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Droughts and windstorms due to climate change increase variability in species and trait composition of a subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest in China

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Forest ecosystems 2025年第1期12卷 11-19页

作者： Wenjing Chen Lei Liu Daijun Liu Josep Penuelas Guoyi Zhou Zhen Yu Anchi Wu Zhurong Wu Langqin Hua School of ecology and applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Botany and Biodiversity research University of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles08193BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Institute of ecology School of Ecology and Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink of China Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshi445000China

Background:Climate change is accelerating alterations in forest species and community composition worldwide,especially following extreme events like severe droughts and *** these effects on subtropical forests is crucial for conservation and forest management,but it remains unclear whether the impacts are stochastic or ***:We analyzed a unique dataset from a 1-ha permanent plot in a subtropical monsoon broadleaf evergreen forest in China,monitored over 26 years with six surveys from 1994 to *** forest has been free from anthropogenic disturbances for over 400 *** each survey,we measured all trees with a diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm,and recorded 11 plant functional traits relating to photosynthesis,wood properties,water use,and nutrient *** this data,we calculated species and trait dispersion,assessing short-term(~5years)and long-term(26 years)trends in species and trait composition following severe droughts and windstorm ***:Severe droughts,and subsequent droughts,increased both species and trait dispersion,while species composition converged,and trait dispersion remained relatively stable throughout the recovery *** events led to increased species dispersion but decreased trait *** observed a clear directional shift in both species and trait composition under these climatic stressors,with a more pronounced increase in trait dispersion compared to species ***:In the short term(~5 years),severe droughts and windstorms increased species composition divergence,while trait composition responses *** 26 years,deterministic processes mainly drove community composition changes,especially for trait composition,although stochastic processes also played a *** findings suggest enhancing forest resilience to climatic stressors by protecting adaptive species or increasing species diversity in management practices.

关键词： Community dynamics Functional traits Community composition Deterministic processes Climate change

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Long-term trends and response of wet ammonia deposition to changes in anthropogenic emissions in the Pearl River delta of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 373-386页

作者： Mingyue Li Lyumeng Ye Ming Chang Weihua Chen Shuidi He Buqing Zhong Xuemei Wang Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Institute for Environmental and Climate ResearchJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRCGuangzhou 510530China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

The Pearl River Delta(PRD)region has been identified as a significant hotspot of wet ammonium ***,the absence of long-term monitoring data in the area hinders the comprehension of the historical trends and changes in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition in response to emissions,which interferes with the ability to make effective *** study has analyzed the long-term trends of wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition flux and has quantified the effect of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological factors at a typical urban site and a typical forest site in the PRD region from 2009 to *** revealed a significant decreasing trend in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N flux in both the typical urban and forest areas of the PRD region,at-6.2%/year(p<0.001)and-3.3%/year(p<0.001),*** emissions are thought to have contributed 47%–57%of the wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition trend over the past 12 years compared to meteorological *** conditions dominated the interannual fluctuations in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition with an absolute contribution of 46%–52%,while anthropogenic emissions change alone explained 10%–31%.NH_(3)emissions have the greatest impact on the urban area among anthropogenic emission factors,while SO_(2)emissions have the greatest impact on the forest ***,precipitation was identified as the primary meteorological driver for both *** findings also imply that the benefits of NH_(3)emissions reductions might not immediately emerge due to interference from weather-related factors.

关键词： Long-term trends Inter-annual variation Wet ammonium deposition Anthropogenic emission change Meteorological condition The Pearl River Delta region

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Cereal-legume intercropping stimulates straw decomposition and promotes soil organic carbon stability

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Wei Wang Meng-Ying Li Qing-Hui Wen Yue Ma Zhi-Ming Zhang Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman Fei Mo Hong-Yan Tao Bao-Luo Ma Joann K.Whalen You-Cai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Ecology Lanzhou University School of ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Ottawa research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University

