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Potential evaluation and implementation strategy for pocket park construction in high-density urban areas: A case study in Dalian, China

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 319-334页

作者： Jing Dong Ruonan Guo Fei Guo Jun Cai school of architecture and Fine Art Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

As an important element of urban renewal in highly urbanized areas, pocket parks with small size, flexible layout and daily accessibility are becoming a major component of green infrastructure and the mainstay of outdoor recreation space expansion in high-density urban centers. Nevertheless, the absence of a comprehensive framework for evaluating the potential of pocket park construction (PPC), one that integrates diverse influencing factors on a macro scale, has resulted in the random installation of such spaces, often failing to optimize the utilization of urban land. Addressing this critical lacuna, we propose an approach to evaluate PPC potential from a city-scale perspective, which is used to support the determination of which land units should be prioritized for PPC. A complete and feasible workflow was also established to identify potential land units, construct an index system for PPC combining demand and supply levels, quantitatively calculate indices based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), accurately evaluate PPC potential using an entropy-weighted TOPSIS model, and develop targeted renewal strategies. A case study in Dalian, China, demonstrated the applicability and implications of the workflow. The results showed that it is flexible and easy to adapt to different local contexts, allowing evaluators to introduce parameters considering the availability of local data, and will help decision makers to build pocket parks in the most effective plots, providing a strong reference for high-quality development in other high-density urban centers facing the contradiction between ecological construction and land scarcity.

关键词： Pocket park Potential evaluation Urban renewal High-density urban areas

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Coupling Effect of Cryogenic Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Chloride Ion Erosion Effect in Pre-Cracked Reinforced Concrete

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第3期18卷 255-276页

作者： Yang Li Sibo Jiang Ruixin Lan school of Civil Engineering and architecture Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China

Chloride (Cl−) ion erosion effects can seriously impact the safety and service life of marine liquefied natural gas(LNG) storage tanks and other polar offshore structures. This study investigates the impact of different low-temperaturecycles (20°C, –80°C, and −160°C) and concrete specimen crack widths (0, 0.3, and 0.6 mm) on the Cl−ion diffusion performance through rapid erosion tests conducted on pre-cracked concrete. The results show thatthe minimum temperature and crack width of freeze-thaw cycles enhance the erosive effect of chloride ions. TheCl− ion concentration and growth rate increased with the increasing crack width. Based on the experimental modeland in accordance with Fick’s second law of diffusion, the Cl− ion diffusion equation was modified by introducingcorrection factors in consideration of the freeze-thaw temperature, crack width, and their coupling effect.The experimental and fitting results obtained from this model can provide excellent reference for practical engineeringapplications.

关键词： Chloride ions freeze-thaw cycles cracks

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Photocatalytic applications and modification methods of two-dimensional nanomaterials:a review

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Tungsten 2024年第1期6卷 77-113页

作者： Fan Yang Ping Hu Fan Yang Xing-Jiang Hua Bo Chen Lili Gao Kuai-She Wang school of Metallurgy Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

Due to its unique electronic structure and special size effect,two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have shown great potential far beyond bulk materials in the field of photocatalysis.How to deeply explore the photocatalytic mechanism of 2D nanomaterials and design more efficient 2D semiconductor photocatalysts are research hotspots.This review provides a comprehensive introduction to typical 2D nanomaterials and discusses their current application status in the field of photocatalysis.The effects of material properties such as band structure,morphology,crystal face structure,crystal structure and surface defects on the photocatalytic process are discussed.The main modification methods are highlighted,including doping,noble metal deposition,heterojunction,thickness adjustment,defect engineering,and dye sensitization in 2D material systems.Finally,the future development of 2D nanomaterials is prospected.It is hoped that this paper can provide systematic and useful information for researchers engaged in the field of photocatalysis.

关键词： Photocatalysis Two-dimensional Nanomaterials Bandgap Modification strategy

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Prediction of collapse process and tipping points for mutualistic and competitive networks with k-core method

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 173-180页

作者：段东立毕菲菲李思凡吴成星吕长春蔡志强 school of Information and Control Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710311China school of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Ecosystems generally have the self-adapting ability to resist various external pressures or disturbances,which is always called resilience.However,once the external disturbances exceed the tipping points of the system resilience,the consequences would be catastrophic,and eventually lead the ecosystem to complete collapse.We capture the collapse process of ecosystems represented by plant-pollinator networks with the k-core nested structural method,and find that a sufficiently weak interaction strength or a sufficiently large competition weight can cause the structure of the ecosystem to collapse from its smallest k-core towards its largest k-core.Then we give the tipping points of structure and dynamic collapse of the entire system from the one-dimensional dynamic function of the ecosystem.Our work provides an intuitive and precise description of the dynamic process of ecosystem collapse under multiple interactions,and provides theoretical insights into further avoiding the occurrence of ecosystem collapse.

