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The protective role of prebiotics and probiotics on diarrhea and gut damage in the rotavirus-infected piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1424-1448页

作者： Heng Yang Xiangqi Fan Xiangbing Mao Bing Yu Jun He Hui Yan Jianping Wang Institute of animal nutrition Sichuan Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan ProvinceNo.211Gongpinghuimin RoadWenjiang DistrictChengduSichuan Province 611130People’s Republic of China

Rotavirus is one of the pathogenic causes that induce diarrhea in young animals, especially piglets, worldwide. However, nowadays, there is no specific drug available to treat the disease, and the related vaccines have no obvious efficiency in some countries. Via analyzing the pathogenesis of rotavirus, it inducing diarrhea is mainly due to disturb enteric nervous system, destroy gut mucosal integrity, induce intracellular electrolyte imbalance, and impair gut microbiota and immunity. Many studies have already proved that prebiotics and probiotics can mitigate the damage and diarrhea induced by rotavirus infection in hosts. Based on these, the current review summarizes and discusses the effects and mechanisms of prebiotics and probiotics on rotavirus-induced diarrhea in piglets. This information will highlight the basis for the swine production utilization of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention or treatment of rotavirus infection in the future.

关键词： Diarrhea Piglet Prebiotics Probiotics Rotavirus

Supplementation with alpha-glycerol monolaurate during late gestation and lactation enhances sow performance,ameliorates milk composition,and improves growth of suckling piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1617-1628页

作者： Longxian Li Huakai Wang Shuang Dong Yongxi Ma State Key Laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Background Physiological changes during lactation cause oxidative stress in sows,reduce immunity,and hamper the growth capacity of ***-glycerol monolaurate(α-GML)has potential for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of sows and the growth of suckling *** Eighty sows were allocated randomly to four groups:basal diet and basal diets supplemented with 500,1000,or 2000 mg/kgα-*** experiment started on d 85 of gestation and lasted until piglets were weaned on d 21 of *** number of live-born piglets was standardized to 12 tion,body weight of piglets was measured and milk samples±1 per sow on day of *** d 0 and21 of lactawere obtained from sows,and serum samples and feces from piglets were obtained on d *** Feed intake,backfat loss,and weaning estrus interval did not differ among the four groups of ***α-GML supplementation increased(P<0.05)the body weight of piglets at weaning and the apparent total tract digestibility of crude fat of *** immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G levels were greater(P<0.05)in a quadratic manner in the milk of sows as dietaryα-GML *** fatty acid profile,C12:0,C15:0,C17:0,C18:2n6c,C18:3n3,C24:0,and C22:6n3 were higher(P<0.05)in linear and quadratic manners in colostrum of sowsfedα-GML diets compared with the control *** was lower(P<0.05)n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in milk than in the control ***α-GML increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P<0.05)and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria(P<0.05)of piglet fecal *** Dietary supplementation withα-GML improved milk immunoglobulins and altered fatty acids of sows,thereby improving the health of piglets.

关键词： Alpha-glycerol monolaurate Fatty acid Immune status Microbiota Sows Suckling piglets

Effects of raw material extrusion and steam conditioning on feed pellet quality and nutrient digestibility of growing meat rabbits

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animal nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 151-155页

作者： Kuoyao Liao Jingyi Cai Zhujun Shi Gang Tian Dong Yan Delin Chen Institute of animal nutrition Sichuan Agricultural University

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of raw material extrusion and steam conditioning on feed pellet quality and nutrient digestibility of growing meat rabbits, in order to determine appropriate rabbit feed processing methods and processing parameters. In Exp. 1, an orthogonal design was *** temperature, material moisture content and feed rate were selected as test factors, and acid detergent fiber(ADF) content was selected as an evaluation index to research the optimum extrusion parameters. In Exp. 2. a two-factor design was adopted. Four kinds of rabbit feeds were processed and raw material extrusion adopted optimum extrusion parameters of Exp. 1. A total of 40 healthy and 42-day-old rabbits with similar weight were used in a randomized design, which consisted of 4 groups and 10 replicates in each group(1 rabbits in each replicate). The adaptation period lasted for 7 d, and the digestion trial lasted for 4 d. The results showed as follows: 1) ADF was significantly affected by barrel temperature(P < 0.05); the optimum extrusion parameters were barrel temperature 125℃, moisture content 16% and feed rate 9 Hz. 2) Raw material extrusion and steam conditioning both significantly decreased powder percentage, pulverization ratio and protein solubility(P < 0.05), significantly improved hardness and starch gelatinization degree of rabbit feed(P < 0.05). They both had significant interaction effects on the processing quality of rabbit feed(P < 0.05). 3) Extrusion significantly improved the apparent digestibility of dry matter and total energy(P < 0.05). Extrusion and steam conditioning both significantly improved the apparent digestibility of crude fiber(CF), ADF and NDF(P < 0.05), but they had no interaction effects on the apparent digestibility of rabbit feed. Thus, using extrusion and steam conditioning technology at the same time in the weaning rabbits feed processing can improve the pellet quality and nutrient apparent digestibility of rabbit

