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The Fate of Aflatoxin in Corn Fermentation

Natural Resources 2012年第3期3卷 126-136页

作者： C. Ian Johnston Rebecca Singleterry Cedric Reid Darrell Sparks Ashli Brown Brian Baldwin Stephanie Hill Ward W. Paul Williams Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Washington DC USA Department of animal and Dairy Science Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA

A lab-scale ethanol fermentation was investigated to determine where aflatoxin concentrated during each phase of production. Four corn samples with high levels of aflatoxin (ranging from 7750 – 17,208 parts per billion) and their replicates were compared with a replicated negative control. Fractions were taken from the fermented mash, distilled ethanol, stillage, and dried corn solids (DCS). These fractions were analyzed using two different immunoassay methods and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated no aflatoxin was found in the distilled ethanol. Some aflatoxin (13%) was detected in the stillage, but most of the toxin was recovered in the DCSs ranging from 31% to 58%. A second series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of binders on dried distillers grains (DDGs). A brewers dried yeast anti-caking binder that contains glucomannon (MTB-100?), was mixed with contaminated DDGs. Addition of the binder showed a significant reduction in aflatoxin levels in comparison to a positive control. Aflatoxin binding at 2% binder w/w reached 72.5% and showed a minimal binding percentage increase of 80% at 6% binder w/w. Testing was also conducted to determine if environmental variables such as pH and temperature had any effect on the binding capabilities. Temperature near 0?C resulted in binding at 19.7% at a pH range of 6 to 8. Additionally, at a temperature of 40?C resulted in binding of 36%, 47%, and 45% at pHs 6, 7, and 8, respectively. These findings suggest that the addition of sorbents may be an effective way of salvaging contaminated DDGs.

关键词： LC-MS/MS Ethanol Immunoassay Distillers Grains Binders

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Removal of hexavalent chromium in aquatic solutions by pomelo peel

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 65-73页

作者： Qiong Wang Cong Zhou Yin-jie Kuang Zhao-hui Jiang Min Yang Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and animal Husbandry Waste Resources College of Urban and Environmental SciencesHunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 412007China Hunan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Key Technique of Non-metallic Packaging Waste Resources Utilization Hunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 421007China People's Government of Luohong Town Longhui CountyShaoyang 422211China School of Chemistry and Food Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China

This study investigated the removal of hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI)) in aqueous solutions using pomelo peel(PP) and FeCl3-modified pomelo peel(FPP) as novel biomass *** adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of pH,time,temperature,initial concentration,and adsorbent dose on Cr(VI) removal by PP and *** results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI)was 21.55 mg/g for FPP and 0.57 mg/g for PP at a pH of 2.0 and a temperature of 40℃.The surface shape,microstructure,and chemical composition of FPP were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and compared with those of *** results show that the adsorption performance of FPP was much better than that of PP,indicating that FPP can be an alternative high-efficiency adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.

关键词： Adsorption Hexavalent chromium removal Biomass adsorbent Pomelo peel FeCl3-modified pomelo peel Aquatic solution

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Influence of early weaning beef cows on the performance of male progeny and the need for winter protein supplementation

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 701-708页

作者： Donald Llewellyn Emily Schlickau Twig Marston Karl Harborth Ryan Breiner John Unruh Michael Dikeman AgCenter Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA Northeast Research and Extension Center University of Nebraska-Lincoln Norfolk USA Washington State University Extension Benton County Kennewick USA Department of animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

One hundred and three Hereford × Angus crossbred, spring-calving cows were used to determine the influence of early weaning performance of their male progeny and the need for cowherd winter supplementation. Treatments were early weaned (EW;115-d of age) and normal weaned calves (NW;220-d of age). Both intact and castrated male progeny were randomly allotted to early and normal weaning calf management treatments. Following summer grazing and weaning protocols, cows within each weaning group were randomly assigned to receive winter supplementation treatments of LOW (1.26 kg/hd/d) or HIGH (1.81 kg/hd/d) amounts of a protein supplement containing 450 g/kg CP (DM basis). Cows whose calves were weaned early gained more BW and BCS (P P P P = 0.04) BCS but similar (P = 0.74) BW when compared with cows with normally weaned calves that received 100% of their supplement (NWHIGH). Early weaning has the potential to reduce the amount of supplement required during the winter grazing period.

