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DeepRadiation:An intelligent augmented reality platform for predicting urban energy performance just through 360 panoramic streetscape images utilizing various deep learning models

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Building Simulation 2023年第3期16卷 499-510页

作者： Ali Nakhaee Arefe Paydar Department of architecture Architecture SchoolCollege of Fine ArtsUniversity of TehranTehran ***Iran

Urban energy simulation is critical for understanding and managing energy performance in cities.In this research,we design a novel framework called DeepRadiation,to enable automatic urban environmental performance prediction.By incorporating deep learning strategies,DeepRadiation predicts solar radiation on an urban scale using just panoramic streetscape images without any 3D modeling and simulation.New York City was chosen as the case study for this research.DeepRadiation is comprised of three different deep learning models organized into two stages.The first stage,named DeepRadiation modeling,serves as the framework's brain.At this stage,solar radiation analysis was performed using a Pix2Pix model,a type of conditional generative adversarial networks(GANs).After extracting GIS data and performing energy simulation analysis to prepare the dataset,the Pix2Pix model was trained on 10000 paired panoramic depth images of streetscapes with only building blocks and related panoramic images of streetscapes with only solar radiation analysis.Two GAN generator evaluation measures named qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation were used to validate the trained Pix2Pix model.Both demonstrated high levels of accuracy(qualitative evaluation:93%,quantitative evaluation:89%).DeepRadiation application as the DeepRadiation's sescond stage is the framework's eyes.At this stage,two convolutional neural network(CNN)models(DeepLabv3 and MiDaS)were used to perform computer vision tasks on panoramic streetscape images,such as semantic segmentation and depth estimation.The DeepRadiation application stage allows urban designers,architects,and urban policymakers to use the DeepRadiation framework and experience the final output via augmented reality.

关键词： automating urban energy simulation solar radiation analysis deep learning Pix2Pix computer vision augmented reality

Impact of thermal stratification on airborne transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in various indoor environments

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1159-1172页

作者： Fan Liu Zhiwen Luo Hua Qian school of Environment and architecture University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina Welsh school of architecture Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK school of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

There exist various vertical temperature gradients in different-type buildings.A holistic understanding of the impact of different temperature-stratified indoor environments on infection risk is necessary.In this work,the airborne transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in different thermally stratified indoor environments is assessed using our previously developed airborne infection risk model.Results show that the vertical temperature gradients in office building,hospital,classroom,etc.are within the range of−0.34 to 3.26℃/m.In large space such as coach station,airport terminal,and sport hall,the average temperature gradient ranges within 0.13–2.38℃/m in occupied zone(0–3 m);in ice rink with special requirements of indoor environment,the temperature gradient is higher than those in the above indoor spaces.The existence of temperature gradients causes multi-peaks of the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 with distancing,and our results show that in office,hospital ward and classroom,the second peak of the transmission risk is higher than 10^(−3)in most contact scenarios,while most being lower than 10^(−6)in large spaces like coach station and airport.The work is expected to provide some guidance on specific intervention policies in relation to the types of indoor environments.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 temperature gradient different-type buildings transmission risk

The influence of calculation error of hourly marine meteorological parameter on building energy consumption calculation

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第5期11卷 981-991页

作者： Dalong Liu Tian Sun Yufei Han Xiuying Yan school of architecture Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China

