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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 4-22页

作者： Xiaohu YOU Yongming HUANG Cheng ZHANG Jiaheng WANG Hao YIN Hequan WU National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories Chinese Academy of Military science China Information Communication Technologies group

Sixth-generation(6G) networks are anticipated to achieve transformative advancements, characterized by extreme connectivity, deep integration with artificial intelligence(AI) and sensing, and airground integration. The evolution of 6G exhibits two major trends: ubiquitous intelligence and sustainability. The former aims to embed state-of-the-art AI technology into the 6G network, from the physical layers to applications, while the latter emphasizes reducing energy consumption while enhancing network performance to address environmental concerns. Despite the amazing progress in recent years, AI advancements come with substantial increases in data and computational overhead, posing critical challenges for integrating AI into sustainable 6G networks. First, high energy consumption from large datasets and heavyweight AI models contradicts6G's green goals. Second, the precise collection of large datasets, message delivery latency, and inference delays in AI models pose challenges for real-time tasks in 6G. Third, the uninterpretability and unpredictability of AI models complicate meeting the stringent requirements for controllable transmission in dynamic wireless environments. Addressing these challenges and achieving sustainable 6G with ubiquitous intelligence calls for a revolutionary design of 6G architecture and AI frameworks. To this end, this paper introduces a novel and practical methodology for green, real-time, and controllable 6G native intelligence,starting with knowledge graph(KG) analysis to extract small but critical datasets, followed by the development of distributed lightweight AI models, and the use of digital twins(DTs) to create precise replicas of physical 6G networks. This leads to a pervasive multi-level(PML)-AI framework supported by a task-centric, three-layer 6G architecture. The AI framework operates through non-real-time and real-time cycles, leveraging three key technologies: wireless data KGs for efficient data management,lightweight AI mode

关键词： artificial intelligence sustainable 6G green real-time controllable

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Force and impulse multi-sensor based on flexible gate dielectric field effect transistor

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 214-220页

作者： Chao Tan Junling Lü Chunchi Zhang Dong Liang Lei Yang Zegao Wang College of Materials science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology group Corporation Shijiazhuang 050081China

Nowadays,force sensors play an important role in industrial production,electronic information,medical health,and many other ***-dimensional material-based filed effect transistor(2D-FET)sensors are competitive with nano-level size,lower power consumption,and accurate ***,few of them has the capability of impulse detection which is a path function,expressing the cumulative effect of the force on the particle over a period of *** we fabricated the flexible polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)gate dielectric MoS_(2)-FET for force and impulse sensor *** systematically investigated the responses of the sensor to constant force and varying forces,and achieved the conversion factors of the drain current signals(I_(ds))to the detected impulse(I).The applied force was detected and recorded by I_(ds)with a low power consumption of~30 *** sensitivity of the device can reach~8000%and the 4×1 sensor array is able to detect and locate the normal force applied on ***,there was almost no performance loss for the device as left in the air for two months.

关键词： flexible gate dielectric transistor force sensor impulse sensor force sensor array

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Recovery of the injured neural system through gene delivery to surviving neurons in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2855-2861页

作者： Chanchal Sharma Sehwan Kim Hyemi Eo Sang Ryong Kim School of Life science Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch group Kyungpook National University DaeguKorea Brain science and Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea

A critical unaddressed problem in Parkinson’s disease is the lack of therapy that slows or hampers *** medications effectively manage symptoms,they offer no long-term benefit because they fail to address the underlying neuronal *** highlights that the elusive goals of halting progression and restoring damaged neurons limit the long-term impact of current *** clinical trials using gene therapy have demonstrated the safety of various vector delivery systems,dosages,and transgenes expressed in the central nervous system,signifying tangible and substantial progress in applying gene therapy as a promising Parkinson’s disease ***,at diagnosis,many dopamine neurons remain in the substantia nigra,offering a potential window for recovery and *** propose that modulating these surviving dopamine neurons and axons in the substantia nigra and striatum using gene therapy offers a potentially more impactful therapeutic approach for future ***,innovative gene therapies that focus on preserving the remaining elements may have significant potential for enhancing long-term outcomes and the quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s *** this review,we provide a perspective on how gene therapy can protect vulnerable elements in the substantia nigra and striatum,offering a novel approach to addressing Parkinson’s disease at its core.

