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Reuse of port industrial heritage in tourist cities:Shipyards as case studies

Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 164-183页

作者： María J.Andrade Eduardo Jiménez-Morales Rachel Rodríguez-Ramos Pablo Martínez-Ramírez department of Art and architecture School of ArchitectureMalaga UniversityMalaga 29013Spain

The progressive deindustrialisation of many western cities since the 1980s has led to many industrial zones linked to port activities being abandoned or falling into disuse.Cities such as Barcelona,Naples,Lisbon,Amsterdam,and Hamburg have port industrial complexes of high tangible and intangible heritage value that could totally or partially disappear,resulting in an irreparable loss of their scientific,architectural,social,technological,and historical values.With that in mind,Adaptive Reuse(AR)of the built heritage allows the industrial memory of the ports to be preserved by turning them into new functional centres within the existing urban structure.That occurs in the context of the contemporary challenges of those cities,such as touristification,the circular economy and climate change,while guaranteeing the life cycle of those buildings.This article analyses two case studies—the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij(NDSM)and the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij(RDM)shipyards,both in the Netherlands—in order to contribute to the knowledge of AR of Port Industrial Heritage.They are two examples of good practices in port industrial heritage interventions,where the factors behind their acclaim can be easily highlighted.A multi-scale methodology is therefore used and tailored to the case of port industrial heritage,based on analysing previous studies of the heritage in different spheres and on different scales.A relationship matrix tool is thus defined.It enables a comparative study to be conducted,using key variables and indicators,and considering qualitative and quantitative data.That provides extensive output information for each case study,which is summarised in the most favourable factors for the success of the AR of this port industrial heritage.

关键词： Industrial heritage Port-city Adaptive reuse Best practices Circular economy HUL Touristification

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Geometric investigation of entrance proportions of houses from the Qajar to the beginning of the early Pahlavi in Dezful City(1789—1979)

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 57-78页

作者： Raziyeh Rezadoost Dezfuli Mohammad Mehrakizadeh Behnaz Safar Ali Najar Hassan Bazazzadeh Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad department of architecture Poznan University of Technology61-131 PoznanPoland department of architecture and Urban Planning Jundi Shapur University of TechnologyDezfulIran College of Engineering and architecture University of Nizwa616 Birkat Al MawzOman department of architecture Faculty of Art and ArchitectureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

Due to the importance of the historical context of Dezful City,investigating historic buildings is necessary.But unfortunately,a large part of it is being destroyed.For this reason,it is essential to discover the guidelines and logic behind the architectural design of these buildings to help their reconstruction or restoration.Regrettably,there is no logical information about the components of this context and the reconstructions are usually done according to taste and based on architecture tested or personal preference.Therefore,it is necessary to find a logic behind these critical components that support the whole plan or parts of it in a particular style.The purpose of this research is to discover and find the logic behind the design of this building in the historical context of Dezful.Finding geometrical proportions can significantly help to reconstruct buildings better and more accurately.For this purpose,30 historical houses of Dezful were randomly selected,and their input information was drawn in 2D form in AutoCAD.Then,the length,width,and height proportions were measured,and the obtained ratios were compared with the golden proportions and dynamic rectangles.This paper studies entrance based on ratios of√2,√3,√4,√4,√1.25 andφ(the golden section).The results show that golden proportions and proportions derived from dynamic rectangles are present in the wording of all cases.Moreover,the range of ratios in the plan is from 1.34 to 2,and the content of changes in the section is from 1.22 to 2.The results can help architects,and particularly building owners,to reconstruct based on existing logic by discovering the proportions of the entrances of the houses.It is possible to administer a part of the damaged tissue and estimate its dimensions and sizes because the proportions’completeness can help revive half-destroyed historical buildings.

关键词： Proportions Historical houses House entrance Dezful city Qajar period to early Pahlavi

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Associative cultural landscape approach to interpreting traditional ecological wisdom:A case of Inuit habitat

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 79-96页

作者： Peng Zhang Shuai Li department of Landscape architecture College of Architecture and Urban PlanningTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Global climate change and the accelerated melting of glaciers have raised concerns about the ability to manage ice-snow environments.Historically,human ancestors have mastered the ecological wisdom of working with ice-snow environments,but the phenomenon has not yet been articulated in cultural landscape methodologies that emphasize“nature-culture relevance”.The challenging living environment often compels indigenous people to form a strong bond with their surroundings,leading to the creation of long-term ecological wisdom through synergistic relationships with the environment.This ecological environment is conceptualized as a cognitive space in the form of the landscape,with which the aboriginal community norms and individual spirits continually interact.Such interactions generate numerous non-material cultural evidences,such as culture,art,religion,and other ideological aspects of the nation.These evidences symbolize the intellectual outcome of the relationship between humans and the landscape,and they create the“spiritual relevance”through personification and contextualization.The aim of the study is to explore the traditional ecological wisdom of the Inuit people who live in the harsh Arctic,and analyze the Inuit’s interaction with the landscape through the lens of“associative cultural landscape”,and decode the survival experience that the Inuit have accumulated through their long-term synergy with the Arctic environment.The findings focus on the synergy between the Inuit and the ice-snow landscape,examining the knowledge and ecological wisdom that the Inuit acquire from the ice-snow landscape.Our goal is to develop a perspective of the ecological environment from the viewpoint of aboriginal people and establish a methodology,model,and framework for“associative cultural landscape”that incorporates ethnic non-material cultural evidences.From the results,a total of nine models for interpreting traditional Inuit ecological wisdom are generated based on the“diamond model”of“associative cultural landscape”,coverin

