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Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Nutritional Composition of Duoluo Goats in Sichuan Province

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第2期13卷 12-16页

作者： Mingliang ZHOU Shan WU Qian PANG Basangzhuoma Minghua CHEN Hualong FU Jinbin MAO Pinggui YANG Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences Chengdu 611731China animal husbandry station of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Kangding 626000China

[Objectives] This study was conducted to understand the biological characteristics of Duoluo goats. [Methods] With male and female Duoluo goats as the research object, related performance indexes were determined and analyzed after slaughter. [Results] The weights of one-year-old male and female Duoluo goats before slaughter were (25.68±2.37) and (24.51±1.97) kg, respectively;the dressing percentages were (43.55±3.24) % and (43.84±3.42) %, respectively;and the net meat percentages were (33.02±2.32) % and (34.19±2.46) %, respectively. (2) The cooked meat rates of male and female Duoluo goats were (65.49±1.42) % and (65.36±1.55) %, respectively;the shearing force was (5.48±1.24) and (5.65±1.02) N, respectively;and the loin-eye muscle areas were (8.95±1.72) and (8.82±1.15) cm 2, respectively. (3) The protein contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (20.07±0.42) and (19.47±1.22) g/100 g, respectively;and the fat contents were (1.30±0.80) % and (2.92±0.55) %, respectively;and the cholesterol contents were (71.76±11.47) and (74.83±2.68) mg/100 g, respectively;(4) The Ca contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (69.53±10.89) and (63.00±4.56) mg/kg, respectively;the Fe contents were (16.73±1.83) and (14.77±0.58) mg/kg, respectively;and the Zn contents were (38.47±3.68) and (31.83±2.22) mg/kg, respectively. (5) In the muscles of male and female Duoluo goats, the contents of essential amino acids were (7.44±0.24) and (7.26±0.41) g/100 g , respectively;the contents of non-essential amino acids were (11.81±0.33) and (11.42±0.67) g/100 g, respectively;and the contents of flavor amino acids were (8.79±0.27) and (8.42±0.57) g/100 g, respectively. [Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the excavation and utilization of the resource, Duoluo goats.

关键词： Duoluo goat Slaughter Muscle quality Amino acid

Warming intensified the effects of nitrogen addition on N_(2)O emissions from alpine meadow in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 101-112页

作者： Ming-Jie LI Yi-Qing GE Hasbagan GANJURJAV Guo-Zheng HU Hong-Bao WU Jun YAN Shi-Cheng HE Qing-Zhu GAO Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China National Agricultural Experimental station for Agricultural Environment Nagqu 852100China Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China College of Resource and Environment Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China Nagqu Agriculture Animal Husbandryand Prataculture Science and Technology Research and Extension CenterNagqu 852100China Tongliao Experimental Middle School Tongliao 028000China

Warming and nitrogen(N)addition may impact soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions,but the relationship between plant community composition and soil microbial activities remains unclear.For a two-year field study in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,open-top chambers were used to quantify the effects of warming,N-addition,and their interactions on N_(2)O emissions.We found that the N-addition greatly increased N_(2)O emissions by 77.4%in 2018 when compared to the control group.In contrast,warming showed little effect on N_(2)0 emissions but did increase the activity of enzymes associated with soil nitrification and denitrification.A combined effect of warming and N-addition of resulted in 208.6%(2018)and 90.8%(2019)increase in N_(2)0 emissions,respectively,compared to the individual treatments of warming or N-addition.Global warming in alpine meadows is causally linked to increased legume biomass which is further intensified with the N-addition.Intensified legume biomass(p<0.05),soil moisture(p<0.001)and enzyme activity(p<0.001)had a positive effect on N_(2)0 emissions,while diminished microbial carbon/nitrogen(MBC/MBN)(p<0.05)correlated with reduced N_(2)O emissions.Final results indicated that N-addition has a positive effect on N_(2)O emissions,and the addition of warming further intensifies this effect.The increased dominance of legumes and microbial N content contributes to this effect.These outcomes suggest that warming and atmospheric N deposition can stimulate N_(2)O emissions of alpine meadows inthefuture.

