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Lipo-nutritional quality of pork:The lipid composition,regulation,and molecular mechanisms of fatty acid deposition

animal nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 373-385页

作者： Wuzhou Yi Qixin Huang Yizhen Wang Tizhong Shan College of animal Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina The Key Laboratory of Molecular animal nutrition Ministry of EducationHangzhouChina Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and animal nutrition HangzhouChina

Pork is one of the main meats consumed by people,and its nutritional value is closely related to human *** lipid deposition and composition of pork not only affect the sensory quality but also determine the nutritional quality of *** lipids in pork include triglycerides(TAG)and a small amount of cholesterol and *** are the main lipids in skeletal muscle fat,which is divided into intermuscular fat and intramuscular fat(IMF).In addition to TAG,IMF also contains phospholipids,which are important factors affecting pork *** are three types of fatty acids in TAG:saturated fatty acids(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA),and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).PUFA,such as n-3 PUFA,have a beneficial effect on health,including the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism and protection against cardiovascular ***,regulating lipid deposition,especially the fatty acid composition,in pork is important for improving the nutritional quality for hu-man ***,several strategies,such as breeding,environmental control,and the nutritional regulation of lipid composition and deposition in pork,have been *** recently,faecal trans-plantation,molecular design breeding and non-coding RNA have been studied and proven useful for regulating lipid deposition in *** this review,we mainly summarized and discussed the research findings to date on the lipid composition and regulation mechanisms of fatty acid deposition and provide new insights into efficient means of improving the lipid composition and lipo-nutritional quality of pork.

关键词： Fatty acid composition Intramuscular fat Dietary factor Gut microbiota Non-coding RNA

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Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1746-1752页

作者： CHEN Liang GAO Li-xiang ZHANG Hong-fu State Key Laboratory of animal nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility（ATTD） of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows（Duroc×（Large White×Landrace）, body weight=（60.6±0.7） kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain（ADG） and the ATTD of dry matter（DM）, organic matter（OM）, crude protein（CP）, neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and gross energy（GE） reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased（P〈0.01）. The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa（linear, P〈0.05）. Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet（P〉0.05）. A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.

关键词： alfalfa digestibility fiber flow nutrient pig

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Effect of relative humidity at either acute or chronic moderate temperature on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of broilers

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 152-159页

作者： ZHOU ying LI Xiu-mei ZHANG Min-hong FENG Jing-hai State Key Laboratory of animal nutrition institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of relative humidity(RH) at either acute or chronic moderate ambient temperature(Ta) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of *** experiments were conducted: effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on average daily feed intake(ADFI) and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at acute(1 d: 20–26 or 31–20°C,26 or 31°C for 6 h d–1 at 10:00–16:00) moderate Ta(experiment 1) and effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at chronic(step-wisely increasing temperature by 3°C every 3 d from 20 to 32°C within 15 d: 20–23–26–29–32°C) moderate Ta(experiment 2).Droppings were collected at the 2,4,6,8,and 22 h after Ta-RH controlled in experiment 1 and at the 2,4,6,and 22 h after Ta controlled to 32°C in experiment *** results showed that: 1) In experiment 1,85% RH increased(P0.05) was found in ADFI among the three RH groups at acute moderate 26°C; 35 and 85% RH increased(P0.05) in droppings' corticosterone metabolites was found between the 35 and 60% RH,however,35% RH decreased(P<0.01) ADG compared to the 60% RH,and the average of droppings' c

关键词： broiler droppings’ corticosterone metabolites relative humidity acute moderate temperature chronic moderate temperature

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Altered 3D genome reorganization mediates precocious myeloid differentiation of aged hematopoietic stem cells in inflammation

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Xinyu Cui Yu Dong Qiang Zhan Yixin Huang Qianshu Zhu Zihao Zhang Guang Yang Liping Wang Shijun Shen Jia Zhao Zhiyi Lin Jiatong Sun Zhongqu Su Yihan Xiao Chuyu Zhang Yuwei Liang Lu Shen Lichen Ji Xuguang Zhang Jiqing Yin Hong Wang Zhiyang Chen Zhenyu Ju Cizhong Jiang Rongrong Le Shaorong Gao Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University Shandong Key Laboratory of animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University Department of Joint Surgery Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai Institute of nutrition and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences

Inflammation is a driving force of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) aging, causing irreversible exhaustion of functional HSCs. However, the underlying mechanism of HSCs erosion by inflammatory insult remains poorly understood. Here, we find that transient LPS exposure primes aged HSCs to undergo accelerated differentiation at the expense of self-renewal, leading to depletion of HSCs. Meanwhile, the central regulator nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) mediating functional impairment by inflammation insult induces differential transcriptional response in aged HSCs compared with young HSCs, with precocious activation of myeloid lineage genes. Altered compartmentalization and chromatin loop formation are associated with aging-related differential transcriptional response in HSCs upon lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation. Mechanistically, enhancer and promoter regions of myeloid lineage genes in aged HSCs are more accessible and display more rapid and prominent CTCF occupancy upon LPS stimulation. Our study provides comprehensive resources for the three-dimensional(3D)genome structure of HSCs and sheds light into the ordered genome organization and the associated transcriptome signature underlying HSCs aging.

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Calcium supplementation in low nutrient density diet for meat ducksimproves breast meat tenderness associated with myocyte apoptosisand proteolytic changes

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animal nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 49-59页

作者： Huaiyong Zhang Quifeng Zeng Shiping Bai Jianping Wang Xuemei Ding Yue Xuan Zhuowei Su Joris Michiels Keying Zhang Institute of animal nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Chin1Ministry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China College of animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China Laboratory for animal nutrition and animal Product Quality Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent UniversityGhent9000Belgium

To define the relationship between dietary nutrient density, calcium (Ca), and meat quality in meatducks. A total of 288 male Cherry Valley SM3 medium ducklings were fed a common standard starter dietuntil d 14. At 15 d of age, ducks were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups and fed either a conventionaldiet or a low nutrient density (LND) diet. Compared with the conventional diet, the energy wasreduced in the LND diet by 8.6% and 16.8% in grower (15 to 35 d) and finisher (36 to 56 d) phases,respectively, while other essential nutrients were kept proportionate to energy. The LND diet decreasedthe shear force (P < 0.05) and increased the lightness values of the pectoralis muscle when compared tothe conventional diet, suggesting that LND diet exerted a beneficial role in meat quality. Subsequently,the effects of grated Ca in the LND diet on meat quality of pectoralis muscle were evaluated. A total of 576male ducklings were fed a common starter diet until d 14, followed by feeding 4 LND diets with 0.5%,0.7%, 0.9%, and 1.1% Ca. The results show that LND diets with 0.7% or more Ca decreased the shear force ofpectoralis major muscle in 42-d-old meat ducks (P < 0.05). To explore the mechanism underlying Ca andtenderness, data from birds fed either 0.5% or 1.1% Ca in the LND diet indicated that birds fed 1.1% Caexhibited lower shear force, upregulated calpains 1 expression, and higher calpains activity compared tothose fed the LND diet with 0.5% Ca (P < 0.05). Moreover, the 1.1% Ca LND diet induced a higher myocyteapoptosis (P =0.06) and upregulated mRNA expression of caspase-3 (P =0.07) in breast muscle. Our datasuggest that LND diets with 0.9% or 1.1% Ca had a positive role in the tenderness of breast meat,particularly the enhancing effect of 1.1% Ca LND diet on tenderness seems to be associated with proteolyticchanges of myofibrillar proteins and myocyte apoptosis in meat ducks.

关键词： Nutrient density Ca Tenderness Meat duck

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Effects of exogenous enzymes and dietary energy on performance and digestive physiology of broilers

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 294-302页

作者： Jialing Zou Ping Zheng Keying Zhang Xuemei Ding Shiping Bai Institute of animal nutrition Engineering Research Center for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University