关键词： Early Weaning Beef Cows Bulls Steers Protein Supplementation

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Time budget and activity rhythm of wild Great Bustard in winter

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Frontiers in Biology 2006年第4期1卷 443-447页

作者： SUN Yanfeng LI Suping LI Juyong WU Yuefeng LI Jianping College of Life Science Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050016China Foreign Language Middle School Pingshan CountyPingshan 050400China

Instantaneous scanning and focal animal sampling methods were used to record the behaviors of nine wild Great Bustards(Otis tarda)and their time budget from November 2004 to January *** results indicated that foraging and resting time accounted for as high as 46.40%and 39.12%,respectively,while the rest of the behaviors,such as walking,alerting,preening and flying,only shared 6.83%,2.03%,2.64%and 1.84%,*** were significant differences in foraging time,alert time and walking time between males and females(P−5 and℃≤−5)℃was significantly different.

关键词： Great Bustard wintering period behaviors time budget rhythm

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Study on the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Qaidam Cattle(Bos taurus)

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第12期18卷 2461-2462页

作者： xian guo lin xiong jianbin liu shirong qi zhaxi zhuoma gabu zengcuo jie pei pengjia bao ping yan xuezhi ding key laboratory of yak breeding engineering of gansu province lanzhou institute of husbandry and pharmaceutical scienceschinese academy of agricultural sciencesLanzhou 730050China animal husbandry station in zongjia town of dulan county Dulan 816100China haixi animal disease prevention and control center of qinghai province.Delingha 817000 China

Qaidam cattle(Bos taurus) is an important endemic breed in Northwest China, which is mainly distributed in the northwest of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has strong adaptive ability to plateau and swamp conditions, such as cold tolerance and insect resistance. In this study, the first complete mitochondrial genome of Qaidam cattle was reported. The circular double-stranded genome is 16 340 bp in size, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a D-loop region. The overall nucleotide composition is 33.4% A, 27.2% T, 26.0% C and 13.4% G, with a total A +T content of60.6%. The gene order and composition are similar to those of other B. taurus breeds. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that Qaidam cattle was split as an independent clade and nested within Asian cattle breeds.

关键词： Qaidam cattle Bos taurus mitochondrial genome Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Micro-sonic sensor technology enables enhanced grass height measurement by a Rising Plate Meter

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第2期6卷 279-284页

作者： D.McSweeney N.E.Coughlan R.N.Cuthbert P.Halton S.Ivanov Teagasc Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreMooreparkFermoyCo.CorkIreland Telecommunications Software&Systems Group Waterford Institute of TechnologyWaterfordIreland Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueen’s University BelfastMedical Biology Centre97 Lisburn RoadBelfast BT97BLNorthern IrelandUnited Kingdom True North Technologies Unit 14Shannon Business CentreShannonCounty ClareIreland

Globally,the Rising Plate Meter(RPM)is a device used to measure compressed sward height,to enable estimation of herbage *** improved farm management practices aided by a variety of technological advances,the standard design of a RPM has remained relatively ***,however,a RPM utilising a micro-sonic sensor,with digital data capture capability via a Bluetooth communications link to a smart device application,has been ***,we assess the comparable ability of both a standard cumulative ratchet counter RPM and the micro-sonic sensor RPM,to accurately and precisely measure fixed ***,as correct allocation of grazing area requires accurate geolocation positioning,we assess the associated GPS *** micro-sonic sensor RPM was significantly more accurate for height capture than the cumulative ratchet counter ***,across all heights,the cumulative ratchet counter RPM underestimated height by 7.68±0.06mm(mean±SE).Alternatively,the micro-sonic sensor RPM overestimated height by 0.18±0.08 *** relation to a practical applications,these discrepancies can result in an under-and overestimation of dry matter yield by 13.71%and 0.32%kilograms per hectare,*** performance of the on-board GPS did not significantly differ from that of a tertiary ***,the wireless technology,integrated mapping,and decision support tools offered by the innovative micro-sonic sensor RPM provides for a highly efficacious grassland management tool.