关键词： Alpine meadow Community composition Nitrogen addition Nitrous oxide flux Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Warming

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互利作用促进了高山树线幼苗的存活

Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 115-127页

作者： Wensheng Chen Jiangrong Li Jesús Julio Camarero Huihui Ding Fangwei Fu Yueyao Li Xiangyu Zheng Xiaoxia Li Wei Shen Shalik Ram Sigdel Steven W.Leavitt Eryuan Liang Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology Tibet Agricultural&Animal Husbandry UniversityNyingchi 860000China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau(Tibet Agricultural&animal husbandry University) Ministry of EducationNyingchi 860000China National Forest Ecosystem Observation&Research station of Nyingchi Tibet Nyingchi 860000China Key Laboratory of Alpine Vegetation Ecological Security in Tibet Nyingchi 860000China Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research station Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Stationand Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-RestorationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza 50059Spain Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restorationMinistry of Natural ResourcesCollege of Resources and EnvironmentAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

高山树线被视为记录气候变化对树木和森林影响的生态监测器。迄今为止,大多数树线研究都集中在气候变化如何驱动树线动态的变化。然而,关于生物相互作用如何调节树线变化,特别是在树木更新这一树线动态的瓶颈方面,人们知之甚少。本研究... 详细信息

高山树线被视为记录气候变化对树木和森林影响的生态监测器。迄今为止,大多数树线研究都集中在气候变化如何驱动树线动态的变化。然而,关于生物相互作用如何调节树线变化,特别是在树木更新这一树线动态的瓶颈方面,人们知之甚少。本研究假设种间和种内促进作用决定了高山树线树苗的定居和存活。为了验证这一假设,我们在青藏高原东南部的色季拉山高山树线交错区(海拔4300–4500 m)的3个生长生境(林冠内、林冠外和草地)中共计移植了630株不同年龄(4–6年、7–9年和10–15年)的急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei var.smithii)幼苗,连续3年监测了移植后幼苗的微气候、高度生长、死亡率和叶片功能性状。结果发现,叶片功能性状的变化是由微气候驱动的。移植后,叶片可溶性糖和淀粉浓度以及C:P比增加,而叶面积减小。幼苗的资源利用逐渐转向更保守的策略,其背后机制主要受到了生理性状(非结构性碳水化合物和植物养分)的介导。同时,由结构方程模型发现太阳辐射、温度和水分条件在植物相互作用下,通过介导叶片形态性状的变化最终影响了幼苗的死亡率和年生长。上述研究结果表明,植物间的互利作用通过改变太阳辐射和叶片功能性状,最终在决定幼苗生长和存活上起到至关重要的作用,同时也为理解全球气候变化背景下高山树线动态变化的驱动机制提供了新的见解。

关键词：青藏高原移栽实验叶片功能性状太阳辐射

Dietary oregano aqueous extract improves growth performance and intestinal health of broilers through modulating gut microbial compositions

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 2079-2092页

作者： Fan Zhang Jiantao Yang Qinyi Zhan Hao Shi Yanhe Li Dinggang Li Yingge Li Xiaojun Yang College of animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Baoding Jizhong Pharmaceutical Corporation LTDBaodingHebeiChina Shaanxi Province animal husbandry Technology Extension station Xi’anShaanxiChina

Background Intestinal health plays a pivotal role in broiler chicken growth.Oregano aqueous extract(OAE)effec-tively exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.However,the protective effects of OAE on intestinal health in broilers and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OAE on growth performance,the gut microbiota and intestinal health.A total of 8401-d-old male and female broilers(Arbor Acres)were randomly allocated into 6 groups as follows:basal diet(Con),Con+antibiotics(Anti,colistin sulfate 7 g/kg,roxarsone 35 g/kg),Con+400,500,600 and 700 mg/kg OAE(OAE400,OAE500,OAE600 and OAE700).Subse-quently,fermentation in vitro together with oral administration trials were carried out to further assess the function of OAE on intestinal health of broilers.Results Dietary 700 mg/kg OAE supplementation resulted in an increase(P<0.05)in body weight and a decrease(P<0.05)in feed conversion ratio when compared with the control during d 22 to 42 of the trial.OAE addition resulted in lower(P<0.05)jejunal crypt depth and mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10 at d 42.In addition,dietary OAE addition increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P=0.087)and Lactobacillus(P<0.05)in the cecum,and increased(P<0.05)the content of acetic acid and butyric acid.In the in vitro fermentation test,OAE significantly increased(P<0.05)the abundance of Lactobacillus,decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of unspecified_Enterobacteriaceae,and increased the content of acetic acid(P<0.05).In the oral administration trial,higher(P<0.05)IL-4 expression was found in broilers when oral inoculation with oregano fermentation microorganisms at d 42.And SIgA content in the ileum was significantly increased(P=0.073)when giving OAE fermentation supernatant.Conclusions Dietary OAE addition could maintain intestinal health and improve growth performance through enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function mediated by gut microbiota changes.