The ocean is a crucial area for future economic development.The marine environment has high energy-efficient and ecological requirements for building construction.Meteorological parameters are the key basis for the analysis and design of building energy efficiency.The lack of meteorological parameters for energy efficiency,particularly hourly data,under oceanic climatic conditions is a universal problem.The appropriate calculation methods of hourly meteorological parameters under oceanic climatic conditions are explored in this study.The impact of the calculation errors of the hourly meteorological parameters on building energy consumption is also analyzed.Three key meteorological parameters are selected:temperature,humidity,and wind speed.Five hourly calculations methods,including linear interpolation,cubic spline interpolation,pieceated three-Hermite interpolation,Akima interpolation,and radial basis function interpolation,are selected to calculate the error of the difference method,with Xiamen,Haikou,and Sanya as the locations of meteorological research.Appropriate interpolation methods are selected for the three parameters,and the seasonal and regional characteristics of the errors of each parameter are compared.Different interpolation methods should be selected for different meteorological parameters in different seasons.The error data of the three parameters of different magnitudes are constructed.A quantitative relationship between the sum of squares due to error of the three meteorological parameters and the rate of change of cooling energy consumption is established.The hourly calculation errors of meteorological parameters have an important impact on the calculation of dynamic energy consumption.The energy consumption differences caused by the errors of different parameters are significant.Obvious regional and seasonal differences also exist.This research strengthens the research foundation of building energy consumption calculation under oceanic climate conditions.

关键词： Building energy efficiency Oceanic climate Meteorological parameters Interpolation method Calculation error Dynamic energy simulation

A demand side management approach to increase self-consumption in buildings

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Building Simulation 2023年第2期16卷 317-335页

作者： Carlos Fernández Bandera Gabriela Bastos Porsani María Fernández-Vigil Iglesias school of architecture University of Navarra31009 PamplonaSpain

There is a growing interest in increasing the presence of renewable energy in the electric network.Photovoltaic production from grid-connected systems is leading this growth in terms of households.Alongside this development,concern about network security has emerged,because excesses of intermittent renewable energy on the grid could exceed voltage limits.Self-consumption,understood as the capacity of the producer to consume his or her own production,can partially solve these problems.Thermostatic controllable loads,such as heating and cooling,represent 50%of the total amount of energy consumed by buildings;the proper allocation of these loads could be a driving force for self-consumption.In this study,a demand side management strategy is proposed based on a building energy model equipped with an inverter heat pump coupled with a photovoltaic plant.The goal is to maximize the use of local energy from the photovoltaic plant(self-consumption),reducing the export and import of energy to and from the grid.This goal is achieved by optimizing the set-points in each room.An array of optimal set-points over six years is presented.The results show the capacity of the methodology to match similar values of self-consumption(70%in winter and 50%in summer)obtained by strategies based on chemical batteries.The findings are shown in an energy matching chart at different levels of detail(yearly and monthly).Color bubbles are added to the matching chart to help visualize the unmatched energy of the system graphically.In comparison with actual model predictive control technologies,this study’s strategy offers great simplicity and a large saving in computational time.

关键词： sensor data internal thermal mass energy simulation EnergyPlus inverse model

Urbanization: positive and negative effects

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Science Bulletin 2019年第5期64卷 281-283页

作者： Chaolin Gu school of architecture Tsinghua University

Urbanization is a sign of modernization,and both developed and developing countries attach great importance to this issue.It is also a process in which the population continues to flow in urban areas,the non-agricultural industries(manufacturing and seivice industries)concentrate and develop,and the structure of human society gradually transforms.Urbanization drives economic development.changes the urban form,and in fluences production technologies,citizen lifestyles,and societal values.However,urbanization can have negative impacts on social equity,public health,and the natural environment.Leveraging the positive effects of urbanization while mitigating the negative effects is necessary for sustaining urban progress and improving human settlements.Otherwise,the"urban disease"and regional inequalities caused by urbanization will become increasingly severe,especially in rapidly urbanizing countries.

关键词： Urbanization positive negative effects

Structural form-finding of bending components in buildings by using parametric tools and principal stress lines

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第3期11卷 561-573页

作者： Zhenya Yu Hang Dai Ziying Shi Department of Landscape architecture School of ArchitectureSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

