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The role of extracellular vesicles in animal reproduction and diseases

Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1634-1656页

作者： Sangiliyandi Gurunathan Min-Hee Kang Hyuk Song Nam Hyung Kim Jin-Hoi Kim Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk UniversitySeoul 05029Korea Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large animal models for Biomedicine Wuyi UniversityJiangmen 529020China

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nanosized membrane-enclosed compartments that serve as messengers in cell-to-cell communication,both in normal physiology and in pathological *** can transfer functional proteins and genetic information to alter the phenotype and function of recipient cells,which undergo different changes that positively affect their structural and functional *** fluids are enriched with several subpopulations of EVs,including exosomes,microvesicles(MVs),and apoptotic bodies carrying several cargoes,such as lipids,proteins,and nucleic *** associated with the reproductive system are actively involved in the regulation of different physiological events,including gamete maturation,fertilization,and embryo and fetal *** can influence follicle development,oocyte maturation,embryo production,and endometrial-conceptus *** loaded with cargoes are used to diagnose various diseases,including pregnancy disorders;however,these are dependent on the type of cell of origin and pathological ***-derived microRNAs(miRNAs)and proteins in the placenta regulate inflammatory responses and trophoblast invasion through intercellular delivery in the placental *** review presents evidence regarding the types of extracellular vesicles,and general aspects of isolation,purification,and characterization of EVs,particularly from various types of ***,we discuss EVs as mediators and messengers in reproductive biology,the effects of EVs on placentation and pregnancy disorders,the role of EVs in animal reproduction,in the male reproductive system,and mother and embryo *** addition,we emphasize the role of microRNAs in embryo implantation and the role of EVs in reproductive and therapeutic ***,we discuss the future perspectives of EVs in reproductive biology.

关键词： Embryos Extracellular vesicles Implantation MicroRNA Pregnancy disorders

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Direct-fed microbial: animal nutrition and reproduction responses

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第3期14卷 494-496页

作者： Abdelfattah Z M Salem Nicolas Di Lorenzo Member of JIA Editorial Board Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and animal Science Autonomous University of the State of Mexico North Florida Research and Education Center University of Florida Marianna Guest Editor Dr.

Manipulating the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem to enhance animal performance and reproductive responses has been one of the main goals of animal science researchers and *** restrictions to the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters led researchers to seek alternative practices that can show promise both from the standpoint of efficacy as well as from the practical and economic *** of the alternatives that surfaced as very promising in the last few decades is the use of direct-fed microbials （DFM） as a means to modulate the effects of the gastrointestinal microbiome on the host immune status, health and productivity.

关键词： microbial nutrition reproduction goals promise ecosystem fermentation anaerobic digestion pleased

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Environmental Stress Effect on animal reproduction

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Open Journal of animal Sciences 2014年第2期4卷 79-84页

作者： Córdova-Izquierdo Alejandro Villa-Mancera Abel Olivares Pérez Jaime Sánchez-Aparicio Pedro Departamento de Producción Agrícola y animal Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco México DF México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca México Laboratorio de Genética y Reproducción Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla México DF México Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero-Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia México DF México

The aim of this review is to present some aspects of environmental stress effect on reproduction of farm animals. It describes the following: neuroendocrinology of stress, types of stress, stress characteristics in the reproductive process and recommendations for control environmental stress. Stress is the result of confinement and an ambitious vision and uncaring by the man, who is in the interest of improving production, has participated unconsciously, by manipulating animal production in its way, even trying to tame new species, impossible to adapt to our environment healthy. At present, it has been concluded that stress is one of the environmental factors that affect handling and decrease the production of livestock, it is considered that the main factor which should be controlled in units animal production, since it is closely related to pathogens and infectious agents that may try to the health of animals. Finally, some recommendations are outlined to lessen stress for heat, by handling and by feeding.