关键词： complex networks tipping points dimension reduction k-core

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Influencer identification of dynamical networks based on an information entropy dimension reduction method

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 375-384页

作者：段东立纪思源袁紫薇 school of Information and Control Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710311China school of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Identifying critical nodes or sets in large-scale networks is a fundamental scientific problem and one of the key research directions in the fields of data mining and network science when implementing network attacks, defense, repair and control.Traditional methods usually begin from the centrality, node location or the impact on the largest connected component after node destruction, mainly based on the network structure.However, these algorithms do not consider network state changes.We applied a model that combines a random connectivity matrix and minimal low-dimensional structures to represent network connectivity.By using mean field theory and information entropy to calculate node activity,we calculated the overlap between the random parts and fixed low-dimensional parts to quantify the influence of node impact on network state changes and ranked them by importance.We applied this algorithm and the proposed importance algorithm to the overall analysis and stratified analysis of the C.elegans neural network.We observed a change in the critical entropy of the network state and by utilizing the proposed method we can calculate the nodes that indirectly affect muscle cells through neural layers.

关键词： dynamical networks network influencer low-dimensional dynamics network disintegration

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A benchmark-based method for evaluating hyperparameter optimization techniques of neural networks for surface water quality prediction

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 13-27页

作者： Xuan Wang Yan Dong Jing Yang Zhipeng Liu Jinsuo Lu school of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China

Neural networks(NNs)have been used extensively in surface water prediction tasks due to computing algorithm improvements and data accumulation.An essential step in developing an NN is the hyperparameter selection.In practice,it is common to manually determine hyperparameters in the studies of NNs in water resources tasks.This may result in considerable randomness and require significant computation time;therefore,hyperparameter optimization(HPO)is essential.This study adopted five representatives of the HPO techniques in the surface water quality prediction tasks,including the grid sampling(GS),random search(RS),genetic algorithm(GA),Bayesian optimization(BO)based on the Gaussian process(GP),and the tree Parzen estimator(TPE).For the evaluation of these techniques,this study proposed a method:first,the optimal hyperparameter value sets achieved by GS were regarded as the benchmark;then,the other HPO techniques were evaluated and compared with the benchmark in convergence,optimization orientation,and consistency of the optimized values.The results indicated that the TPE-based BO algorithm was recommended because it yielded stable convergence,reasonable optimization orientation,and the highest consistency rates with the benchmark values.The optimization consistency rates via TPE for the hyperparameters hidden layers,hidden dimension,learning rate,and batch size were 86.7%,73.3%,73.3%,and 80.0%,respectively.Unlike the evaluation of HPO techniques directly based on the prediction performance of the optimized NN in a single HPO test,the proposed benchmark-based HPO evaluation approach is feasible and robust.

关键词： Neural networks Hyperparameter optimization Surface water quality prediction Bayes optimization Genetic algorithm

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Experimental study on the CO_(2) concentration and age of air distribution inside tiny sleeping spaces

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 591-605页

作者： Jingying Zhang Yanyan Li Haiguo Yin Linfeng Liang Songmei Zu Le Gao Ying Zhang Angui Li school of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’anShaanxi710055China

In recent years,rapid urban development has led to capsule hotels,sleep pods,and other tiny sleeping spaces that adapt to people’s fast-paced lives,achieving maximum functionality with a very small footprint.However,due to the small space,human metabolic pollutant(such as CO_(2))is more likely to accumulate,and the air is not easily circulated.In this paper,a full-size experimental platform is set up with three types of ventilation modes to explore the exclusion efficiency of metabolic pollutants and the overall distribution of age of air under these ventilation modes.The conclusions showed that the mean values of metabolic pollutant exclusion rates for the different ventilation modalities varied very little across the spatial dimensions of the confined space but varied considerably in the area around the head.The double-side attached ventilation method was the most effective in removing human metabolic pollutants,especially in the head region(CN≥0.92),while the single-wall attached ventilation method had the best air exchange efficiency(η≥0.85).This suggests an inconsistent distribution of CO_(2) and age of air,which is contrary to general common sense.The conclusions of this paper can guide the design of ventilation for tiny sleeping spaces.

