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Single-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： Samuel S.Hardisty Xiaoqian Lin anthony R.J.Kucernak David Zitoun Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemistry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum,which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Herein,we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)via a redox *** via electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the single-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the *** single-atom samples showed higher HOR activity than state-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** selective activity toward HOR arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the SWCNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalysis hydrogen platinum single atom catalysts

B cell regulation in cancer and anti-tumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第8期14卷 662-674页

作者： Anushruti Sarvaria J Alejandro Madrigal Aurore Saudemont anthony nolan and university college london LondonUK

The balance between immune effector cells and immunosuppressive cells and how this regulates the tumor microenvironment has been well described.A significant contribution of immune regulatory cells,including regulatory T cells,to tumor progression has been widely *** emerging body of evidence has recently recognized a role for B cells in modulating the immune response to tumors and lymphoid *** B cells(Bregs)are a newly designated subset of B cells that have been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses involved in inflammation,autoimmunity and,more recently,*** can suppress diverse cell subtypes,including T cells,through the secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators,such as IL-10,and can facilitate the conversion of T cells to regulatory T cells,thus attenuating anti-tumor immune *** B-cell subpopulations have been reported to be recruited to the tumor but to acquire their immunosuppressive properties within the tumor bed and thereby attenuate anti-tumor immune ***,despite a pivotal role for Bregs in promoting inflammation and carcinogenesis,the phenotypic diversity of the cell surface markers that are unique to Bregs remains unclear in mice and *** this review,we summarize the characteristics of Bregs and review our current knowledge of Bregs and their inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses in murine tumor models and cancer patients.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy regulatory B cells

Generation of natural killer cells from hematopoietic stem cells in vitro for immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第4期9卷 310-320页

作者： Martha Luevano Alejandro Madrigal Aurore Saudemont anthony nolan Research Institute and University College London Royal Free Campus London UK

Natural killer （NK） cells are part of the innate immune system and are an alluring option for immunotherapy due to their ability to kill infected cells or cancer cells without prior sensitization. Throughout the past 20 years, different groups have been able to reproduce NK cell development in vitro, and NK cell ontogeny studies have provided the basis for the establishment of protocols to produce NK cells in vitro for immunotherapy. Here, we briefly discuss NK cell development and NK cell immunotherapy approaches. We review the factors needed for NK cell differentiation in vitro, which stem cell sources have been used, published protocols, challenges and future directions for Good Manufacturing Practice protocols.

关键词： cord blood natural killer cells differentiation

nteraction between natural killer cells and regulatory 7 ：ells： perspectives for immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第3期10卷 222-229页

作者： Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco Alejandro Madrigal Aurore Saudemont anthony nolan Research Institute and university college london Royal Free Campus London UK

Regulatory T （Treg） cells and natural killer （NK） cells are key players in the immune system. The interaction between these two cell types has been reported to be beneficial in healthy conditions such as pregnancy. However, in the case of certain pathologies such as autoimmune diseases and cancer this interaction can become detrimental, as Treg cells have been described to suppress NK cells and in particular to impair NK cell effector functions. This review aims to discuss the recent information on the interaction between Treg cells and NK cells under healthy and pathologic conditions, to describe the specific conditions in which this interaction takes place, the effect of Treg cells on hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and the consequences of this interaction on the optimization of immunotherapeutic protocols.

关键词： differentiation effector functions natural killer cells regulatory T cells

Bandwidth limits of luminescent solar concentrators as detectors in free-space optical communication systems

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 29-40页

作者： Mark Portnoi Paul anthony Haigh Thomas JM acdonald Filip Ambroz Ivan PParkin Izzat Darwazeh loannis Papakonstantinou Photonic Innovations Lab Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK School of Engineering University of NewcastleNewcastle NE17RUUK Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonLondon W12 OBZUK Department of Chemistry University College LondonLondon WC1H OAJUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs)have recently emerged as a promising receiver technology in free-space optical communications due to their inherent ability to collect light from a wide field-of-view and concentrate it into small areas,thus leading to high optical *** high-speed communication systems integrating LSCs in their detector blocks have already been demonstrated,with the majority of efforts so far being devoted to maximising the received optical power and the system's ***,LSCs may pose a severe bottleneck on the bandwidth of such communication channels due to the comparably slow timescale of the fluorescence events involved,a situation further aggravated by the inherent reabsorption in these systems,and yet,an in-depth study into such dynamic effects remains absent in the *** fill this gap,we have developed a comprehensive analytical solution that delineates the fundamental bandwidth limits of LSCs as optical detectors in arbitrary free-space optical links,and establishes their equivalence with simple RC low-pass electrical ***,we demonstrate a time-domain Monte Carlo simulation platform,an indispensable tool in the multiparameter optimisation of LSC-based receiver *** work offers vital insight into LSC system dynamic behaviour and paves the way to evaluate the technology for a wide range of applications,including visible light communications,high-speed video recording,and real-time biological imaging,to name a few.