关键词： Environmental Stress animal reproduction Caloric Stress Caloric Handling Caloric Nutrition

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Morphological and Hormonal Identifi cation of Porcine Atretic Follicles and Relationship Analysis of Hormone Receptor Levels During Granulosa Cell Apoptosis In vivo

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第5期13卷 1058-1064页

作者： YU De-bing YU Min-li LIN Fei JIANG Bao-chun YANG Li-na WANG Si-yu ZHAO Ying WNAG Zheng-chao Department of animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University

Recent reports have demonstrated that follicular atresia is initiated or caused by granulosa cell apoptosis followed by theca cell degeneration in mammalian ovaries, but the mechanism of follicular atresia is still to be elucidated. Therefore, our present study was designed to examine our hypothesis that the changes of follicular microenvironment induce the granulosa cell apoptosis during pocrine follicular atresia in vivo. We firstly isolated intact porcine antral follicles and identified them into three groups, healthy follicles （HF）, early atretic follicles （EAF） and progressed atretic follicles （PAF） through morphology and histology. To further confirm their status, we detected hormone levels in follicular fluids and the expression level of apoptosis gene Bax in granulosa cells. The rate of progesterone （P） and estradiol （E2） was increased with the expression of Bax, indicating hormone can be used as a marker of granulosa cell apoptosis or follicular atresia. Finally, we analyzed the expression level of hormone receptor genes in granulosa cells and their relationship with follicular atresia. In PAF, the expression of Progesterone receptor （PGR） was increased significantly while estradiol receptor （ER） had no notable changes, which suggesting the increased-PGR accelerated the effect of P-stimulated granulosa cell apoptosis. The dramatic increasing of androgen receptor （AR） expression in PAF and the obvious increase of tumor necrosis factor-u receptor （TNFR） in EAF indicated that there are different pathways regulating granulosa cell apoptosis during follicular atresia. Together, our results suggested that different pathways of granulosa cell apoptosis was induced by changing the follicular microenvironment during follicular atresia.

关键词： granulosa cell apoptosis follicular atresia progesterone estradiol porcine

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Effect of HSPB9 on Apoptosis of DF-1 Cells

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期32卷 107-120页

作者： XU Yong Jie HU Mei Ling ZHOU Liang Hui WANG Qi ZHANG Xi Quan LUO Qing Bin Department of animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction College of Animal Science/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture South China Agricultural University

Objective Our aim was to explore whether heat stress protein(HSP) 9 preferentially expresses under heat stress and affects the expression of other heat stress proteins as well as to explore the effect of HSPB9 overexpression and knockdown on apoptosis in DF-1. Methods We used gene cloning to construct an overexpression vector of the target gene, and synthesized the target gene interference fragment to transfect the chicken fibroblast cell line. Gene and protein expression, as well as apoptosis, were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Results Chicken DF-1 cells showed an early state of apoptosis in the early stages of HSPB9 overexpression. In the later stages, as HSPB9 expression increased, the cells showed inhibition of apoptosis. When the cells were under heat stress, HSPB9 expression was much higher and earlier than the expression of HSPB1 and HSPA2. In addition, high expression of HSPB9 had a negative effect on HSPB1 and HSPA2 expression. This negative feedback decreased the percentage of early stages of apoptotic cells and promoted cell survival. Conclusion HSPB9 expression, although rapid, is detrimental to cell survival early during its overexpression. In heat stress, HSPB9 overexpression, while inhibiting the expression of HSPA2 and HSPB1, is beneficial to cell survival.

