岁的松种植园被选择接受化肥和除草剂的处理在 Nantucket 松尖端蛾群袭和高度，直径和卷增长的树生长参数上评估效果。氮和磷化肥， andhexazinone 和 sulfometuron 甲基除草剂在创造六个处理被使用：(ⅰ) 控制；(ⅱ) 磷；(ⅲ) 氮和磷；(ⅳ) 磷和除草剂；(ⅴ) 氮，磷和除草剂；并且(ⅵ) 除草剂。处理在 1987 和 1988 被使用。在 1987，与氮，磷和除草剂对待的树比不接受化肥处理的树有显著地更大的高度，直径和体积生长，但是没比控制树有显著地更高的尖端蛾群袭。除了氮 and/phosphorus，收到磷的处理仅仅比另外的处理有低得多的尖端蛾群袭率。在 1988，尖端蛾群袭是一致地低的，没有在观察的处理效应的差别。

关键词：施肥方法除草剂火炬松虫害蛀虫生长因子

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基于多站扫描的点云特征参数与材积结构动态分析

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） 2019年第6期43卷 83-90页

作者：蒋佳文温小荣顾海波张峥男刘方舟张严利孙圆南京林业大学林学院江苏南京210037 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心江苏南京210037 南京林业大学信息学院江苏南京210037 Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F.Austin State UniversityNacogdochesTX 75962USA

【目的】采用地面激光雷达(TLS)进行多站点扫描获取立木的点云信息,提取有关点云分布的特征参数,拓展立木测树因子,建立基于特征参数的材积模型。【方法】以马褂木(Liriodendron chinense)人工林为研究对象,利用点云数据提供的立木上部... 详细信息

【目的】采用地面激光雷达(TLS)进行多站点扫描获取立木的点云信息,提取有关点云分布的特征参数,拓展立木测树因子,建立基于特征参数的材积模型。【方法】以马褂木(Liriodendron chinense)人工林为研究对象,利用点云数据提供的立木上部直径(d)、树高(H)等因子对两期(2014、2017年)林分结构变化进行分析;设计并提取基于TLS点云的特征参数高度累计百分比,同时提取了其他与高度相关的特征参数作为一组变量;将提取的立木胸径(DBH)与特征参数作为另一组变量;最后分析特征参数、胸径与材积的相关性,通过逐步回归法分别建立基于两组变量的材积模型,并分析两期材积的动态变化。【结果】选用特征参数H25与Ht,var(点云高度方差)拟合两期材积模型,其决定系数R2分别为0.7711、0.7426;利用特征参数H25与胸径拟合,模型预测精度有明显的提升。以上两组材积模型预测各径阶材积变化,其模型值与实测值无显著差异,R2均高于0.9。【结论】研究提取的高度累计百分比与立木测树因子紧密相关,可以很好地反演林木的动态结构。研究建立的材积模型均有较高的精度,可用于林木材积动态变化监测,为地面激光扫描点云参与森林资源动态监测提供理论参考。

关键词：林分结构动态变化地面激光雷达材积模型马褂木

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The Effect of Sodium Chloride on Hybrid Taxodium Selections

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第5期11卷 408-420页

作者： Anna Koonce Edward Bush David Creech California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Department of agriculture Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches TX USA

Saltwater intrusion is a major cause of coastal erosion. New hybrid bald cypress species have been shown to exhibit salinity tolerance compared to native bald cypress species. Planting these hybrids, or Nanjing Bot Garden genotype (NBG), trees where their roots can stabilize soil and preserve land may reduce coastal erosion in areas subjected to saltwater intrusion. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether or not selected bald cypress NBG genotype tree species survive better than native bald cypress trees in areas inundated with saline water. Leaves were harvested, dried and analyzed for their elemental concentration. NBG genotype trees excluded more sodium than native bald cypress trees. NBG genotype tree roots were also less effected by brackish water. Finally, the growth of the NBG genotype trees and the control were measured. All NBG genotype trees tested showed growth while the control trees maintained little or no growth, and a decrease in tree height in sodic soil. If these NBG genotype trees are subjected to a surge of brackish water, NBG genotype bald cypress trees may be used to stabilize soil that may be otherwise subject to coastal erosion.

