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Open Journal of animal Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 266-277页

作者： Ibukun Olukorede Popoola Oluwabukola Rashidat Popoola Oluwaseyi Olamide Olajide Akinyemi Alaba Adeyemi Queenesther Tolu Alegbejo department of animal Science University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Agricultural Research and Biometrics department Thisavrous Pyrgos Int. Resources Oyo State Nigeria

A degree centigrade fall or rise in body temperature of broiler chickens is sufficient to reduce performance, alter sound physiological state and divert nutritional metabolism in quest for ensuring thermal balance. Thermoregulatory mechanisms of newly hatched chicks are poorly developed, and fluctuations in brooding temperature coupled with severe environmental temperatures in the tropics could threaten the survivability, production and economic integrity of fast-growing strains of broilers. However, information on the effect of sharp fluctuations in body temperature on nutrient intake and European production index (EPI) of broilers fed dietary electrolytes is scanty and thus investigated. Using a total of 300, one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Arbor Acre) that were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments (T1-210, T2-240, T3270, T4-300, T5-330 and T6-360 mEq/kg electrolyte balance), data on performance characteristics and their correlations with body temperature and EPI at prestarter, starter and finisher phases were determined using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α = 0.05. At prestarter phase, feed intake (FI) had a strong and positive relationship with protein intake (r = 1.00;p < 0.01), EPI (r = 0.96;p < 0.01) and potassium (K) intake (r = 0.66;p < 0.01), but was negatively correlated with temperature change (r = ?0.39;p < 0.05). However, FI was not significantly correlated with body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), sodium (Na) and water intake. At starter phase, EPI was positively correlated to K intake (r = 0.38;p < 0.05), but not Na and chloride (Cl) intake. European production index of starter chicks could be enhanced by increasing the level of K intake through dietary supplementation up to 1.02%. Weight gain was adversely affected by sharp changes in temperature at finisher phase. Increase in water intake may not be a remedial tool in lowering sharp fluctuations in body temperature. However, sharp

关键词： Temperature Change Broilers European Production Index Dietary Electrolyte Balance Heat Stress

Quantification of Antibiotic Residues and Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Microorganisms Isolated from Bovine Milk in Lebanon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 1-9页

作者： Kassaify Zeina Abi Khalil Pamela Sleiman Fawwak department of animal and Veterinary Sciences American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon. department of Nutrition and Food Sciences American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon

The rapid growth of dairy sectors in the Middle East, particularly in Lebanon, led to extensive use of antibiotics to enhance the health and productivity of animals. Prolonged usage may lead to antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin;hence, the emergence of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Accurate data on the antibiotic usage in livestock treatment, antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistances in raw milk in Lebanon are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the types and usages of antibiotics in cattle, their residual levels and the potential microbial resistances in raw milk samples. A questionnaire-based survey identified Gentamicin and Streptomycin as the most frequently used antibiotics. Selected raw milk samples from main dairy farms were then analyzed in duplicate by quantitative ELISA for the antibiotics residual levels. The mean residual levels of Gentamicin and Streptomycin were 90 and 80 μg/L, respectively;which are below the allowable maximum residue limit of 200 μg/L as set by the FAO/WHO. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli and total aerobic microorganisms isolated from the milk samples were then tested for resistance against Gentamicin and Streptomycin by the disc agar diffusion method. All the S. aureus, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes isolates showed high resistance to Gentamicin. However, 95% of S. aureus, 60% of E. coli and 58% of L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to Streptomycin. The obtained results provide evidence that antimicrobial resistant strains of the above pathogens have become remarkably widespread in raw milk. This requires better management for antibiotic usages among livestock farmers to control sources of food contamination and reduce the health risks associated with the development of resistant microbial strains.