Increasing carbon（C） sequestration and stability in agricultural soils is a key strategy to mitigate climate change towards C neutrality. Crop diversification is an initiative to increase C sequestration in fields, but it is unclear how legume-based crop diversification impacts the functional components of soil organic carbon（SOC） in dryland, including the formation and transformation of particulate organic carbon（POC） and mineral-associated organic carbon（MAOC）. We investigated the decomposition of straw residues, the fate of photosynthesized C,as well as the formation of MAOC and POC fractions using an in situ13C labeling technique in the soybean-wheat intercropping, soybeanmaize intercropping and their respective monocropping systems, with and without cover crops. After 4-year treatments, the total SOC content in bulk soil remained unchanged, while MAOC content increased significantly by 5.6% with intercropping. Moreover, the in situ13C labeling results confirmed that more photosynthesized C was transferred to MAOC, and less was retained in the POC fraction. Intercropping significantly increased total soil N and mineral N content by 15.3% and 13.4%, respectively, and decreased soil and microbial C/N ratio by11.3% and 17.4%, respectively. This outcome, therefore, relieved microbial N limitation and accelerated straw residue ***, the potential of MAOC formation was strengthened for better SOC persistence. Our study suggests that legume-based crop diversification can effectively enrich N and support POC transformation to MAOC, accordingly contributing to the persistent SOC pool and thus potentially achieving C neutrality under climate change in dryland agroecosystems.

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Changes in source contributions to the oxidative potential of PM_(2.5)in urban Xiamen,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 342-357页

作者： Jia-Min Li Si-Min Zhao Qi-Yu Miao Shui-Ping Wu Jie Zhang James J.Schwab Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal ecology and Environmental Studies Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology College of Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Atmospheric Sciences research Center University at AlbanySUNYAlbany 12226USA

The toxicity of PM_(2.5)does not necessarily change synchronously with its mass *** this study,the chemical composition(carbonaceous species,water-soluble ions,and metals)and oxidative potential(dithiothreitol assay,DTT)of PM_(2.5)were investigated in 2017/2018 and 2022 in Xiamen,*** decrease rate of volume-normalized DTT(DTTv)(38%)was lower than that of PM_(2.5)(55%)between the two sampling ***,the mass-normalized DTT(DTTm)increased by 44%.Clear seasonal patterns with higher levels in winter were found for PM_(2.5),most chemical constituents and DTTv but not for *** large decrease in DTT activity(84%−92%)after the addition of EDTA suggested that watersoluble metals were the main contributors to DTT in *** increased gap between the reconstructed and measured DTTv and the stronger correlations between the reconstructed/measured DTT ratio and carbonaceous species in 2022were *** decrease rates of the hazard index(32.5%)and lifetime cancer risk(9.1%)differed from those of PM_(2.5)and DTTv due to their different main *** PMF-MLR model showed that the contributions(nmol/(min·m^(3)))of vehicle emission,coal+biomass burning,ship emission and secondary aerosol to DTTv in 2022 decreased by 63.0%,65.2%,66.5%,and 22.2%,respectively,compared to those in 2017/2018,which was consistent with the emission reduction of vehicle exhaust and coal consumption,the adoption of low-sulfur fuel oil used on board ships and the reduced production of ***,the contributions of dust+sea salt and industrial emission increased.

关键词： Chemical composition Oxidative potential Interannual change PMF-MLR Source apportionment

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Simultaneous immobilization of multiple heavy metal(loid)s in contaminated water and alkaline soil inoculated Fe/Mn oxidizing bacterium

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 370-381页

作者： Yi Wu Shengli Wang Jun Xu Fei Zang Song Long Yining Wu Yuqing Wang Zhongren Nan Technology research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Two strains of Fe/Mn oxidizing bacteria tolerant to high concentrations of multiple heavy metal(loid)s and efficient decontamination for them were *** surface of the bio-Fe/Mn oxides produced by the oxidation of Fe(II)and Mn(II)by Pseudomonas taiwanensis(marked as P4)and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(marked as G1)contains rich reactive oxygen functional groups,which play critical roles in the removal efficiency and immobilization of heavymetal(loid)s in co-contamination *** isolated strains P4 and G1 can growwell in the following environments:pH 5-9,NaCl 0-4%,and temperature 20-30℃.The removal efficiencies of Fe,Pb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn are effective after inoculation of the strains P4 and G1 in the simulated water system(the initial concentrations of heavy metal(loid)were 1 mg/L),approximately reaching 96%,92%,85%,67%,70%,54%and 15%,*** exchangeable and carbonate bound As,Cd,Pb and Cu are more inclined to convert to the Fe-Mn oxide bound fractions in P4 and G1 treated soil,thereby reducing the phytoavailability and bioaccessible of heavy metal(loid)*** research provides alternatives method to treat water and soil containing high concentrations of multi-heavy metal(loid)s.