This paper aims to provide an efficient and straightforward structural form-finding method for designers to extrapolate component forms during the conceptual stage.The core idea is to optimize the classical method of structural form-finding based on principal stress lines by using parametric tools.The traditional operating process of this method relies excessively on the designer’s engineering experience and lacks precision.Meanwhile,the current optimization work for this method is overly complicated for architects,and limitations in component type and final result exist.Therefore,to facilitate an architect’s conceptual work,the optimization metrics of the method in this paper are set as simplicity,practicality,freedom,and rapid feedback.For that reason,this paper optimizes the method from three aspects:modeling strategy for continuum structures,classification processing of data by using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm,and topological form-finding process based on stress lines.Eventually,it allows architects to create structural texture with formal aesthetics and modify it in real time on the basis of structural analysis results.This paper also explores a comprehensive application strategy with internal force analysis diagramming to form-finding.The finite element analysis tool Karamba3D verifies the structural performance of the form-finding method.The performance is compared with that of the conventional form,and the comparison results show the practicality and potential of the strategy in this paper.

关键词： Parametric design Structural formfinding Principal stress lines Classification algorithm KNN Internal force analysis Bending components

Urbanization: Processes and driving forces

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第9期62卷 1351-1360页

作者： Chaolin GU school of architecture Tsinghua University

Urbanization is becoming the most important human social change in the world, especially in developing countries.However, what is the process of urbanization? What forces are driving the urbanization process? This paper summarizes five main processes of urbanization through various aspects of urbanization in different countries, including economic growth and development, demographic change, social transformation, reshaped and stretched urban spaces, and shrinking cities. Based on the comprehensive method of analyzing urbanization, this paper sorts out five driving forces of urbanization, which are industrialization, modernization, globalization, marketization and administrative/institutional power. The author tries to contribute to the healthy development of urbanization in developing countries through the analysis of process and driving force in urbanization.

关键词： Urbanization Processes of urbanization Driving forces of urbanization Demographic change Urban spaces

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中国建筑节能气象参数研究

Journal of Central South University 2022年第7期29卷 2301-2316页

作者：刘衍王赏玉曹其梦卢梅杨柳 State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China school of architecture Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China school of Management Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

合理、可靠的室外气象参数是建筑行业实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的必要条件之一,也是建筑热工设计、暖通空调设计与建筑节能设计不可或缺的基准和前提。本研究针对基础数据“更新不及时”、“精细化程度不高”和“新需求不能满足”等问题,... 详细信息

合理、可靠的室外气象参数是建筑行业实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的必要条件之一,也是建筑热工设计、暖通空调设计与建筑节能设计不可或缺的基准和前提。本研究针对基础数据“更新不及时”、“精细化程度不高”和“新需求不能满足”等问题,着重解决统计年限更新、覆盖城镇扩充等问题,建立支撑我国建筑节能设计的基础气象参数体系。基于中国1988─2017年1019个城镇的地面基本气象要素和太阳辐射要素原始数据,研究建立了地面气象要素、太阳辐射的逐日、逐时计算模型,获得了逐月、逐日、逐时等不同精度的多层次建筑节能设计基础气象数据集,面向中国建筑节能设计相关标准规范的更新需求,研究建立了国家级的建筑节能设计用气象参数数据库,开发了建筑节能设计基础数据共享平台。研究成果推动中国建筑节能基础数据体系的发展与完善,服务于国家重大战略的工程建设需求,促进了中国建筑节能设计效率与水平的提升。本研究得到了“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目“建筑节能设计基础参数研究”的资助,研究团队由中国在该领域处于领先地位的15家高校与科研机构组成。

关键词：建筑节能建筑热工暖通空调气象参数太阳辐射

Environmental affordances and children’s needs:Insights from child-friendly community streets in China

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： Di Guo Yishan Shi Ruiqi Chen school of architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

With rapid urbanization in China,an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space.Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions,and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities.As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities,the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities.The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities.It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth.Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design,children’s growth and environment,and street-game spaces,this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires,interviews,observations,and other methods.Then,from the perspective of cognitive affordance,functional affordance,and social affordance,it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group.Finally,from the perspectives of openness and security,preference and diversity,positive and negative,and reality and potential,it proposes a method to assess the existing environment.This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities,and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels,so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness.This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.

关键词： Community Streets Affordance Environment Children