关键词： Landscape architecture Associative cultural landscape Nature-culture relevance Cultural landscape Traditional ecological wisdom Non-material cultural evidence Methodology Habitat Living environment Ice-snow landscape

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From the backyard to collective gardens in the “blue-courtyard”: Reversing the process of upgrading historic timber-framed courtyard buildings in Madrid

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 265-283页

作者： Esperanza Gonzalez-Redondo department of architecture University of AlcalaMadridSpain

This paper presents an analytical framework for evaluating the impact of the two main processes identified in Madrid timber-framed courtyard buildings reinforcing the courtyard's crucial role in architectural heritage sustainability:their development caused dwellings to darken(1737–1950),and the existing challenge is to open new patios according to the listed buildings'protection policy.Critical findings in archival research and existing building assessments led to completed data collection and analysis.When exploring construction expansion,from the house towards the collective prototype around a gradually reduced patio and dwelling darkening(1737–1786),buildings resulted in open,semiopen,underlighted and closed designs.Study area on-site assessment uncovered the transition from the older low-rise type(1–3)floors to the modern closed model of up to(4–6)storeys.Construction enlargements,consequently reducing original green areas and courtyards,call for reversing that process or formulating a new strategy.It debates the partial demolition of listed buildings in upgrades and its agreement with the needed“blue courtyard”strategy(PGOUM),resulting from joining new rear individual patios to create a communal building block courtyard.The uncovered“in-between”type(1864),which integrates two open-air collective spaces,an inner courtyard and a back garden,appears challenging to explore.

关键词： Courtyard Sustainabledesign Architectural heritage Archives Timber-framed construction Social housing

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Cognitive-emotional feasibility of the effect of visual quality of building form on promoting the sense of place attachment(Case study:Cultural iconic buildings of Iran’s contemporary architecture)

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 37-56页

作者： Narmin Ariannia Negar Naseri Mansour Yeganeh Digital architecture and Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of ArchitectureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Architectural Design Modeling and Fabrication LabDepartment of ArchitectureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

The present research studies the relationship between place attachment and the perception of form’s visual quality in fifteen outstanding contemporary Iranian architectural cultural buildings.This study puts forward the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the quality of building form and the sense of place attachment,in the sense that creating high visual quality through enhancing the quality of building form increases citizens’initial satisfaction with and subsequent attachment to the building.High visual quality influences people’s experience of the environment and improves the quality of life.Place attachment highlights how people,on a personal level,recreate a sense of place for themselves.The present study adopts the descriptive-analytical method as its theoretical framework and the survey as the empirical methodology.Questionnaires were developed using the Likert scale and distributed among experts and ordinary citizens.Data analysis using SPSS and the adoption of descriptive-analytical statistics,correlation analysis,and regression showed the relationship among the characteristics of indicators.The results show a positive correlation between form and place attachment mediated through visual quality,and they are causal conditions for one another.In addition,only some of the buildings under study evoke the same level of place attachment.

关键词： Visual preferences Environmental quality Environmental psychology Mental schemas Contemporary architecture

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Revisiting thermal comfort and thermal sensation

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 185-188页

作者： Zhiwei Lian department of architecture Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

The thermal environment is closely intertwined with comfort,health,efficiency,and building energy consumption.Thermal Comfort stands as a crucial concept for evaluating the thermal environment,yet the prevailing evaluation metric is Thermal Sensation.The correspondence between genuine Thermal Comfort and Thermal Sensation is influenced by a variety of environmental factors.

关键词： thermal Comfort prevailing

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Exploring the relationship-oriented spaces of social networks and depressive symptoms among older adults

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 112-126页

作者： Yongming Yang Heejoon Whang department of architecture Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

The Republic of Korea has the highest suicide rate of older population among OECD countries,and depression is the prevailing factor.While it is well-known that the urban physical environment affects mental health,research on the physical characteristics of spaces remains limited.This study aims to explore relationship-oriented space characteristics that can form social networks and reduce depressive symptoms in older adults.After analyzing the differences in social interaction spaces between high-density and low-density areas for older adults in Seoul,we identified social interaction spaces(parks and traditional markets)that are frequently used based on on-site interview results.Two areas were selected for the questionnaire surveys.The main findings revealed that older adults living in areas with diverse spatial planning and close physical relationships between parks and traditional markets,convenient pedestrian environments,and lower population density of older adults had better social networks and lower depressive symptoms.More significantly,the physical characteristics of parks and traditional markets(convenient accessibility,maximized visibility,connectivity,and territoriality)significantly facilitate social interactions.Those engaging in social interactions within these spaces exhibited significantly better social networks and lower depressive symptoms.These findings underscore the importance of considering relationship-oriented space characteristics in spatial and urban planning.

