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Amylopectin structure and crystallinity explains variation in digestion kinetics of starches across botanic sources in an in vitro pig model

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 115-127页

作者： Bianca M.J.Martens Walter J.J.Gerrits Erik M.A.M.Bruininx Henk A.Schols Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University and Research animal Nutrition group Wageningen University and Research Royal Agrifirm group Agrifirm North West Europe

Background: Starch is the main source of energy in commonly used pig *** effects related to the extent of starch digestion,also several effects related to variation in digestion rate have recently been demonstrated in *** rates of starch digestion in animals and in in vitro models have been reported,depending on the botanic origin of *** from different botanic sources differ widely in structural and molecular *** the effect of starch properties on in vitro digestion kinetics based on existing literature is hampered by incomplete characterization of the starches,or by a selective choice of starches from a limited number of botanic *** research aimed to analyse the relationships between starch properties and in vitro digestion kinetics of pure starches isolated from a broad range of botanic origins,which are used in non-ruminant diets or have a potential to be used in the *** we studied starch digestion kinetics of potato,pea,corn,rice,barley,and wheat starches,and analysed the granule diameter,number of pores,type and amount of crystalline structure,amylose content and amylopectin side-chain length of all ***: Multivariate analysis revealed strong correlations among starch properties,leading us to conclude that effects of most starch characteristics are strongly *** all analysed botanic sources,crystalline type and amylopectin chain length showed the strongest correlation with in vitro digestion *** percentages of A–type crystalline structure and amylopectin side chains of DP 6–24 both increased the rate of *** addition,within,but not across,(clusters of) botanic sources,a decrease in amylose content and increase in number of pores correlated positively with digestion ***: The type of crystalline structure and amylopectin chain length distribution of starch correlate significantly with digestion kinetics of starches ac

关键词： Amylopectin side chain distribution Amylose Granule diameter In vitro digestion kinetics Pores

Collective decision-making and spatial patterns in orientation of an endemic ungulate on the Tibetan Plateau

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 45-58页

作者：严雪婷王旭赵雨梦祝芹杨乐李忠秋 Lab of animal behavior&Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa850000China

group living animals form striking aggregation patterns and display synchronization,polarization,and collective *** many col-lective behavioral studies have been conducted on small animals like insects and fish,research on large animals is still rare due to the limited availability of field collective *** used drones to record videos and analyzed the decision-making and behavioral spatial patterns in orienta-tion of Kiang(Tibetan wild ass,Equus kiang).Leadership is unevenly distributed among Kiang,with the minority initiating majority behavior-shift *** of individual to join are driven by imitation between group members,and are largely dependent on the number of members who have already *** respond to the behavior and position of neighbors through different *** strongly polarize when moving,therefore adopting a linear *** vigilant,orientation deviation increases as they form a tighter *** remain scattered while feeding and,in that context,adopt a side-by-side *** study reveals partially-shared decision-making among Kiang,whereby copying neighbors provides the wisdom to thrive in harsh *** study also suggests that animals'spatial patterns in orientation depend largely ontheirbehavioral states inachieving synchronization.

关键词： decision-making imitation spatial position Tibetan wild ass

Environmental microbes determine macrophage response towards saponin-induced inflammation in zebrafish larvae

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第3期2卷 66-74页

作者： Adria Lopez Nadal Evelien Kidess Jos Boekhorst Geert Wiegertjes Sylvia Brugman Cell Biology and Immunology Animal Sciences GroupWageningen University and Researchthe Netherlands Host Microbe Interactomics Animal Sciences GroupWageningen University and Researchthe Netherlands Aquaculture and Fisheries Animal Sciences GroupWageningen University and Researchthe Netherlands