关键词： Milk Antibiotics Residues Resistant Pathogens

Molluscicidal activity of chlorophyll extraction against the freshwater snails

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2013年第2期 98-107页

作者： Mona Said Mahmoud Peter Richter Hatem Abdel Mawgoud Shalaby Omnia Mohamed Kandil Donat-Peter Häder Parasitology and animal Diseases department National Research CenterGizaEgypt Biology department Ecophysiology of PlantsFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany

Objective:To evaluate the molluscicidal activity of chlorophyll extract as a photodynamic substance against the snails Lymnaea stagnalis,Biomphalaria *** Physa ***:Chlorophyllin was extracted from deep-frozen *** were incubated in chlorophyllin containing water with 2.5,5.0,10.0 and 15.0μg/*** samples were kept in darkness overnight for *** incubation,three samples were irradiated with simulated solar radiation for 3 *** irradiation,the vitality of the organisms was ***:The photodynamically active chlorophyllin,at low concentrations,was able to kill snails within a few hours under exposure of solar ***,it had a killing effect by about 70%and 100%on the snails’eggs and the newly hatched snails,respectively,after 3 h exposure to solar ***:The derivates of chlorophyll was a very interesting substance for photodynamic freshwater snail ***,it might be a promising and cheap new strategy which probably had the potential to replace the synthetic molluscicides for snail control.

关键词： Chlorophyllin Fresh water snail Photodynamic Molluscicide

Bile tolerance of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>LA-K as influenced by various pulsed electric field conditions

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第5期3卷 620-625页

作者： Olga Cueva Kayanush J. Aryana department of Food Science Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 School of animal Sciences

Lactobacillus acidophilus has several health benefits and is used as an adjunct bacterium in the manufacture of cultured dairy foods. Bile tolerance is an important probiotic characteristic. Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing is non-thermal, hurdle technology which comprises of passing fluid foods between two electrodes and subjecting them to pulses of voltage for less than one second. Whether certain mild PEF conditions can enhance bile tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus is not known. The objective was to study the influence of certain PEF conditions on the, bile tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K suspended in sterile peptone 0.1% w/v distilled water was treated with pulse widths of 3, 6 and 9 μs, pulse periods of 10,000;20,000 and 30,000 μs and electric field strengths of 5, 15 and 25 kV/cm. The control did not receive any pulsed electric field condition. Bile tolerance was determined hourly for 16 hours. PROC GLM of the Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) was used for data analysis. Significant differences were determined at P p p p Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K subjected to 5 kV/cm were signifycantly the highest while the bile tolerance when subjected to 25 kV/cm was significantly the lowest.

关键词： Bile Tolerance Lactobacillus Acidophilus Pulsed Electric Field Probiotic

Effects of Methenamine Feeding Regime on Growth Performances, Gut Microbiota, Organs Histology and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens

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Open Journal of animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 238-254页

作者： Kengni Noubissie Guyssela Josiane Kana Jean Raphaël Ngouana Tadjong Ruben Yemdjie Mane Doriane Divine Ebile Dayan Agwa Tchouan Deffo Gilchrist Necdem Tsafack Boris Valdes Issa Bachar Issa Laboratory of animal Nutrition Department of Animal Science University of Dschang Cameroon Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources Department of Aquaculture institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi University of Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources Department of Aquaculture institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi University of Douala Cameroon

Microbial resistance in livestock has become a subject of great concern of public and scientific interest. This study was designed to assess the effects of methenamine feeding regime on growth performances of broilers chickens. For this purpose, 120 chicks of Cobb 500 strain, including 60 males and 60 females of 21 days old with an average weight of 639 g and 584 g respectively were used. They were randomly distributed in 60 experimental units of 2 chicks of same sex per cage until 49 days. Methenamine was incorporated in feed (TA), acidified (TEa) and non acidified (TE) water and compared to an antibiotic medicated diet as positive control (T0+) and a ration without any supplement as negative control (T0). The main results showed that, regardless of the feeding regime, methenamine significantly (p 0.05) increased feed inteake, body weight, weight gain and decreased (p 0.05) feed conversion ratio. Methenamine whatever the feeding regime induced a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria counts compared to coliforms and coccidies counts. Salmonella were absent throughout the trial period. Regardless of sex and feeding regime, hematological parameters were not significantly affected, with the exception of white blood cell and platelet concentration that decreased significantly (p 0.05) in male broilers. Serum content in ASAT (Aspartate-transferase), ALAT (Alanine-transferase), creatinine, urea and LDL-

Experimental study on baling rice straw silage

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第1期4卷 20-25页

作者： Wang Defu Dennis R.Buckmaster Jiang Yiyuan Hua Jinling College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China department of Agricultural and biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47907USA College of animal Science and Technology Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China

For resolving harvesting technology of fresh rice straw silage and plugging of the round steel-roll baler in China,experimental researches were carried *** harvesting technology,baling silage and chopping silage were *** the round baler,three kinds of feeding rolls equipped for enhancing feeding capability were experimented separately by *** results indicate:harvesting technology of baling fresh rice straw as silage is practicable;slicing-disc feeding rolls can be used to the baler to resolve plugging in straw-baling *** through further experiments by reliability and density,optimal structure of the feeding roll is obtained:big and small slicing-discs arranged in interval and inclination,distance between slicing-discs being 30-40 mm.