关键词： Decision support systems Dry matter yield Grassland Rising plate meter Precision agriculture Wireless sensor network

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Plant Extracts and Essential Oils at Concentrations Acceptable to a Sensory Panel Inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Ground Pork

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 162-175页

作者： Cynthia H. Chen John Marchello Mendel Friedman Sadhana Ravishankar School of animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA Santa Clara county Crime Laboratory San Jose California USA Western Regional Research Center Agricultural Research Service USDA Albany California USA

A potential method to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth in meat is through the introduction of plant-derived antimicrobials. Because these antimicrobials may also adversely affect the sensory characteristics of the meat, the objectives of this study were 1) to define the appropriate concentrations of olive extract, apple extract, oregano oil, and cinnamon oil added to ground pork that are acceptable to a sensory panel, and 2) to determine their antimicrobial activities against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in inoculated ground pork. Plant extracts were evaluated against two initial inoculum levels (6 and 4 log CFU/g of pork) of Salmonella. Sensory tests showed that acceptable concentrations of oregano and cinnamon oils were 0.5% and of olive and apple extracts were 3%, respectively. Ground pork samples were inoculated with Salmonella, treated with antimicrobials at various concentrations (0.1% - 0.5% cinnamon and oregano essential oils and 3% - 5% olive and apple extracts), and stored at 4

关键词： Essential Oils Ground Pork Plant Extracts Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 Sensory Panel

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Escherichia coli Expression of Lactate Dehydrogenase C Gene of Black-Lipped Pika in Western Sichuan Plateau

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animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2011年第2期3卷 15-17页

作者： ZHANG Qing-Iian LIU Hao-hao HE Qing-hua LIU Dong-qi LI Meng LIANG Zheng-xu Department of Lab Medicine Chengdu Medical College Chengdu 610083 China College of Life Science & Technology Southwest University for Nationalities Chengdu 610041 China animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Aba county Aba 624000 China

[ Objective] To express lactate dehydrogenase C （LDH-C） gene in prokaryotic system and then purify the recombinant protein. E Meth- od] The LDI-I-C gene was amplified from black-lipped pika（ Ochotona curzoniae） by RT-PCR and ligated to the expression vector pET-32a. The E. coli BL21 （DE3） carrying the LDI-I-C gene was obtained and induced by IPTG （isopropy-beta-D-thiogalactoside）. The expression products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and purified by affinity chromatography. L Result] An approximately 1.0 kbp band appeared in the RT-PCR products as the- oretically expected. As evidenced by PCR and double enzyme digestion, an approximately 1.0 kbp fragment appeared, which indicated successful construction of expression vector. As analyzed by SDS-PAGE, a fusion protein with molecular weight slightly larger than 45 kDa was expressed in form of inclusion body. And very pure fusion protein was obtained by nickel ions-charged affinity chromatography. [ Coaclusion] The LDH-C gene of black-lipped pika has been cloned and expressed in E. coil

关键词： Black-lipped pika Lactate dehydrogenase C Prokaryotic expression

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Insights into hepatitis E virus epidemiology in Croatia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第37期28卷 5494-5505页