The microbial consortium within an organism is crucial for its development and immune *** of the host microbiome by antibiotics or antinutritional factors may contribute to increased disease ***,we investigated whether exposure to different microbes could influence zebrafish larval microbiota composition and modulate their immune response towards a saponin *** zebrafish were exposed to the antibiotic oxytetracycline(OxyT)or control tank water and their intestinal content was harvested after 30h(24h exposure,6h wash-out).Subsequently,zebrafish embryos were exposed to either OxyT-treated content or non-treated content from 3 to 6 days post fertilization(dpf).At 6 dpf part of the group received a saponin challenge until 8 *** larvae exposed to OxyT-treated adult gut content(3–6 dpf)showed an altered microbiota composition compared to ***,larvae exposed to saponin-treated OxyT-content showed fewer macrophages(as visualized by fluorescent microscopy using mpx:GFP114;mpeg:mCherry transgenic fish)in the overall fish as well as around the gut area than saponin-treated control-exposed *** macrophages were associated with a decreased expression of interleukin 22(il22)in larvae exposed to saponin-treated OxyT-content compared to ***,this study shows that exposure to different microbial environments early in life might affect disease susceptibility of larval zebrafish.

关键词： Microbiota Immunity Oxytetracycline Saponin Zebrafish

A novel real-time RT-PCR with TaqM an-MGB probes and its application in detecting BVDV infections in dairy farms

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1637-1643页

作者： ZHANG Yong-qiang LIU Hai-sheng WU Xiao-dong WANG Xiao-zhen LI Jin-ming ZHAO Yong-gang Lü Yan REN Wei-jie GE Sheng-qiang WANG Zhi-liang China animal Health and Epidemiology Center Beijing Dabeinong Technology group Co. Ltd.

A real-time RT-PCR assay using Taq Man-MGB probes was developed to detect and type the bovine viral diarrhea virus（BVDV） in *** primers and Taq Man-MGB probes were designed from the 5′-untranslated region of known pestiviral *** to optimizing the assay, c RNAs were transcribed in vitro from the BVDV 1 and BVDV 2 RTPCR products to make standard *** detection limit of the assay was 1.72×102 copies for BVDV 1 and 2.14×102copies for BVDV *** specificity of the assay evaluated on several BVDV strains including bovine herpesvirus 1（BHV 1）, foot and mouth disease virus（FMDV） and several classical swine fever virus（CSFV） strains showed specific detection of the positive virus over 40 *** assay was highly reproducible with the coefficient of variance ranging from 1.04 to 1.33% for BVDV 1 and from 0.83 to 1.48% for BVDV 2, *** this method, we tested a total of 2 327 cattle from three dairy farms for the presence of BVDV persistently infected（PI） *** this assay, each RT-PCR template contained a mixture of ten samples from different *** occurrence rate of PI cattle in three farms ranging from 0.9 to 2.54% could represent partly the PI rates in cattle farm in *** conclusion, using our real-time PCR assay, we could effectively detect and type BVDV and identify PI cattle in a rapid and cost-effective manner.

关键词： bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) real-time RT-PCR persistently infected(PI) animals Taq Man-MGB occurrence rate of PI cattle

Dietary supplementation of ferrous glycinate improves intestinal barrier function by modulating microbiota composition in Cherry Valley ducks

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animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 264-275页

作者： Haihua Yu Yueqin Xie Bing Wu Hua Zhao Xiaoling Chen Gang Tian Guangmang Liu Jingyi Cai Gang Jia Institute of animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China Chelota group Guanghan618300China

Ferrous glycinate(Fe-Gly)has been increasingly used as iron fortification in the diets of weaned piglets and broilers,but the effect of Fe-Gly on intestinal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well *** study therefore investigated the effect of Fe-Gly on apparent nutrient utilization,hematological indices,intestinal morphological parameters,intestinal barrier function and microbial composition in meat ducks.A total of 672 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6treatments(8 replicates for each treatment and 14 ducks for each replicate)and fed diets with 0(control),30,60,90 and 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly or 120 mg/kg Fe SO4for 35 *** results showed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly significantly increased average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),hematocrit(HCT),mean cell volume(MCV),the apparent utilization of dry matter(DM)and metabolizable energy(ME),villus height(VH)and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(V:C)(Pgroup and Plebeius(P<0.05).Additionally,diets supplemented with 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly significantly increased the apparent utilization of DM and ME(P<0.05)and decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas_unclassified and Bacteroides_unclassified compared with those fed120 mg/kg Fe SO4(P<0.05).These results revealed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly exerted a potent beneficial effect on physical,chemical,immune and microbial ba