关键词： Bio-Fe/Mn oxides Pseudomonas Heavy metal(loid)s Removal and immobilization

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Assessing the ecological effects of the World's Largest Forestry Eco-engineering: Three-North Protective Forest Program within the initially scheduled range from 1978 to 2022

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 314-327页

作者： Xiao Zheng Jiaojun Zhu G.Geoff Wang Qiaoling Yan Tao Sun Lining Song Tian Gao Yirong Sun Xiufen Li Kai Yang Jinxin Zhang Lizhong Yu Ke Qi Lanlin Zhao Deliang Lu Zhanyuan Lu CAS Key Laboratory of Forest ecology and Silviculture Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Qingyuan Forest CERN National Observation and Research StationShenyang 110016China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemson 29634USA Agronomy College Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences Hohhot 010031China

China's Three-North Protective Forest Program(TNP) is the world's most ambitious afforestation project(ongoing from 1978 to 2050), which aims to increase forest coverage through afforestation and reforestation, protect agriculture, reduce soil erosion, and control desertification. Although TNP has been ongoing for 45 years, its rationales and effects remain uncertain. Here, we conducted a rangewide assessment of TNP by analyzing data from >10,000 scenes of satellite images and >50,000 field survey plots. The TNP range and definitions of shelterbelts, arboreal forests, and shrublands were changed during the study period, but we used the initial TNP range(4.07 million km2) and the definitions in 1978 for keeping the consistency, comparability, and comprehensiveness. The TNP increased forest coverage from 5.05% in 1978 to 9.69% in 2022, with arboreal forests, shrublands, and shelterbelts increasing by 42.5%, 184.4%,and 53.6%, respectively. However, only 40.1% of the 471,113 km2afforested area was established between 1978 and 2022. The wellestablished shelterbelts improved crop yield by 4.3%-9.5%, but only 10.2% of all the farmlands in TNP regions(TNR) were protected. The total area of soil erosion due to hydraulic forces was reduced by 447,363 km2, with 61% of this reduction attributed to TNP. TNP contributed to the reduction of desertification by 15%, largely due to the low rate of afforestation success and the largely decreased grasslands. The total carbon sequestration from TNP was 1.96 Pg C. Moreover, water storage in TNR showed a decreasing trend, but the contribution rate of TNP was only 7.8%. Our results illustrate that forestry eco-engineering projects are feasible in the management and restoration of arid and semi-arid degraded lands, but attention must be paid to fully considering the ecological carrying capacity of water resources, matching the species to sites, strengthening the post-afforestation management, as well as keeping the balances between composit

关键词： Three-North Program northern China protective forest ecological impacts 45 years

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Ozone risk assessment of common cypress(Cupressus sempervirens L.)clones and effects of Seiridium cardinale infection

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 441-453页

作者： Jacopo Manzini Yasutomo Hoshika Roberto Danti Barbara Baesso Moura Elena Paoletti Gianni Della Rocca Institute of research on Terrestrial ecosystems(IRET) National Research Council of Italy(CNR)Via Madonna del Piano 10Sesto Fiorentino 50019Italy Department of agricultural foodenvironmental and forestry science and technology(DAGRI)University of FlorencePiazzale delle Cascine18Firenze 50144Italy Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection(IPSP) National Research Council of Italy(CNR)Via Madonna del Piano 10Sesto Fiorentino 50019Italy

Cupressus sempervirens is a relevant species in the Mediterranean for its cultural,economic and landscape *** species is threatened by Seiridium cardinale,the causal agent of the cypress canker disease(CCD).The effects of biotic stressors on O_(3)risk assessment are unknown and a comprehensive O_(3)risk assessment in *** is *** fill these gaps,two clones of ***,one resistant(Clone R)and one susceptible to CCD(Clone S),were subjected to three levels of O_(3)(Ambient Air-AA;1.5×AA;2.0×AA)for two consecutive years in an O_(3)-free-air controlled exposure facility and artificially inoculated with *** the exposure-(AOT40)and flux-based(PODy)indices were *** found that PODy performed better than AOT40 to assess O_(3)effects on biomass and the critical level for a 4%biomass loss was 2.51 mmol/m^(2)***,significant O_(3)dose-response relationships were not found for the inoculated cypresses because the combination of middle level O_(3)(1.5×AA)and inoculation stimulated a biomass growth in Clone S as hormetic ***,we found a different inter-clonal response to both stressors with a statistically significant reduction of total and belowground biomass following O_(3),and lower root biomass in Clone S than in Clone R following pathogen *** summary,Clone R was more resistant to O_(3),and inoculation altered O_(3)risk via an hormetic effect on *** results warrant further studies on how biotic stressors affect O_(3)responses and risk assessment.