关键词： Heat stress HSPB9 HSPB1 HSPA2 Apoptosis

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Recent advances in bird sperm morphometric analysis and its role in male gamete characterization and reproduction technologies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 882-888页

作者： Julian Santiago-Moreno Milagros Cristina Esteso Silvia Villaverde-Morcillo Adolfo Toledano-Diaz Cristina Castafio Rosario Velazquez Antonio Lopez-Sebastian Agustin Lopez Goya Javier Gimeno Martinez Department of animal reproduction INIA 28040 Madrid Spain Veterinary Clinical and Research Services Fieb Foundation 28760 Tres Cantos Madrid Spain FAUNIA 28032 Madrid Spain

Postcopulatory sexual selection through sperm competition may be an important evolutionary force affecting many reproductive traits, including sperm morphometrics. Environmental factors such as pollutants, pesticides, and climate change may affect different sperm traits, and thus reproduction, in sensitive bird species. Many sperm-handling processes used in assisted reproductive techniques may also affect the size of sperm cells. The accurately measured dimensions of sperm cell structures （especially the head） can thus be used as indicators of environmental influences, in improving our understanding of reproductive and evolutionary strategies, and for optimizing assisted reproductive techniques （e.g., sperm cryopreservation） for use with birds. Computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis （CASA-Morph） provides an accurate and reliable method for assessing sperm morphometry, reducing the problem of subjectivity associated with human visual assessment. Computerized systems have been standardized for use with semen from different mammalian species. Avian spermatozoa, however, are filiform, limiting their analysis with such systems, which were developed to examine the approximately spherical heads of mammalian sperm cells. To help overcome this, the standardization of staining techniques to be used in compute^-assessed light microscopical methods is a priority. The present review discusses these points and describes the sperm morphometric characteristics of several wild and domestic bird species.

关键词： avian computer-assisted assay morphometry spermatozoa

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Cell-specific expression and immunolocalization of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and the related nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature rats

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第1期12卷 55-64页

作者： Wei ZHANG Quan-wei WEI Zheng-chao WANG Wei DING Wei WANG Fang-xiong SHI Laboratory of animal reproduction College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the cellular expressions and immunolocalizations of three different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the related nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature ***: The ovaries were obtained from ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) female Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 1,5,7,10,and *** we carried out the histologic examination,immunohistochemistry,measurement of NOS activity,and modifications within the NO/cGMP ***: During postnatal days 1,5,7,10,and 19,all three isoforms of NOS were mainly localized to the oocytes and expressed as a gradual increase in granulosa cells and theca cells within the growing *** ovarian total NOS activities and NO levels were increased at postnatal days 7 and 10 compared with other ***: Our findings suggest that the locally produced NO and the NO/NOS signaling systems are involved in the follicular development to puberty.

关键词： Nitric oxide synthase Nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway Ovary Neonatal rats Prepuberty

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Sperm cryodamage occurs after rapid freezing phase:flow cytometry approach and antioxidant enzymes activity at different stages of cryopreservation

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 495-503页

作者： L.S.Castro T.R.S.Hamilton C.M.Mendes M.Nichi V.H.Barnabe J.A.Visintin M.E.O.A.Assumpcao laboratory of spermatozoa biology department of animal reproductionschool of veterinary medicine and animal scienceuniversity of sao pauloBrazil laboratory of in vitro fertilization cloning and animal transgenesisdepartment of animal reproductionschool of veterinary medicine and animal scienceuniversity of sao paulosao pauloBrazil laboratory of andrology.department of animal reproduction school of veterinary medicine and animal scienceuniversity of sao paulosao pauloBrazil

Background： In order to improve the efficiency of bovine sperm cryopreservation process, it is important to understand how spermatozoa respond to differences in temperature as well as the ability to recover its own metabolism. The combination between flow cytometry approach and antioxidant enzymes activity allows a more sensible evaluation of sperm cell during cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm attributes and antioxidant enzymes activity during different stages of cryopreservation process. Semen samples from Holstein bulls （n = 4） were separated in 3 treatments： fresh （37 ℃）; cooled （5 ℃）; and thawed. Evaluation occurred at 0 h and 2 h after incubation. Membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） and DNA damages were evaluated by flow cytometry; activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and gluthatione peroxidase were measured by spectrofotometry. Results： There was an increase in the percentage of sperm with DNA damage in the thawed group, compared to fresh and cooled, and for 2 hs of incubation when compared to 0 h. Considering MMP, there was an increase in the percentage of cells with medium potential in thawed group when compared to fresh and cooled groups. Opposingly, a decrease was observed in the thawed group considering high mitochondrial potential. Also in the thawed group, there was an increase on cells with damaged acrosome and membrane when compared to fresh and cooled groups. Significant correlations were found between antioxidant enzymes activity and membrane or mitochondrial parameters. Conclusion： Based on our results, we conclude that cryopreservation affects cellular and DNA integrity and that the critical moment is when sperm cells are exposed to freezing temperature. Also, our study indicates that intracellular antioxidant machinery （SOD and GPX enzymes） is not enough to control cryodamage.