关键词： Ferrous glycinate Bacterial microbiome Barrier function Cherry Valley duck

Acute phase reaction and acute phase proteins

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第11期6卷 1045-1056页

作者： GRUYS E. TOUSSAINT M.J.M. NIEWOLD T.A. KOOPMANS S.J. Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the NetherlandsDepartment of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the NetherlandsAnimal Sciences Group Wageningen University Research Lelystad the NetherlandsAnimal Sciences Group Wageningen University Research Lelystad the Netherlands

A review of the systemic acute phase reaction with major cytokines involved, and the hepatic metabolic changes, negative and positive acute phase proteins (APPs) with function and associated pathology is given. It appears that APPs represent appropriate analytes for assessment of animal health. Whereas they represent non-specific markers as biological effect reactants, they can be used for assessing nutritional deficits and reactive processes, especially when positive and negative acute phase variables are combined in an index. When such acute phase index is applied to separate healthy animals from animals with some disease, much better results are obtained than with single analytes and statistically acceptable results for culling individual animals may be reached. Unfortunately at present no cheap, comprehensive and easy to use system is available for assessing various acute phase proteins in serum or blood samples at the same time. Protein microarray or fluid phase microchip technology may satisfy this need; and permit simultaneous analysis of numerous analytes in the same small volume sample and enable integration of information derived from systemic reactivity and nutrition with disease specific variables. Applying such technology may help to solve health problems in various countries not only in animal husbandry but also in human populations.

关键词： Acute phase protein Acute phase reaction animal health Assessment Cytokine Index Nutrition

Growth performance and rumen microorganism differ between segregated weaning lambs and grazing lambs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 872-878页

作者： JI Shou-kun JIANG Cheng-gang LI Rui DIAO Qi-yu TU Yan ZHANG Nai-feng SI Bing-wen Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinfeng animal Husbandry group Co. Ltd.

Two feeding patterns of the segregated weaning or grazing in the pasture are carried out worldwide in animal production. To investigate the difference of growth performance and rumen microorganism population related to methane metabolism in the two feeding patterns, three groups of lambs （70 in total） were used： Weaning at 21 days old and being subjected to high-concentration diets （3WK group with 20 lambs）, weaning at 35 days old and being subjected to high-concentration diets （5WK group with 20 lambs）, or grazing at pasture with the nursing mother （Grazing group with 30 lambs）. The growth performance, pH value of rumen content, and the rumen microbes were investigated during weaning period and fattening period with approximately 3 months. Our results showed that lambs in 3WK and 5WK groups demonstrated a better growth performance than the lambs in Grazing group, but no significant difference was observed in the pH value between the three groups （P〉0.05）. The total rumen bacterial population of the Grazing lambs was significantly lower than that of 3WK lambs （P〈0.05） and 5WK lambs （P〈0.05）; however, the population of methanogens was 4.2- and 2.7-fold lower in the 3WK （P〈0.05） and 5WK （P〈0.05） lambs compared with Grazing lambs, respectively; protozoa were also 3.5- and 3.4-fold lower in the 3WK （P〈0.05） and 5WK （P〈0.05） lambs, respectively. The results revealed that segregated weaning lambs may have better growth performance, and reduce methane-producing microbes.

