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materials and technology of Chinese jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE)

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第4期51卷 467-480页

作者： Janet G DOUGLAS Department of Conservation and Scientific Research Freer Gallery of Art / Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution

Excavated jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE) from the Xi’an area in Shaanxi Province, China, and contemporaneous jades in the collections of the arthur m. sackler gallery at the smithsonian institution have been studied to learn about the jade and stone materials and how they were worked during the Western Zhou period. materials identification was carried out using a combination of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tool marks were studied using stereomicroscopy and examination of mold impressions using scanning electron microscopy. All of these objects were pro- duced through simple processes involving solid drilling, riffling, and sharp point abrasion; and no evidence was found for the use of rotary tools for incising or sawing.

关键词： jade nephrite stone China Western Zhou scanning electron microscopy materials technology tool marks

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A STUDY ON THE CHEmICAL mECHANISm FOR POWDER CORROSION OF BRONZE ALLOY

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第10期34卷 1164-1173页

作者：范崇正王昌燧王胜君张懋森 W. T. CHASE 韩自强 The University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PRC arthur m.sackler gallery/freer gallery of art smithsonian institution Washington D.C 20560 USA museum of Fuyang Fuyang 236004 PRC

A Cu-Sn-Pb alloy modelled after an antique was cast and the powder-corrosion (P-C) was prepared on it under simulated natural conditions. The main components of the corrosion are much like those of the ancient bronze powder corrosion. It is found that chloride, water and oxygen are the essential factors for P-C formation of which chlorine plays the most important role. According to the results of expriments and thermodynamic calculations, the chemical mechanism of the copper desease was studied. It is pointed out that the fast spread of P-C is caused by two vicious circles.

关键词： element line analysis crystal-gap corrosion groove vicious circle.

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RESEARCH ON POWDERY CORROSION OF THE SERIALS BELLS FROm CAI HOU TOmB

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第5期34卷 522-531页

作者：王昌燧范崇政王胜君张懋森张敬国 W.T.CHASE Open Laboratory of Structure and Element Research University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PRC Anhui Cultural Relics' and Archaeological Institute. Hefei 230061 PRC Arthur M. Sackler Gallery/Freer Gallery of Art Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. 20560 Anhui Cultural Relics' and Archaeological Institute. Hefei 230061 PRC arthur m. sackler gallery / freer gallery of art Smithsonian Institution Washington D. C. 20560

'Powdery corrosion' is called 'cancer' of cultural relics of bronze. For many years theexperts concerned at home and abroad cannot make distinct progress in the control or cure ofpowdery corrosion. This paper introduces in detail analyses of XRD, SEm. TEm and XRFA on afragment of serials bells with serious powdery corrosion from the Cai Hou Tomb, pointingout that the components of powdery corrosion are mainly atacamite (Cu_2(OH)_3Cl), cuprite(Cu_2O) and cassiterite (SnO_2) in the worse crystalline state. In the bell's matrix, there arecorrosion gullies which has the same phase components as the powdery corrosion. Obviously,this discovery has very important significance for studying the formation mechanism ofpowdery corrosion.

关键词： Serials Bells powdery corrosion corrosion along the grain bounderies

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