关键词： Broilers Gut microbiota Intestinal health Oregano aqueous extract

Dietary folic acid addition reduces abdominal fat deposition mediated by alterations in gut microbiota and SCFA production in broilers

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animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 54-62页

作者： Yanli Liu Jiantao Yang Xiaoying Liu Rui Liu Yibin Wang Xinhuo Huang Yingge Li Ruifang Liu Xiaojun Yang College of animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Nano Vitamin Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province Xi'an 710000China Shaanxi Province animal husbandry Technology Extension station Xi'an 710016China

Intensive selective breeding for high growth rate and body weight cause excess abdominal fat in broilers.Gut microbiota and folic acid were reported to regulate lipid metabolism.A total of 210 one-day-old broilers were divided into the control(folic acid at 1.3 mg/kg)and folic acid groups(folic acid at 13 mg/kg)to illustrate the effects of folic acid on growth performance,abdominal fat deposition,and gut microbiota,and the experiment lasted 28 d.Results revealed that dietary folic acid addition decreased abdominal fat percentage(P<0.05)and down-regulated genes expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation in abdominal fat including IGF1,EGF,C/EBPα,PPARγ,PLIN1,FABP4 and PCNA(P<0.05).Folic acid addition decreased caecal Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio(P<0.01)and increased the proportions of Alistipes,Oscillospira,Ruminococcus,Clostridium,Dehalobacterium and Parabacteroides(P<0.05).Caecal acetic acid,and propionic acid contents were found to be higher under folic acid treatment(P<0.05),which were negatively related to genes expression associated with adipocyte proliferation and differentiation(P<0.05).Ruminococcus was positively correlated with caecal acetic acid content,and the same phenomenon was detected between propionic acid and Oscillospira and Ruminococcus(P<0.05).Acetic acid and Oscillospira were identified to be negatively associated with abdominal fat percentage(P<0.05).In conclusion,our data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of folic acid reduced fat deposition in broilers by inhibiting abdominal adipocyte proliferation and differentiation,which might be mediated by changes in gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid production.

关键词： Folic acid Caecal microbiota Abdominal adipocytes Short chain fatty acid Broilers

Natural astaxanthin enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved semen quality through the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in aging layer breeder roosters

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 578-592页

作者： Shan Gao Nuo Heng Fang Liu Yong Guo Yu Chen Liang Wang Hemin Ni Xihui Sheng Xiangguo Wang Kai Xing Longfei Xiao Xiaolong Qi animal Science and Technology College Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China School of Economics and Management Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China Department of Livestock and Poultry Products Testing Beijing General Station of Animal HusbandryBeijing 100107China

Background:Natural astaxanthin(ASTA)has strong antioxidant properties and has been widely used as a health product to improve human health.However,the effects of ASTA on the reproductive performance of aging roosters have been poorly studied.We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary ASTA on semen quality and antioxidant capacity in aging roosters and to explore the potential mechanism of semen quality change via antioxidation defense system.Methods:In the present study,9653-week-old Jinghong No.1 layer breeder roosters were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0,25,50,or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 weeks.Results:Semen quality in the ASTA groups remarkably improved than that in the control group,and antioxidant activities,the abilities to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions,increased gradually with ASTA addition(P<0.05).In addition,the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)were markedly increased in the 50-100 mg/kg ASTA group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,these results demonstrate that dietary ASTA may improve semen quality by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals,which may be related to upregulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.

关键词： Aging rooster Antioxidant capacity MAPK/Nrf2 pathway Natural astaxanthin Semen quality

Using machine learning to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction of reproduction traits in pigs

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1293-1304页

作者： Xue Wang Shaolei Shi Guijiang Wang Wenxue Luo Xia Wei Ao Qiu Fei Luo Xiangdong Ding Key Laboratory of animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs National Engineering Laboratory of Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Hebei Province animal husbandry and Improved Breeds Work station ShijiazhuangHebeiChina Zhangjiakou Dahao Heshan New Agricultural Development Co. LtdZhangjiakouHebeiChina