The study was conducted to compare the effects of XG with AG and BM at different metabolizable energy diets on growth performance, digestive physiology and energy utilization of broilers fed with corn-SBM diet. A 2 x 4 factoria design was used with two basal diets （the positive control group, PC; negative control with ME reduction 100 kcal/ kg, NC） and with or without the addition of three exogenous enzymes （0.02% BM; 0.01% AG; 0.05% XG） respectively. 1,200 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 10 pens of 1_5 broilers. There was no significant difference on BW, BWG, and FI at 0-21d, 21-42d or 0-42d for diet, enzymes or their interactions, but FI at 22-42d and 0-42d were tend to be decreased with the addition of enzymes. The F/G was significantly improved by the addition of enzymes especially in NC diet. The dietary AME and TME in PC or NC diet were significantly increased by XG or AG in NC diet. The villus length and V/C of ileum were significantly increased by the addition of BM or XG. XG improved the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, BM improved the activity of trypsin at 21d, and AG improved the activity of chymotrypsin at 21d. Comparing to PC diet, the addition of enzymes in PC or NC diet decreased feed cost per kg body weight gain especially in NC diet （except AG in PC diet） with the highest profits for XG in NC diet. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.02% BM or 0.01% AG or 0.0.5% XG could improve feed conversion of broilers in corn-soybean meal diet by improving energy utilization and digestive physiology, and also supplementation of 0.05% XG had a preferable efficacy in low energy diet.

关键词： Broilers Digestive physiology Exogenous enzymes Growth performance

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Effects of tannic acid on the immunity and intestinal health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis infection

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2454-2473页

作者： Huiping Xu Jianyang Fu Yimeng Luo Peng Li Bochen Song Zengpeng Lv Yuming Guo Department of animal nutrition and Feed Science State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of animal Science Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China

Background In broiler chickens,necrotic enteritis(NE)infection can reduce production *** acid has shown great potential as a treatment of NE in ***,the appropriate dosage of tannic acid in NE of broilers and the improvement effect on intestinal health are not very *** this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of tannic acid on the production performance,immunity,and intestinal health of broilers by constructing an NE model with *** infection and determining the appropriate dosage of tannic acid with regard to *** Challenged birds showed significant reduction in body weight,villus height,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P<0.05)and increase in the feed consumption gain ratio,intestinal lesion score,and crypt depth(P<0.05).The infection significantly reduced the relative Bacteroidota and Ligilactobacillus abundance(P<0.05)and increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and cecal content of ***(P<0.05).Challenged birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid showed significantly increased mRNA expression of nutrient transport carriers and intestinal barrier genes and growth performance and reduced serum zonulin and endotoxin levels(P<0.05).Addi-tion of tannic acid to the diet inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the number of coccidia oocysts in feces and the content of *** in the ***,tannic acid reduced the serum levels of C reactive protein,myeloperoxidase,and specific IgY and ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the ileal mucosa compared with those in the NE-infected ***-infected birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid also showed significantly increased relative Anaerocolumna,Thermoanaerobacterium,and Thermosinus abundance(P<0.05);their microbial composition and functional predictions were similar to those of the NC *** Tannic acid in the diet alleviated NE by enhancing the intestinal barrier a

关键词： Broiler chicken Immunity Intestinal health Necrotic enteritis Tannic acid

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Dietary copper requirement of broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet during 22—42 d of age

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animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 96-104页

作者： Ling Zhu Wei Wu Bingxin Wu Yun Hu Liyang Zhang Weiyun Zhang Tingting Li Xiaoyan Cui Feiyu Gao Ding Li Xugang Luo Shengchen Wang Poultry Mineral nutrition Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000China Mineral nutrition Research Division State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

This research was to assess the dietary copper(Cu)requirement of broiler chickens fed a practical cornsoybean meal diet during 22—42 d of age.A total of 288 numbered Arbor Acres male broilers at 22 d of age were randomly allotted 6 treatments with 8 replicate cages(6 broilers per cage)per *** were fed a Cu-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet(control,containing 7.36 mg Cu/kg)or the basal diet added with 3,6,9,12,or 15 mg Cu/kg from CuSO_(4)·5H_(2)O for 21 ***,asymptotic and broken-line models were fitted and the best fitted models were selected to determine dietary Cu *** results revealed that the contents of Cu in serum and liver,m RNA expression levels of Cu-and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase(CuZnSOD)in liver and monoamine oxidase b(MAO B)in heart,as well as protein expression level of CuZnSOD in liver were affected(P<0.05)by supplemental Cu levels,and the above indices varied linearly and quadratically(P<0.05)with increasing Cu *** Cu requirements assessed according to the best fitted broken-line models(P<0.05)of the above indexes were 10.45—13.81 mg/*** was concluded that mRNA expression levels of CuZnSOD in liver and MAO B in heart,as well as liver CuZnSOD protein expression level were new specific sensitive biomarkers for estimating dietary Cu requirements,and the dietary Cu requirement was recommended to be 14 mg/kg to support Cu metabolic needs related to key Cucontaining enzymes in broilers fed the corn-soybean meal diet during 22—42 d of age,which was higher than the dietary Cu requirement(8 mg/kg)for broilers at the corresponding stage suggested by the Chinese Feeding Standard of Chicken.