关键词： Abiotic stress Air pollution Ozone risk assessment Plant pathology PODy Stomatal conductance model

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The third dimension of alpine plant leaf traits is related to cold-tolerance

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Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 159-165页

作者： Yuan Wang Ji Suonan Kun Liu Yanni Gao Sihao Zhu Qian Liu Ning Zhao State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina College of Life Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina College of ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina

Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine *** leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is *** hypothesized that,beyond the trait dimensions of leaf size and resource economics,nonstructured carbohydrates(NSC)would reflect a dimension of cold-tolerance in alpine *** test this hypothesis,we measured 12 leaf traits critical to leaf construction and growth in 143 species across 7 sites ranging from alpine steppes to alpine meadows along an environmental gradient on the Tibetan ***,a cold resistance experiment was conducted at one of these sites to estimate the lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT_(50))of 11 alpine *** majority of variations in 12 leaf traits of alpine plants were captured by three trait axes,in which leaf carbon(LCC)and NSC(including leaf starch;LSC and leaf soluble sugars;LSS)were clustered in a new dimension(PC3)beyond leaf size and structure,and resource *** LCC,LSC and LSS all showed negative correlations with mean annual temperature,a significant negative correlation was only found between LSS and LT_(50).It indicated that PC3 was able to reflect the cold-tolerance of alpine plants to some extent,in which LSS was the most critical *** storage and transformation of NSC under stressful conditions could reflect a dimension of long-term metabolic adaptation and cold-tolerance,which is an extension of the resource-utilization strategy beyond construction cost and growth.

关键词： Non-structured carbohydrates Resource economics Stress resistance Trait relationships The lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT50)

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A Simulation Study to Assess Impacts of Habitat-Dependent Parameters of Surplus Production Model on Stock Assessment of Chilean Jack Mackerel in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2025年第1期24卷 169-181页

作者： LI Gang CAO Yangming CAO Jie CHEN Xinjun ZOU Xiaorong College of Marine Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China National Engineering research Center for Oceanic Fisheries Shanghai 201306China The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai 201306China Department of applied ecology Center for Marine Sciences and TechnologyNorth Carolina State UniversityMorehead CityNC 28557USA

Pelagic fish are the most abundant species in upwelling regions,contributing 25%of total global fisheries ***-driven changes in the marine environment play a crucial role in their population *** Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)as an example,this study conducted simulations to quantify the impacts of environmental variations on the stock assessment.A habitat-based surplus production model was developed by integrating suitable habitat area into the model parameters carrying capacity(K)and intrinsic growth rate(r),with a suitable habitat area serving as the proxy for the environmental conditions for Chilean jack mackerel in the Southeast Pacific *** dynamics of Chilean jack mackerel stock and fisheries data were simulated,and four assessment models with different configurations were built to fit simulated data,with or without considering environmental *** results indicated that Joint K-r model,which integrated both parameters with the suitable habitat area index,outperformed the others by coming closest to the‘true'population *** habitat variations in the estimation model tended to overestimate biomass and underestimate harvest rate and reference *** observation and process error,the results were estimated with bias,while FMSY is relatively *** research illustrates the importance to consider random errors and environmental influences on populations,and provides foundation guidelines for future stock assessment.

关键词： Trachurus murphyi simulations suitable habitat area stock assessment errors Southeast Pacific Ocean

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Accumulation characteristics and fate modeling of phthalic acid esters in surface water from the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 46-56页

作者： Shuai Sun Bing Zhang Junjie Hu Wen Gu ZhenWang Deling Fan Feng Ge Lili Shi LeiWang Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of ChinaNanjing 210042China Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of ChinaNanjing 210042China Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100029China

Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are a group of compounds widespread in the *** investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs,surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir area,*** total concentrations of∑_(11)analyzed PAEs(11PAEs)in the collected water samples ranging from 197.7 to 1,409.3 ng/L(mean±IQR:583.1±308.4 ng/L).While DEHP was the most frequently detected PAE,DnBP and DnNP were the most predominant PAEs in the analyzed water samples with a mean contribution of 63.3%of the∑_(11)*** concentrations of the∑_(11)PAEs in the water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those from themiddle *** better understand the transport and fate of the PAEs,seven detected PAEs were modeled by Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction(QWASI).The simulated and measured values were close for most PAEs,and differences are within one order of magnitude even for the worst *** all simulated PAEs,water and particle inflow were main sources in the reservoir,whereas water outflow and degradation in water were important removal *** contribution ratios of different sources/losses varied fromPAEs,depending on their *** calculated risk quotients of DnNP in the Three Gorges Reservoir area whether based onmonitoring or simulating results were all far exceeded the safety threshold value,implying the occurrence of this PAE compound may cause potential adverse effects for the aquatic ecology of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

关键词： Phthalic esters Surface water Transport and fate Three Gorges Reservoir area Risk assessment

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