关键词： Salt Water Intrusion Brackish Water Coastal Erosion Taxodium Genotypes

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Web-Based Spatial Decision Support System andWatershed Management with a Case Study

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International Journal of Geosciences 2011年第3期2卷 195-203页

作者： Yanli Zhang Ramanathan Sugumaran Matthew McBroom John DeGroote Rebecca L Kauten Paul K Barten Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Department of Geography University of Northern Iowa Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources

In order to maintain a proper balance between development pressure and water resources protection, and also to improve public participation, efficient tools and techniques for soil and water conservation projects are needed. This paper describes the development and application of a web-based watershed management spatial decision support system, WebWMPI. The WebWMPI uses the Watershed Management Priority Indices (WMPI) approach which is a prioritizing method for watershed management planning and it integrates land use/cover, hydrological data, soils, slope, roads, and other spatial data. The land is divided into three categories: Conservation Priority Index (CPI) land, Restoration Priority Index (RPI) land, and Stormwater Management Priority Index (SMPI) land. Within each category, spatial factors are rated based on their influence on water resources and critical areas can be identified for soil conservation, water quality protection and improvement. The WebWMPI has user-friendly client side graphical interfaces which enable the public to interactively run the server side Geographic Information System to evaluate different scenarios for watershed planning and management. The system was applied for Dry Run Creek watershed (Cedar Falls, Iowa, US) as a demonstration and it can be easily used in other watersheds to prioritize crucial areas and to increase public participation for soil and water conservation projects.

关键词： Web-Based SDSS Watershed Management GIS

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Resin Production in Natural and Artificial Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavity Trees

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Open Journal of forestry 2015年第4期5卷 364-374页

作者： David L. Kulhavy Kimberly B. Rozelle William G. Ross Daniel R. Unger Richard N. Conner Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches TX USA School of forestry Louisiana Tech University Rustin LA USA U. S. Department of agriculture Forest Service (Retired) Southern Research Station Nacogdoches TX USA

Resin flow was measured in red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot) clusters in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in the southern region of the Angelina National Forest, Texas. Resin flow (ml) at 1.4 m height over 24 hrs was measured from one 2.5 cm punch through the phloem between 0700 and 1000 hrs from March 1999 to September 2000, for a total of 9 measurements per tree. Resin was sampled in naturally active cavity trees, artificial (insert) active, natural inactive, artificial inactive and control pines (84 sample trees). Resin flow pattern was significantly different during the year, but not significantly different in the cavity tree type resin flow. Cavity trees in the 90th percentile (>33.0 ml resin in 24 hrs) were defined as super resin producing. High average resin flows in August 1999 and September 2000 indicate when to sample resin for potential cavity trees. Regression equations were produced to estimate future resin production.

关键词： Endangered Species Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Resin Sampling Super Resin Producers Cavity Trees

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Study on Dormancy Mechanism and Breaking Dormancy Method of <i>Viburnum sargentii</i>Seeds

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 65-78页

作者： Qian Zhang Ying Li Xia Sun Shiyan Xing Wei Cong Xuejun Liu forestry college of Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China college of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agriculture University Tai’an China Inspection and Testing Center of Longkou Yantai China Bamboo Forest temple Management Area of Mount Tai Management Committee Tai’an China

Under untreated conditions, the germination rate of Viburnum sargentii seeds is very low. By exploring the relationship between the dynamic changes of physicochemical indicators and endogenous hormones and seed germination during the dormancy and germination of Viburnum sargentii seeds, the mechanism of seed germination of Viburnum sargentii was determined, which provided a theoretical basis for its extensive promotion and development. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble starch were determined by anthrone colorimetry. The soluble protein was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining. The activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was determined by NBT reduction method. The peroxidase (POD) was determined by guaiacol method. And the endogenous hormones ZA, IAA, ABA, GA3 were determined by liquid chromatography. Results show: 1) Under natural conditions, the seeds of Viburnum sargentii are difficult to germinate. 2) Under sand storage for 8 months, the germination rate of untreated seeds was 33%. Puncture and peeling treatment could significantly increase the germination rate, and the germination rate of seeds treated with puncture was 92%, and that treated with peel was 98%. 3) Seed germination was accompanied by the decrease in macromolecular substances such as soluble sugar, soluble starch, and soluble protein. 4) The dynamic changes of hormones during seed germination conform to the hypothesis of “three factors”. 5) The treatment of puncture and peeling increased the content of endogenous hormones promoting germination, decreased the endogenous hormones inhibiting seed germination, and increased the ratio of (IAA + GA + ZR)/ABA or GA/ABA. The seeds of Viburnum sargentii have obvious dormancy characteristics. Under the condition of sand storage, both pricking and peeling treatment can effectively promote the process of breaking dormancy, and the effect of peeling treatment is better.