作者： Pavle Jelicic Thomas Ferenc Anna Mrzljak Lorena Jemersic Natasa Janev-Holcer Milan Milosevic Maja Bogdanic Ljubo Barbic Branko Kolaric Vladimir Stevanovic Mateja Vujica Zeljka Jurekovic Jadranka Pavicic Saric Maja Vilibic Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek Department of Environmental health Croatian Institute of Public HealthZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Radiology Merkur University HospitalZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia School of Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Virology Croatian Veterinary InstituteZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine University of RijekaRijeka 51000Croatia Department of Occupational and Environmental health Andrija Stampar School of Public HealthZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Virology Croatian Institute of Public HealthZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Gerontology and Social Medicine Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public HealthZagreb 10000Croatia Institute of Emergency Medicine of Krapina-Zagorje county Krapina 49000Croatia Department of Nephrology Merkur University HospitalZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital MerkurZagreb 10000Croatia Department for Social Psychiatry Psychotherapy and PsychodiagnosticsUniversity Clinical Hospital Center“Sestre Milosrdnice”Zagreb 10000Croatia

BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an emerging virus of global health *** seroprevalence rates differ greatly according to geographic region and population *** To analyze the seroprevalence of HEV in exposed(animal-related professions)and nonexposed populations,as well as solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant *** Forestry workers(n=93),hunters(n=74),and veterinarians(n=151)represented the exposed *** general population(n=126)and pregnant women(n=118)constituted the control *** patients included liver transplant recipients(LTRs)(n=83),kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)(n=43),and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients(HSCRs)(n=39).HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by the immunoblot *** The HEV seroprevalence significantly differed between groups:Veterinarians 15.2%,hunters 14.9%,forestry workers 6.5%,general population 7.1%,and pregnant women 1.7%.In transplant patients,the seropositivity was highest in LTRs(19.3%),while in KTRs and HSCRs,the seroprevalence was similar to the general population(6.9%and 5.1%,respectively).A significant increase in seropositivity with age was observed from 2.9%in individuals less than 30 years to 23.5%in those older than 60 *** characteristics(sex,educational level,area of residence,and number of household members),eating habits(game meat,offal,and pork products consumption),and environmental and housing conditions(drinking water supply,type of water drainage/sewer,waste disposal,domestic animals)were not associated with HEV ***,individuals who reported a pet ownership were more often seropositive compared to those who did not have pet animals(12.5%vs 7.0%).CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that individuals in professional contact with animals and LTRs are at higher risk for HEV *** addition,age is a significant risk factor for HEV

关键词： Hepatitis E virus Seroprevalence Veterinarians Hunters Forestry workers Transplant patients Croatia

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Influence of Three Protein Sources on Performance of Grasscutters （Thryonomys swinderianus） Fed Diets with or without Fishmeal

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2015年第7期5卷 621-625页

作者： Victoria Attoh-Kotoku Dagbui Kofi Emmanuel Donkoh Armstrong Atuahene Comfort Charity Akpadie Winfred Department of animal Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Directorate of animal Production Nungua Livestock Breeding Station Ministry of Food and Agriculture P.O. Box 5779Accra-North Ghana College of Agriculture and Integrated Development Studies Cuttington University P.O. Box 10-0277 Suakoko Bong CountyLiberia

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of soybean meal （SBM）, groundnut meal （GNM） and blood meal （BM） addition in diets with or without （1%） fishmeal on the performance, N-digestibility and cost of production of growing grasscutters. Fifty-four grasscutters （9-week-old） of mixed sexes were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments, using a completely randomized design （CRD） in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with three grasscutters per treatment and three replicates each. Treatments 1-3 （TI-T3） contained no fishmeal, whilst treatments 4-6 （T4-T6） had 1% fishmeal added. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. N-digestibility was significantly high for SBM diets with or without fishmeal, 83.91% and 82.19%, respectively, followed by BM diets. Average daily gain （ADG） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） high （12.95 g） for BM diet without fishmeal. Feed cost per kg diet was the lowest （US$0.195） for the same BM diet. The results indicated that the inclusion of SBM and BM in the diet of grasscutters with or without 1% fishmeal could improve performance and it may be the most economical for feeding BM in the diet without fishmeal.

关键词： Alternative feed digestibility economic viability fishmeal greater cane rat protein sources.

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