Background:Recently,machine learning(ML)has become attractive in genomic prediction,but its superiority in genomic prediction over conventional(ss)GBLUP methods and the choice of optimal ML methods need to be investigated.Results:In this study,2566 Chinese Yorkshire pigs with reproduction trait records were genotyped with the GenoBaits Porcine SNP 50 K and PorcineSNP50 panels.Four ML methods,including support vector regression(SVR),kernel ridge regression(KRR),random forest(RF)and Adaboost.R2 were implemented.Through 20 replicates of fivefold cross-validation(CV)and one prediction for younger individuals,the utility of ML methods in genomic prediction was explored.In CV,compared with genomic BLUP(GBLUP),single-step GBLUP(ssGBLUP)and the Bayesian method BayesHE,ML methods significantly outperformed these conventional methods.ML methods improved the genomic prediction accuracy of GBLUP,ssGBLUP,and BayesHE by 19.3%,15.0% and 20.8%,respectively.In addition,ML methods yielded smaller mean squared error(MSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)in all scenarios.ssGBLUP yielded an improvement of 3.8% on average in accuracy compared to that of GBLUP,and the accuracy of BayesHE was close to that of GBLUP.In genomic prediction of younger individuals,RF and Adaboost.R2_KRR performed better than GBLUP and BayesHE,while ssGBLUP performed comparably with RF,and ssGBLUP yielded slightly higher accuracy and lower MSE than Adaboost.R2_KRR in the prediction of total number of piglets born,while for number of piglets born alive,Adaboost.R2_KRR performed significantly better than ssGBLUP.Among ML methods,Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study.Our findings also demonstrated that optimal hyperparameters are useful for ML methods.After tuning hyperparameters in CV and in predicting genomic outcomes of younger individuals,the average improvement was 14.3% and 21.8% over those using default hyperparameters,respectively.Conclusion:Our findings demonstrated that ML methods had better overall prediction performance than conventional

关键词： Genomic prediction Machine learning Pig Prediction accuracy

NAD^(+) and its possible role in gut microbiota:Insights on the mechanisms by which gut microbes influence host metabolism

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animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 360-371页

作者： Zhongxiang Ren Yetong Xu Tiejun Li Weizhong Sun Zhiru Tang Yongsheng Wang Kaifeng Zhou Jigang Li Qi Ding Kaiyang Liang Liuting Wu Yulong Yin Zhihong Sun Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Nutrition&Health Research Institute COFCOBeijing 102209China Shandong Provincial animal husbandry General station Jinan 250002China Chongqing Academy of animal Sciences Chongqing 500153China

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an enzyme cofactor,co-substrate,and redox factor in all living cells and is necessary for maintaining cell metabolism.It has been shown that appropriate supplementation of NAD^(+)precursors or inhibition of NAD^(+)-depleting enzymes can promote mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and improve host energy utilization efficiency.In addition,increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host metabolism.Theoretically,there should be a close correlation among NAD^(+),gut microbiota,and host metabolism;however,the information is limited.In this review,we summarize the metabolic process of NAD^(+)and its impact on host metabolism,the link between gut microbiota and host metabolism,as well as the potential effects of NAD^(+)on microbial metabolism,providing a new perspective on the interaction between gut microbiota and host metabolism.

关键词： NAD^(+) Gut microbiota Host metabolism Metabolic diseases

Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis reveals differentially methylation patterns in skeletal muscle between Chinese Chenghua and Qingyu pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1731-1739页

作者： WANG Kai WU Ping-xian WANG Shu-jie JI Xiang CHEN Dong JIANG An-an XIAO Wei-hang JIANG Yan-zhi ZHU Li ZENG Yang-shuang XU Xu QIU Xiao-tian LI Ming-zhou LI Xue-wei TANG Guo-qing Farm animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China College of Life Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an 625014P.R.China Sichuan animal husbandry station Chengdu 610041P.R.China National animal husbandry Service Beijing 100125P.R.China Chongqing Academy of animal Science Chongqing 402460P.R.China

Chenghua(CH)pig and Qingyu(QY)pig are typical Chinese native fatty breeds.CH pig is mainly distributed in Chengdu Plain,while QY pig is widely distributed throughout the mountain areas around the Sichuan Basin.There are significant differences in their phenotypic traits,including body image,growth performance,and meat quality.This study compared several meat quality traits of CH and QY pigs and conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing(RRBS).It was observed that the pH at 45 min(pH_(45min),P=5.22e-13),lightness at 45 min(L^(*)_(45min),P=4.85e-5),and lightness at 24 h(L^(*)_(24h),P=3.57e-5)of CH pigs were higher than those of QY pigs.We detected 10699 differentially methylated cytosines(DMCs)and 2760 differentially methylated genes(DMGs)associated with these DMCs.Functional analysis showed that these DMGs were mainly enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway,Type II diabetes mellitus,Insulin signaling pathway,mTOR signaling pathway,and Insulin resistance.Furthermore,15 DMGs were associated with fat metabolism(ACACA,CAB39,CRADD,CRTC2,FASN,and GCK),muscle development(HK2,IKBKB,MTOR,PIK3CD,PPARGC1A,and RPTOR),or meat quality traits(PCK1,PRKAG2,and SLC2A4).The findings may help to understand further the epigenetic regulation mechanisms of meat quality traits in pigs and provide new basic data for the study of local pigs.

关键词： DNA methylation reduced representation bisulfite sequencing(RRBS) Chenghua pig Qingyu pig