关键词： Relationship-oriented spaces Social networks Depressive symptoms High-density areas Older adults

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Random fractal-based computational design of an ice-ray (IR) lattice shell structure

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 406-424页

作者： Iasef Md Rian department of architecture Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Chinese ice-ray (IR) lattices, known for their intricate and visually fascinating random patterns as decorative elements in traditional 18th-century Chinese window design, exhibit underlying stiffness as latticed window fences. Such unique patterns represent a new morphology within the family of stochastic lattices. However, the latent structural potential within the random patterns of ice-ray lattices remains largely unexplored, particularly in the context of lattice shell design. This study systematically studies the geometric qualities of ice-ray lattice patterns and develops an algorithm to model these patterns for ice-ray lattice shell design. Subsequently, it assesses the structural feasibility and effectiveness of these lattice shells in comparison to conventional gridshells. The practicality of constructing random lattice shells using digital fabrication tools is also explored. Employing fractal geometry as a foundational framework, this research not only offers insights into the potential of ice-ray lattices for innovative lattice shell design but also introduces a new structural morphology to the field, expanding the possibilities of incorporating stochastic patterns in lattice shell design. Ultimately, it opens up new opportunities for innovative lattice shell designs, emphasizing the potential of stochastic patterns in structural applications.

关键词： Ice-ray pattern Fractals Random Lattice shells Computational design Digital fabrication

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Theoretical framework of the Isfahani style: Inspiring sustainable aspects of a vernacular urban development

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 349-369页

作者： Hatef Jafari Sharami Seyed Jamalaldin Hosseini department of architecture and Urbanism University of EyvanekeyEyvanekey 99888-35918Iran Faculty of Civil and architecture University of EyvanekeyEyvanekey 99888-35918Iran

The Isfahani style represents a method of traditional Iranian architecture and urban development that existed in the early 20th century and is regarded as a leading model in most traditional Iranian cities. It exhibits several vigorous features contributing to its recognition as a traditional approach to sustainable architecture and urban development. This research endeavors to reveal a theoretical framework beneath these inspiring aspects using the typology of sustainable modern forms, including the hierarchy, passive design strategies, compactness, density, diversity, mixed land use, pluralism, balance, good composition, and integration over time. To this end, the study employs qualitative research methods, drawing from traditional samples, to identify innovative, energy and socially efficient, and low-impact strategies implemented in this vernacular architecture of Iran's semi-arid and hot climates. The findings revealed that the neighborhood concept as a local and plural community (Mahalla) was a vital phenomenon in Iran's urban development. Apparently, the demise of this paradigm effectively played an important role in the numerous challenges regarding the social, energy, and economic viability of modern Iranian cities. Hence, this study presented theoretical frameworks—aligned with sustainable concepts—from the Isfahani style through its analysis, classification, and interpretation, which can contribute to modern urban development.

关键词： Isfahani style Vernacular urban development Sustainable urban development Iranian cities Vernacular architecture

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From“prototype”to“model”:Architectural and spatial development of Block A(1924—1945)of Istanbul’s Heybeliada Sanatorium

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 1-20页

作者： Deniz Avci-Hosanli Cansu Degirmencioglu department of Interior architecture and Environmental Design Izmir University of EconomicsIzmir 35330Turkey TUM School of Engineering and Design Department of ArchitectureTechnical University of MunichMunich 80333Germany

This article examines Block A,the first block-style building in Heybeliada Sanatorium in Istanbul.The purpose of this research is to understand its architectural and spatial development and discuss how in fact it was a“prototype”of Turkish sanatoria.Approached with a three-step methodology(documentation/evaluation/results)this research conducts architectural and spatial analysis on Block A.Primary sources like architectural documentation and restitution drawings,the writings of the institution’s head doctor Tevfik Ismail Gökçe,periodicals on tuberculosis(TB),as well as pertinent literature are utilized.The findings demonstrate that Block A’s development(1924—1945)was the result of knowledge transfer that introduced the universal sanatorium design principles,spatial experiments,adaptation to sociocultural norms,and trial-and-error processes.Not only it had a major impact on shaping of the second block-type building in the complex,the“model”Block B,but it also became exemplary of the subsequent Turkish sanatoria.The originality of this article is its exploration of the changing and evolving Block A in its resonation with the cultural tensions of Turkey’s modernization process.This was established via the assessment of budgetary issues,medical developments and climatic experiments,the social issue of scarcity of TB beds in the country,spatial practices to separate the sexes as reflections of local traditions and culture in the shaping of spaces.

关键词： Sanatorium architecture Tuberculosis History of healthcare Early republican Turkey Istanbul

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