关键词： silage harvesting rice straw round baler feeding mechanism

Neglected scrub typhus:An updated review with a focus on omics technologies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第12期15卷 531-541页

作者： Dixit Sharma Ankita Sharma Birbal Singh Sunil Kumar Shailender Kumar Verma Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics School of Life SciencesCentral University of Himachal PradeshKangra 176206India department of animal Science School of Life SciencesCentral University of Himachal PradeshKangra 176206India ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Regional StationPalampur 176061India

Scrub typhus is a neglected disease and one of the most serious health problems in the Asia-Pacific *** disease is caused by an obligate intracellular bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi,which is transmitted by chigger bites or larval mite *** typhus is a threat to billions of people worldwide causing different health complications and acute encephalitis in infants and growing *** disease causes multiple organ failure and mortality rates may reach up to 70%due to a lack of appropriate *** available genome and proteome databases,and bioinformatics methods are valuable tools to develop novel therapeutics to curb the *** review discusses the state-of-the-art of information about Orientia tsutsugamushi-mediated scrub typhus and delineates the role of omics technologies to develop drugs against the *** role of proteome-wide in silico approaches for the identification of therapeutic targets is also highlighted.

关键词： Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus Therapeutic targets Omics technologies Drug discovery

Neutralizing the acidification of endocytic organelles by a host pore-forming protein complex to expel intracellular pathogens

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Neutralizing the acidification of endocytic organelles by a ...

Fungal assembly of L-asparaginase using solid-state fermentation:a review

中国生物化学与分子生物学会2016年全国学术会议

作者： Sheng-An Li Long Liu Xiao-long Guo Yu-Yan Zhang Yang Xiang Qi-Quan Wang Wen-hui Lee Yun Zhang Key Laboratory of animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Many intracellular pathogens invade cells via endocytic organelles and have adapted to the drop in p H along the endocytic ***,the strategy by which the host cell counteracts this pathogen adaptation remains unclear.βγ-CAT is an aerolysin-like pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex in the frog Bombina *** report here thatβγ-CAT,as

关键词： pore-forming protein L monocytogenes expulsion endosomal acidification autophagy

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BIOCELL 2020年第2期44卷 147-155页

作者： SALLY NASER WESAMELDIN SABER MOHAMMAD EL-METWALLY MAHMOUD MOUSTAFA ATTALLA EL-KOTT Life Sciences department College of Science and Literature Mahyel AseerKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Unit of Food Bacteriology Central Laboratory of Food HygieneMinistry of HealthBranch in ZagazigSharkiaEgypt Microbial Activity Unit Department of MicrobiologySoilsWater and Environment Research InstituteAgricultural Research CenterGizaEgypt Botany and Microbiology department Faculty of ScienceDamanhour UniversityEl-BeheraEgypt Biology department College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha9004Saudi Arabia Botany and Microbiology department Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley UniversityQenaEgypt zoology department Faculty of ScienceDamanhour UniversityEl-BeheraEgypt

Because of its antitumor therapeutic-activity,as well as its application in food industries to improve the quality,L-asparaginase has attracted considerable attention from several *** recent years,fungi have occupied advanced rank among microorganisms in the production process of the *** review is spotting the light on the advantages of fungal enzyme and its applications in the food industry and *** solid-state fermentation was discussed as the wide alternative and most accepted biosynthesis ***,some lights were also spotted to the statistical experimental design of the fermentation process,mainly on the methodology of the response surface for L-asparaginase biosynthesis by ***,the immobilization of the enzyme and the features of the widely used solid substrates for the maximization of the production process were explored.

关键词： Immobilization Statistical designs Response surface methodology Optimization