关键词： Copper Copper content Gene expression of copper-containing enzyme Requirement Broiler

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Effects of different starch structures on energy metabolism in pigs

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2474-2482页

作者： Xiaoqian Gao Bing Yu Jie Yu Xiangbing Mao Zhiqing Huang Yuheng Luo Junqiu Luo Ping Zheng Hui Yan Jun He Daiwen Chen Key Laboratory for animal Disease‑Resistance nutrition Ministry of EducationInstitute of Animal NutritionSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130People’s Republic of China

Background Starch is a major component of carbohydrates and a major energy source for monogastric *** is composed of amylose and amylopectin and has different physiological functions due to its different *** has been shown that the energy supply efficiency of amylose is lower than that of ***,there are few studies on the effect of starch structure on the available energy of *** purpose of this study was to measure the effect of different structures of starch in the diet on the net energy(NE)of pigs using a comparative slaughter method and to establish a prediction equation to estimate the NE of starch with different ***-six barrows(initial BW 10.18±0.11 kg)were used,and they were housed and fed *** were divided into 7 treatments,with 8 replicates for each treatment and 1 pig for each *** of the treatments was randomly selected as the initial slaughter group(ISG).Pigs in the remaining treatments were assigned to 6 diets,fed with basic diet and semi-pure diets with amylose/amylopectin ratio(AR)of 3.09,1.47,0.25,0.15 and 0.12,*** experiment lasted for 28 *** Results showed that compared with the high amylose(AM)groups(AR 3.09 and 1.47),the high amylopectin(AP)group(AR 0.15)significantly increased the final BW,average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of pigs(P<0.05),but the F:G of the AM group was lower(P<0.01).In addition,AR 0.15 and 0.12 groups have higher(P<0.01)nutrient digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,gross energy and crude ***,compared with other groups,AR 0.15 group has a higher(P<0.05)NE intake and energy retention(RE).The regressive equation for predicting with starch structures was established as RE=1,235.243-48.298AM/AP(R^(2)=0.657,P=0.05).Conclusions In conclusion,NE intake and RE of pigs augmented with the increase of dietary amylopectin content,indicating that diets high in amylopectin were more conducive to promoting the growt

关键词： Amylose Amylopectin Net energy Pigs Starch structure

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Vitamin A injection at birth improves muscle growth in lambs

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animal nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 204-212页

作者： Pengkang Song Xiaoyou Chen Jiamin Zhao Qiang Li Xinrui Li Yu Wang Bo Wang Junxing Zhao College of animal Science Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguShanxi030801China State Key Laboratory of animal nutrition Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

Vitamin A and its metabolite,retinoic acid(RA)play important roles in regulating skeletal muscle *** study was conducted to investigate the effects of early intramuscular vitamin A injection on the muscle growth of lambs.A total of 16 newborn lambs were given weekly intramuscular injections of corn oil(control group,n=8)or 7,500 IU vitamin A palmitate(vitamin A group,n=8)from birth to 3 wk of age(4 shots in total).At 3 wk of age and weaning,biceps femoris muscle samples were taken to analyze the effects of vitamin A on the myogenic capacity of skeletal muscle *** lambs were slaughtered at 8 months of *** results suggest that vitamin A treatment accelerated the growth rate of lambs and increased the loin eye area(P0.05).Moreover,vitamin A upregulated the expression of PAX7(P0.05)as evidenced by myogenic gene expression and fusion *** together,neonatal intramuscular vitamin A injection promotes lamb muscle growth by promoting the myogenic potential of satellite cells.

关键词： Vitamin A Lamb Muscle Retinoic acid Myogenesis Satellite cell

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