关键词： Viburnum sargentii Dormancy Mechanism Endogenous Hormones Breaking Dormancy

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Hydrogenation of Pyrolysis Oil from Loblolly Pine Residue

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Paper And Biomaterials 2020年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： Ajoy Kanti Mondal Chengrong Qin arthur JRagauskas Yonghao Ni Fang Huang college of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian Province350108China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp&Papermaking and Pollution Control NanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region530004China Department of forestry Wildlifeand FisheriesCenter for Renewable CarbonUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureKnoxvilleTennessee37996USA Joint Institute for Biological Science Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonE3B 5A3Canada Institute of Fuel Research and Development Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchDhaka-1205Bangladesh

Loblolly pine residue prepared with and without zeolite ZSM-5 was pyrolyzed at 600℃ and the pyrolysis oil was hydrogenated using formic acid as a hydrogen source, in the presence of a Ru/activated carbon catalyst. As indicated by the pyrolysis yield, addition of the zeolite ZSM-5 increased the yield of light oil but decreased the yield of heavy oil. The pyrolysis oils were analyzed by 13C-,31P-,19F-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), and heteronuclear single quantum coherence or heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance(HSQC-NMR), demonstrating that the zeolite ZSM-5 can efficiently induce decarboxylation reactions and decrease the content of aliphatic hydroxyl groups in the heavy oil by 57%.After hydrogenation of the pyrolysis oil, the aromatic carbon content decreased by 78%, with a significant increase in the aliphatic carbon content.

关键词： hydrogenation pyrolysis oil Loblolly pine residue zeolite ZSM-5

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In Situ Wood Delignification toward Sustainable Applications

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第8期2卷 606-620页

作者： Jianguo Li Chaoji Chen J.Y.Zhu arthur J.Ragauskas Liangbing Hu Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States Forest Products Laboratory USDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsin 53726United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Renewable Carbon Department of ForestryWildlifeand FisheriesUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996United States BioEnergy Science Center&Center for Bioenergy Innovation Biosciences DivisionUniversity of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological ScienceOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831United States Center for Materials Innovation University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States

CONSPECTUS:As one of the most abundant and versatile natural materials on Earth,recently wood has attracted tremendous attention from scientists and engineers due to its outstanding advantages,including hierarchically porous microstructure,high mechanical strength,environmental friendliness,renewability,and biodegradability.Wood’s hierarchically porous structure and chemical components(e.g.,cellulose,hemicelluloses,and lignin)enable its mechanical,ionic,optical,and thermal properties to be tuned via physical,chemical,and/or thermal modifications.Among these various approaches,the chemical delignification of bulk wood is the most fascinating,in which the majority of lignin and hemicelluloses is removed while leaving the cellulose intact,maintaining wood’s physical integrity and hierarchical structure.This delignified structure is unique,composed of hollow,aligned channels made up of cellulose microfibrils,and particularly attractive given its origin from a sustainable and renewable resource.As a result,delignified wood has attracted increasing attention for applications that go far beyond traditional wood utilization,such as lightweight yet strong structural materials,energy storage and conversion,environmental remediation,flexible electronics,and bioengineering.This Account reviews recent developments in bulk wood delignification strategies toward the achievement of such advanced wood technologies for sustainable applications,with a focus on the research in our group.Similar to chemical pulping and bleaching,wood delignification involves a series of nucleophilic reactions based on alkaline Na2SO3 or Na2S systems(i.e.,chemical pulping)or electrophilic,radical,and oxidation reactions based on H2O2,ClO2,or NaClO systems(i.e.,chemical bleaching)to deconstruct,fragment,and promote the hydrophilicity of lignin macromolecules,which finally make lignin easier to be removed.We discuss the structure and properties of partially and near-completely delignified wood,with a focus on process-structure−property relationships.The

关键词： removed attractive versatile

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The Ozone Component of Global Change:Potential Effects on Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Yield,Product Quality and Interactions with Invasive Species

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第4期51卷 337-351页

作者： Fitzgerald Booker Russell Muntifering Margaret McGrath Kent Burkey Dennis Decoteau Edwin Fiscus William Manning Sagar Krupa arthur Chappelka David Grantz United States Department of agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unitand Department of Crop Science NorthCarolina State UniversityRaleigh North Carolina 27695 USA Department of Animal Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburn Alabama 36849 USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Long Island Horticultural Research Extension Center Cornell UniversityRiverheadNew York 11901 USA Department of Horticulture Pennsylvania State UniversityState College Pennsylvania 16802 USA Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts AmherstMassachusetts 01003 USA Department of Plant Pathology University of MinnesotaSt. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA School of forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburn Alabama 36849 USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiverside California 92521 USA

The productivity, product quality and competitive ability of important agricultural and horticultural plants in many regions of the world may be adversely affected by current and anticipated concentrations of ground-level ozone （O_3）. Exposure to elevated O_3 typically results in suppressed photosynthesis, accelerated senescence, decreased growth and lower yields. Various approaches used to evaluate O_3 effects generally concur that current yield losses range from 5% to 15% among sensitive plants. There is, however, considerable genetic variability in plant responses to O_3.

关键词： climate change crop forage horticultural plant ozone product quality weedyield.

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