关键词： weaning grazing growth performance microorganism methane emission

An automatically progressed computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict digestible and metabolizable energy of unconventional plant protein meals for growing pigs

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animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 178-187页

作者： Zhongyuan Du Yuming Wang Mingqiang Song Shuli Zeng Lixiang Gao Jiangtao Zhao Feng Zhao State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China Wen's Food group Co.Ltd. Guangdong527439China

The objective of this experimentwas to develop a new computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict the digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME)of unconventional plant protein meals for growing *** meals tested included 1 source of rapeseed meal,4 sources of cottonseed meal,2 sources of sunflower meal,and 2 sources of peanut *** growing pigs(Duroc[LandraceLarge White])with an initial body weight(BW)of 41.7±2.6 kg were allotted to a replicated 103 incomplete Latin square design to determine the DE and ME of 1 basal diet and 9 experimental diets formulated with 9 unconventional plant protein *** DE andMEvalues of unconventional plant protein meals were calculated by the difference *** in vitro digestible energy(IVDE)of 1 basal diet,9 experimental diets,and 9 unconventional plant protein meals were determined with 5 replicates of each sample in a complete randomized *** IVDE/DE or IVDE/ME ranged from 0.96 to 0.98 or 1.00 to 1.01,and the correlation coefficient between IVDE and DE or MEwas 0.97 or 0.98 in 10 experimental ***,the IVDE/DE or IVDE/ME ranged from 0.86 to 1.05 or 0.96 to 1.20,and the correlation coefficient between IVDE and DE orME was 0.92 or 0.91 in 9 unconventional plant protein *** coefficient of variation(CV)of IVDE was less than that of DE and ME in the experimental diets(0.43%,0.80%,and 0.97%for CV of IVDE,DE and ME,respectively)and unconventional plant protein meals(0.92%,4.84%,and 6.33%for CV of IVDE,DE and ME,respectively).The regression equations to predict DE from IVDE in 10 experimental diets and 9 unconventional plant protein meals were DE=0.8851IVDE t539(R^(2)=0.9411,residual standard deviation[RSD]=23 kcal/kg DM,P<0.01)and DE=0.9880IVDE t 166(R^(2)=0.8428,RSD=182 kcal/kg DM,P<0.01),*** no statistical difference in the slopes(P=0.82)or intercepts(P=1.00)of these 2 ***,10 diets and 9 unconventional plant protein meals were pooled to

关键词： Digestible energy In vitro digestible energy Metabolizable energy Unconventional plant protein meal Pig Simulated digestion system

Dietary aflatoxin B1 induces abnormal deposition of melanin in the corium layer of the chicken shank possibly via promoting the expression of melanin synthesis-related genes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1847-1856页

作者： WANG Yong-li HUANG Chao YU Yang CAI Ri-chun SU Yong-chun CHEN Zhi-wu ZHENG Mai-qing CUI Huan-xian State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Guangxi Jinling Agriculture and animal Husbandry group Co. Ltd.Nanning 530049P.R.China

San-Huang chicken is a high-quality breed in China with yellow feather, claw and break. However, the abnormal phenomenon of the yellow shank turning into green shank of San-Huang chicken has been a concern, as it seriously reduces the carcass quality and economic benefit of yellow-feathered broilers. In this study, the cause of this abnormal green skin in shank was systematically investigated. Physiological anatomy revealed that the abnormal skin in shank was primarily due to the deposition of melanin under the dermis. After analyzing multiple potential causes such as heredity(pedigree and genetic markers), environment(water quality monitoring) and feed composition(mycotoxin detection), excessive aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in feed was screened, accompanied with a higher L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine(L-DOPA)(P170 μg kg–1)indeed induced the abnormal green skin in shank compared to the normal AFB1 content(<10 μg kg–1), and the mRNA levels of TYR, TYRP1, MITE, MC1R and EDN3 genes related to melanin deposition would significantly up-regulate(P<0.01) and the content and activity of tyrosinase(TyR) significantly increased(P<0.05). At the same time, the content of L-DOPA and melanin deposition also increased significantly(P<0.01), which also confirmed the effect of excessive AFB1 on melanin deposition in skin of shank. Results of additional experiments revealed that the AFB1's negative effect on melanin deposition in skin of shank could last for a longer time. Taken together, the results of this study explained the occurrence and possible mechanisms of the abnormal AFB1-related green skin in shank of chickens. Excessive AFB1 in diets increased the L-DOPA content and melanin abnormal deposition in the chicken shank possibly via promoting TyR content and activity, and the expressio

关键词： aflatoxin B1 melanin deposition skin color in shank chicken negative effect