关键词： Bovine DNA integrity JC-1 Sperm viability

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Current Advances in Epigenetic Modification and Alteration during Mammalian Ovarian Folliculogenesis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第3期39卷 111-123页

作者： Zengxiang Pan Jinbi Zhang Qifa Li Yinxia Li Fangxiong Shi Zhuang Xie Honglin Liu Department of animal Genetics Breeding and ReproductionCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

During the growth and development of mammalian ovarian follicles, the activation and deactivation of mass genes are under the synergistic control of diverse modifiers through genetic and epigenetic events. Many factors regulate gene activity and functions through epigenetic modification without altering the DNA sequence, and the common mechanisms may include but are not limited to： DNA methylation, histone modifications （e.g., acetylation, deacetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and ubiquitination）, and RNA- associated silencing of gene expression by noncoding RNA. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been achieved in studies involving the epigenetic alterations during mammalian germ cell development. A number of candidate regulatory factors have been identified. This review focuses on the current available information of epigenetic alterations （e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding-RNA-mediated regulation） during mammalian folliculogenesis and recounts when and how epigenetic patterns are differentially established, maintained, or altered in this process. Based on different types of epigenetic regulation, our review follows the temporal progression of events during ovarian folliculogenesis and describes the epigenetic changes and their contributions to germ cell-specific functions at each stage （i.e,, primordial folliculogenesis （follicle formation）, follicle maturation, and follicular atresia）.

关键词： Epigenetics DNA methylation Histone modification Noncoding RNAs Ovary Folliculogenesis

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CNV analysis of Meishan pig by nextgeneration sequencing and effects of AHR gene CNV on pig reproductive traits

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 667-677页

作者： Xianrui Zheng Pengju Zhao Kaijie Yang Chao Ning Haifei Wang Lei Zhou Jianfeng Liu National Engineering Laboratory for animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction and Molecular DesignCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China.

Background:Reproductive performance of livestock is an economically important aspect of global food *** Chinese Meishan pig is a prolific breed,with an average of three to five more piglets per litter than European breeds;however,the genetic basis for this difference is not well ***:In this study,we investigated copy number variations(CNVs)of 32 Meishan pigs and 29 Duroc pigs by nextgeneration sequencing.A genome-wide analysis of 61 pigs revealed 12,668 copy number variable regions(CNVRs)that were further divided into three categories based on copy number(CN)of the whole population,i.e.,gain(n=7,638),and loss(n=5,030)*** then compared Meishan and Duroc pigs and identified 17.17Mb of 6,387 CNVRs that only existing in Meishan pigs CNVRs that overlapped the reproduction-related gene encoding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)*** found that normal AHR CN was more frequent than CN loss in four different pig *** association analysis showed that AHR CN had a positive effect on litter size(P<0.05)and that a higher CN was associated with higher total number born(P<0.05),number born alive(P<0.05),number of weaned piglets,and birth ***:The present study provides comprehensive CNVRs for Meishan and Duroc pigs through large-scale population *** results provide a supplement for the high-resolution map of copy number variation in the porcine genome and valuable information for the investigation of genomic structural variation underlying traits of interest in *** addition,the association results provide evidence for AHR as a candidate gene associated with reproductive traits that can be used as a genetic marker in pig breeding programs.

关键词： AHR Copy number variation Meishan Next-generation sequencing Pig reproduction

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