关键词： attached ventilation mode human metabolic pollutant indoor air quality air exchange efficiency tiny sleeping spaces

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Thermodynamic and experimental study of high-temperature roasting of blast furnace gas ash for recovery of metallic zinc and iron

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第1期31卷 108-120页

作者： Zi-han Wang Jing Guo Han-jie Guo Bin Li school of Metallurgical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China school of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina

A high-temperature reduction roasting method was used to achieve metallic iron and zinc recovery from blast furnace gas ash(BFA).The reduction processes for Zn-containing and Fe-containing oxides were analyzed in detail by using ther-modynamic equilibrium calculation and the principle of minimum free energy.The results showed that the main reaction in the system is the reduction of ZnFe_(2)_(4)and iron oxides.Over the full temperature range,iron oxides were more easily reduced than zinc oxides.Regardless of the amount of CO contained in the system,the reduction of ZnO to Zn was difficult to proceed below the boiling point(906℃)of Zn.When the reduction temperature is below 906℃,the reduction process of zinc ferrate was ZnFe_(2)_(4)→ZnO;when the reduction temperature is above 906℃,its reduction process becomed ZnFe_(2)_(4)→ZnO→Zn(g).The metallization and dezincification rates of the BFA gradually increased with increasing reaction temperature.As the C/O ratio increased,the metallization and dezincification rates first increased and then decreased.The effect of reduction time on BFA reduction was similar to that of reaction temperature.

关键词： Blast furnace gas ash Thermodynamics Zinc removal Iron reduction High-temperature reduction roasting Integrated utilization

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Influence of Ultra Fine Glass Powder on the Properties and Microstructure of Mortars

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 915-938页

作者： Wei Chen Dingdan Liu Yue Liang school of Civil Engineering Architecture and EnvironmentHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China

This study focuses on the effect of ultrafine waste glass powder on cement strength,gas permeability and pore structure.Varying contents were considered,with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 20μm.Moreover,alkali activation was considered to ameliorate the reactivity and cementitious properties,which were assessed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),and specific surface area pore size distribution analysis.According to the results,without the addition of alkali activators,the performance of glass powder mortar decreases as the amount of glass powder increases,affecting various aspects such as strength and resistance to gas permeability.Only 5%glass powder mortar demonstrated a compressive strength at 60 days higher than that of the control group.However,adding alkali activator(CaO)during hydration ameliorated the hydration environment,increased the alkalinity of the composite system,activated the reactivity of glass powder,and enhanced the interaction of glass powder and pozzolanic reaction.In general,compared to ordinary cement mortar,alkali-activated glass powder mortar produces more hydration products,showcases elevated density,and exhibits improved gas resistance.Furthermore,alkali-activated glass powder mortar demonstrates an improvement in performance across various aspects as the content increases.At a substitution rate of 15%,the glass powder mortar reaches its optimal levels of strength and resistance to gas permeability,with a compressive strength increase ranging from 28.4%to 34%,and a gas permeation rate reduction between 51.8%and 66.7%.

关键词： Mortar waste glass powder alkali activation compressive strength gas permeability pore structure

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A Comprehensive Investigation on Shear Performance of Improved Perfobond Connector

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第3期18卷 299-320页

作者： Caiping Huang Zihan Huang Wenfeng You school of Civil Engineering Architecture and EnvironmentHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China

This paper presents an easily installed improved perfobond connector (PBL) designed to reduce the shearconcentration of PBL. The improvement of PBL lies in changing the straight penetrating rebar to the Z-typepenetrating rebar. To study the shear performance of improved PBL, two PBL test specimens which containstraight penetrating rebar and six improved PBL test specimens which contain Z-type penetrating rebars weredesigned and fabricated, and push-out tests of these eight test specimens were carried out to investigate andcompare the shear behavior of PBL. Additionally, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models of the PBL specimenswere established and validated against the test results. Through FEA, the effects of concrete grade, perforatedplate’s aperture, Z-type penetrating rebar’s diameter, Z-type penetrating rebar’s bending angle, and bending lengthon shear behaviors were discussed. The results indicate that (1) Compared with PBL specimens with straightpenetrating rebars, Z-type penetrating rebar can significantly improve the shear resistance and shear stiffnessof the specimens. This enhanced performance can be mainly attributed to the increased adhesion of the transverserebar. (2) By comparing the load-slip curve, the slip of PBL test specimens which contain straight penetratingrebar increases rapidly and the bearing capacity decreases rapidly after concrete craking, while the bearingcapacity of Z-type penetrating rebar specimens decreases first and then increases gradually, showing betterductility. (3) The stress of the PBL shear connector with Z-type penetrating rebar is more uniform than thePBL shear connector with straight penetrating rebar, and the overall deformation is more uniform. (4) The higherthe concrete grade, the higher the shear bearing capacity and the better ductility of the new PBL. Increasing theaperture of the perforated plate or the diameter of the rebar has a very limited effect on the improvement of theshear capacity of PBL. Through the systematic analysis of the mechanical properties of Z-

关键词： PBL penetrating rebar push-out test load-slip curve shear capacity finite element analysis

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