关键词： communication integrating devoted

Entropy generation in bypass transitional boundary layer flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： GEORGE Joseph OWEN Landon D. XING Tao MCELIGOT Donald M. CREPEAU John C. BUDWIG Ralph S. nolan Kevin P. Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA university of Idaho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA university of Idaho BoiseIdaho 83702USA Imperial college london London SW7-28ZUK

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） turbulence models to predict entropy generation rates in bypass transitional boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradients. Entropy generation rates in such flows are evaluated employing the commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT. Various turbulence and transitional models are assessed by comparing their results with the direct numerical simulation （DNS） data and two recent CFD studies. A solution verification study is conducted on three systematically refined meshes. The factor of safety method is used to estimate the numerical error and grid uncertainties. Monotonic convergence is achieved for all simulations. The Reynolds number based on momentum thickness, Reo, skin-friction coefficient, Cf, approximate entropy generation rates, S, dissipation coefficient, Cd , and the intermittency, y, are calculated for bypass transition simulations. All Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） turbulence and transitional models show improvement over previous CFD results in predicting onset of transition. The transition SST k - ω 4 equation model shows closest agreement with DNS data for all flow conditions in this study due to a much finer grid and more accurate inlet boundary conditions. The other RANS models predict an early onset of transition and higher boundary layer entropy generation rates than the DNS shows.

关键词： entropy generation bypass transition Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) transitional boundary layer turbulence models

Funneling of the bladder neck - radiological appearance after radical retropubic prostatectomy and clinical relevance

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第2期22卷 152-153页

作者： Simon Bugeja Anastasia Frost Stella Ivaz Felix Campos Daniela E Andrich anthony R Mundy university college london Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustReconstructive Urology UnitLondon NW12PGUK

Several authors have commented on the anatomical changes following radical prostatectomy(RP)for prostate cancer and their characteristic radiological appearances.1,2 Most of these relate to periurethral fibrosis and its clinical significance in patients with postprostatectomy sphincter weakness incontinence.3,4 On magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),this postsurgical fibrosis appears as a focus of low-signal intensity in the periurethral tissues at and around the level of the vesicourethral anastomosis(VUA)which is appreciable on both T1-and T2-weighted images.

关键词： bladder clinical radiological

Syringoceles of Cowper’s ducts and glands in adult men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第2期22卷 129-133页

作者： Simon Bugeja Anastasia Frost Stella Ivaz Mariya Dragova Daniela E Andrich anthony R Mundy Reconstructive Urology Unit University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondon NW12PGUK

Cowper’s syringoceles are uncommon,usually described in children and most commonly limited to the *** describe more complex variants in an adult population affecting with varying degrees of severity,the glands themselves,and the complications they may lead *** hundred consecutive urethrograms of patients with unreconstructed strictures were ***-six patients(mean age:41.1 years)with Cowper’s syringoceles who were managed between 2009 and 2016 were subsequently ***,radiological appearance,treatment(when indicated),and outcomes were *** 100 urethrograms in patients with strictures,33.0%demonstrated filling of Cowper’s ducts or glands,occurring predominantly in patients with bulbar *** 1 of 26 patients with non-bulbar strictures had a visible duct/*** 26 symptomatic patients,15 presented with poor *** four patients,a grossly dilated Cowper’s duct obstructed the *** the remaining 11 patients,a bulbar stricture caused the symptoms and the syringocele was identified *** patients presented with perineal *** six of them,fluoroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed complex multicystic lesions within the bulbourethral *** patients developed perineoscrotal *** the 11 patients with strictures,the syringocele was no longer visible after *** three of four patients with urethral obstruction secondary to a dilated Cowper’s duct,this resolved after transperineal excision(n=2)and endoscopic deroofing(n=1).Five of six patients with complex syringoceles involving Cowper’s glands were excised surgically with symptomatic relief in *** conclusion,Cowper’s syringocele in adults is more common than previously thought and may cause lower urinary tract symptoms or be associated with serious complications which usually require surgical treatment.

关键词： complications Cowper’s glands syringocele treatment urethral stricture

Genetic analysis of four consanguineous multiplex families with inflammatory bowel disease

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第6期9卷 521-532页

作者： Noam Ben-Yosef Matthew Frampton Elena RSchiff Saleh Daher Fadi Abu Baker Rifaat Safadi Eran Israeli anthony W.Segal Adam P.Levine Centre for Molecular Medicine Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver disease Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael Institute of Ophthalmology Moorfields Eye HospitalUniversity College LondonLondonUK Institue of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hillel Yaffe Medical CenterHaderaIsrael Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver disease E.Wolfson Medical CenterHolonIsrael Department of Pathology University College LondonLondonUK

Background:Family studies support a genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),but known genetic variants only partially explain the disease *** withmultiple affected individuals potentially harbour rare and highimpact causal *** regions of homozygosity due to recent inbreedingmay increase the risk of individuals bearing homozygous loss-of-function *** study aimed to identify rare and homozygous genetic variants contributing to ***:Four families with known consanguinity and multiple cases of IBD were *** a family-specific analysis,we utilised homozygosity mapping complemented by whole-exome ***:We detected a single region of homozygosity shared by Crohn’s disease cases from a family of Druze ancestry,spanning 2.6Mb containing the NOD2 ***-exome sequencing did not identify any potentially damaging variants within the region,suggesting that non-coding variation may be *** addition,affected individuals in the families harboured several rare and potentially damaging homozygous variants in genes with a role in autophagy and innate immunity including LRRK1,WHAMM,DENND3,and ***:This study examined the potential contribution of rare,high-impact homozygous variants in consanguineous families with *** the analysis was not designed to achieve statistical significance,our findings highlight genes or loci that warrant further ***-coding variants affecting NOD2 may be of importance in Druze patients with Crohn’s disease.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease family study genetics homozygosity