关键词： Extrusion Rabbit feed Process parameters Pellet quality Apparent digestibility

Vanadium in high-fat diets sourced from egg yolk decreases growth and antioxidative status of Wistar rats

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animal nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 307-313页

作者： Jian-Ping Wang Ren-Yong Cui Xue-Mei Ding Shi-Ping Bai Qiu-Feng Zeng Huan-Wei Peng Ke-Ying Zhang animal nutrition Institute Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Ministry of Education Ministry of Agriculture and Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of vanadium(V)in high-fat diets sourced from egg yolk on body weight gain,feed intake,blood characteristics and antioxidative status of Wistar rats.A total of 72 female Wistar rats were allocated according to a 2 x 4 factorial design throughout a 5-wk trial,including 2 levels of dietary fat(normal and high;ether extract 40.3 and 301.2 g/kg;fat sourced from egg yolk)and 4 levels of dietary V(0,3,15 and 30 mg/kg).Vanadium decreased(P<0.05)body weight gain(V at 30 mg/kg during wk 1 and 2;V at 15 and 30 mg/kg during the overall phase),feed intake(V at30 mg/kg during wk 3 and the overall phase;V at 15 and 30 mg/kg during wk 4),but increased the relative weight of liver(V at 30 mg/kg,P<0.05).Moreover,increasing dietary V significantly increased(P<0.05)plasma aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and malondialdehyde levels and decreased triglyceride level,and V at 30 mg/kg in high-fat treatment had the highest or lowest values(interaction,P<0.05).Under the same dietary V dose,V residual content in liver(dietary V at 15 and30 mg/kg)and kidney(dietary V at 15 mg/kg)was higher in high-fat diet treatment compared with normal-fat diet treatment(P<0.05).In conclusion,it is suggested that V could decrease the body weight together with the feed intake,and the high fat could enhance oxidative stress induced by V of Wistar rats.

关键词： Vanadium High fat Oxidative stress Body weight Wistar rats

Effects of the dietary nonfiber carbohydrate content on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization in mid-lactation dairy cows receiving corn stover

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 699-705页

作者： Zihai Wei Baoxin Zhang Jianxin Liu Institute of Dairy Science MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionCollege of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University

Background: Corn stover(CS) is an abundant source of feed for livestock in China. However, it is low in nutritional value that we have been seeking technologies to improve. Previous studies show that non-fiber carbohydrate(NFC)might limit the utilization of a CS diet by lactating dairy cows. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the lactation performance and rumen fermentation characteristics in lactating cows consuming CS with two contents of NFC compared to an alfalfa hay-containing diet. Twelve Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three dietary treatments:(1) low-NFC diet(NFC = 35.6%, L-NFC),(2) high-NFC diet(NFC = 40.1%,H-NFC), and(3) alfalfa hay diet(NFC = 38.9%, AH).Results: Intake of DM was lower for cows fed H-NFC compared to L-NFC and AH, while the milk yield was higher in AH than in H-NFC and L-NFC(P 0.11), but milk fat content was higher for cows fed H-NFC and L-NFC compared to AH(P < 0.01). The rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration and the concentrations of urea nitrogen in blood and milk were lower for cows fed H-NFC and AH compared to L-NFC(P < 0.05). The concentrations of rumen propionate and total volatile fatty acids were different among groups(P < 0.05) with higher concentration for cows fed AH compared to H-NFC and L-NFC, and acetate concentration tended to be different among groups(P = 0.06).Conclusions: From the results obtained in this study, it was inferred that the increased NFC content in a diet containing corn stover can improve the feed efficiency and benefit the nitrogen conversion.

关键词： Corn stover Dairy cows Lactation performance Nonfiber carbohydrate Rumen fermentation

Effects of essential oils on performance,egg quality, nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens

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animal nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 127-131页

作者： Xuemei Ding Yang Yu Zhuowei Su Keying Zhang Institute of animal nutrition Sichuan Agricultural University

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of essential oils on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens. A total of 960 Lohmann laying hens aged 53 weeks were enrolled, under 4 different treatment diets supplemented with 0, 50.100 and 150 mg/kg essential oils(Enviva EO, Dupont nutrition Biosciences ApS, Denmark), respectively. Each treatment was replicated8 times with 30 birds each. Birds were fed dietary treatment diets for 12 weeks(54 to 65 weeks). For data recording and analysis, a 12-week period was divided into 3 periods of 4 weeks' duration each: period 1(54 to 57 weeks), period 2(58 to 61 weeks), and period 3(62 to 65 weeks). For the diet supplemented with Enviva EO, hen-day egg production and the feed conversion ratio(FCR) were significantly improved(P < 0.05) at weeks 58 to 61, and the eggshell thickness was significantly increased(P < 0.05) at week ***, egg production, egg weight, feed intake, FCR and other egg quality parameters(albumen height, Haugh unit, egg yolk color and eggshell strength) were not affected by the dietary treatment. In addition, compared with the control diet, protein digestibility in the 100 mg/kg Enviva EO treatment group was significantly increased(P < 0.05), and fat digestibility in the 100 and 150 mg/kg Enviva EO treatment groups was significantly decreased(P < 0.05), but Enviva EO had no effect on energy apparent digestibility. Saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) gradually decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) increased with Enviva EO supplementation, but the difference was not significant. The data suggested that the supplementation of essential oils(Enviva EO) in laying hen diet did not show a significant positive effect on performance and yolk fatty acid composition but it tended to increase eggshell thickness and protein digestibility, especially at the dose of 50 mg/kg.

关键词： Essential oils Performance Egg quality Nutrient digestibility Yolk fatty acid profile Laying hens

Lentil straw(Lens culinaris): An alternative and nutritious feed resource for kids

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animal nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 417-421页

作者： Vishal Mudgal Mukesh K.Mehta Ashok S.Rane Department of animal nutrition and Feed Technology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

The scarcity of feed resources with the continuously increasing cost of usual animal feeds urgently demands searching some alternate feeds for ruminants. In this study, Barberi male kids were divided into4 groups of 5 kids(body weight 17.5 ± 1.8 kg) in each group, and ad libitum fed lentil straw(Lens culinaris;LS), LS based total mixed ration(LSTMR), urea ammoniated LS(ALS) or ALS based total mixed ration(ALSTMR) for a period of 28 days. Results showed LS was a superior feed(CP, 9.2%) for kids, but having quite high crude fibre(CF; 39.6%) and Ca:P ratio(10:1). Urea ammoniation of LS was helpful for increasing the digestible crude protein(DCP)(P < 0.01), nitrogen-free extract(NFE) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) with reduction of CF content. Urea mmoniation also improved the digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre(P < 0.01), but its effect on CP digestibility was negative(P < 0.05). Dry matter(DM), DCP and TDN intakes(per kg W0.75) were also improved(P < 0.01) in the kids fed ALS. Negative growth rate and nitrogen(N) balance(-33.8 and -1.4 g/day, respectively) in kids fed LS became positive(46.9 and 2.0 g/day, respectively) when ALS was used in the diets of kids. Feeding of ALS also increased(P < 0.01) the total N and ammonia N content of strained rumen liquor(SRL). Use of straw(LS or ALS) in TMR increased the digestibility of DM, organic matter and NFE(P < 0.01), intake of energy, as well as total volatile fatty acids concentration(P < 0.01) in the SRL. The present study suggested that optimum performance of kids may be achieved using either ALS alone or TMR with LS or ALS.

关键词： Kids Lentil straw Nutrient utilization Rumen fermentation Total mixed ration Urea ammoniation

Nitrogen partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows with different phenotypic residual feed intake

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 1059-1066页

作者： Yunyi Xie Zezhong Wu Diming Wang Jianxin Liu Institute of Dairy Science MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University

Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) is an inheritable measure of feed efficiency that is independent on level of production. However, physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying divergent RFI are not fully *** study was conducted to investigate dietary nitrogen(N) partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows divergent in phenotypic ***: Thirty Holstein dairy cows(milk yield = 35.3 ± 4.71 kg/d;milk protein yield = 1.18 ± 0.13 kg/d;mean ± standard deviation) were selected for the experiment to derive RFI. After the RFI measurement period of 50 d, the 10 lowest RFI cows and 8 highest RFI cows were selected. The low RFI cows had lower dry matter intake(DMI, P 0.10). Compared with high RFI animals, the low RFI cows had a lower retention of N(5.72 vs. 51.4 g/d, P < 0.05) and a higher partition of feed N to milk N(29.7% vs. 26.5%, P < 0.05).Conclusions: The results suggest that differences in N partition, synthesis of microbial protein, and utilization of metabolizable protein could be part of the mechanisms associated with variance in the RFI.

关键词： Lactating cows Microbial protein Nitrogen partitioning Residual feed intake

The use of Lactobacillus as an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters in pigs:A review

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animal nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 1-6页

作者： Runjun Dowarah A.K.Verma Neeta Agarwal CAFT in animal nutrition Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Antibiotics, often supplemented in feed, used as a growth promoter, may cause their residual effect in animal produce and also trigger antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which is of serious concern among swine farming entrepreneurs. As an alternative, supplementing probiotics gained interest in recent *** being the most commonly used probiotic agent improves growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, nutrient utilization, intestinal microbiota, gut health and regulates immune system in pigs. The characteristics of Lactobacillus spp. and their probiotic effects in swine production are reviewed here under.

关键词： Diarrhea score Gut microbiota Lactobacilli Probiotics