关键词： adeno-associated virus gene therapy neuroprotection neurorestoration neurotrophic factor nigrostriatal dopamine pathway pro-survival protein

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High-temperature-tolerant flexible supercapacitors: Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 426-457页

作者： Chong Peng Xinyi Huang Mingwei Zhao Shuling Liao Quanhong Yang Nianjun Yang Siyu Yu School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Southwest University Nanoyang group Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Department of Chemistry & IMO-IMOMEC Hasselt University

The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and *** review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.

关键词： Polymer membrane electrodes

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Experimental Observing Damage Evolution in Cement Pastes Exposed to External Sulfate Attack by in situ X-ray Computed Tomography

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2025年第1期40卷 164-170页

作者： WU Min CAO Kailei XIAO Weirong YU Zetai CAO Jierong DING Qingjun LI Jinhui China Railway Construction Corporation Harbour and Channel Engineering Bureau group Co. LTDZhuhai 519000China Con-struction Headquarters of Zhoushan Liuheng Bridge Phase II Project Zhoushan 316000China China Railway Construction Bridge En-gineering Bureau group Co. LTDTianjin 300000China State Key Laboratory of Silicate Material for Architecture(Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan 430070China College of Materials science and Engineering Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China

The paper presents experimental investigation results of crack pattern change in cement pastes caused by external sulfate attack(ESA).To visualize the formation and development of cracks in cement pastes under ESA,an X-ray computed tomography(X-ray CT)was used,i e,the tomography system of Zeiss Xradia 510 *** results indicate that X-CT can monitor the development process and distribution characteristics of the internal cracks of cement pastes under ESA with attack *** addition,the C3A content in the cement significantly affects the damage mode of cement paste specimens during sulfate *** damage of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)pastes subjected to sulfate attack with high C3A content are severe,while the damage of sulfate resistant Portland cement(SRPC)pastes is much smaller than that of OPC ***,a quadratic function describes the correlation between the crack volume fraction and development depth for two cement pastes immermed in sulfate solution.

关键词： concrete external sulfate attack damage evolution situ X-ray computed tomography

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Effects of carbon content on the microstructure and tensile properties of a low-density steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 391-401页

作者： Yongxuan Shang Mingyu Fan Shuyong Jiang Zhongwu Zhang Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application Iron&Steel Research Institute of Ansteel Group CorporationAnshan 114009China

Carbon can change the phase components of low-density steels and influence the mechanical *** this study,a new method to control the carbon content and avoid the formation ofδ-ferrite by decarburization treatment was *** microstructural changes and mechanical characteristics with carbon content induced by decarburization were systematically ***-Jaoul(C-J)analysis was employed to examine the work hardening characteristics during the tensile *** decarburization by heat treatments,the carbon content within the austenite phase decreased,while Mn and Al were almost unchanged;this made the steel with full austenite transform into the austenite and ferrite dual ***,(Ti,V)C carbides existed in both matrix phase and the mole fraction almost the *** addition,the formation of other carbides *** loss induced a decrease in strength due to the weakening of the carbon solid *** the steel with the single austinite,the deformation mode of austenite was the dislocation planar glide,resulting in the formation of *** the dual-phase steel,the deformation occurred by the dislocation planar glide of austenite first,with the increase in strain,the cross slip of ferrite took place,forming dislocation cells in *** the late stage of deformation,the work hardening of austinite increased rapidly,while that of ferrite increased slightly.

关键词： low-density steels carbon content decarburization strengthening mechanisms work hardening behavior

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Preparation and Performance of Ternary Early Strength Agent and Quercetin Composite Cement Sealing Material

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2025年第1期40卷 130-140页

作者： LIU Jian CHEN Meiting JI Xiaoli XU Chao WANG Chunmei Department of Safety science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Key Laboratory of Mine Safety and High Efficient Mining Jointly Built by Province and Education Ministry Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Department of Chemical Engineering and Explosives Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

A ternary early-strengthening agent consisting of calcium formate+triethanolamine+lithium sulfate was compounded with quercetin to shorten the setting time of cementitious materials while ensuring their early *** optimum ratio of the three early-strengthening agents was determined as 0.5%calcium formate+0.04%triethanolamine+0.4%lithium sulfate by response surface *** effects of the ternary early-strengthening agent composed of calcium formate+triethanolamine(TEA)+lithium sulfate on cementitious pore sealing materials under the synergistic effect of quercetin were studied by means of the performance tests of compressive strength,fluidity,and setting time,and the microstructural characterizations of X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD),thermogravimetry(TG-DSC)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The study shows that the synergistic effect of ternary early-strengthening agent and quercetin forms a multi-performance composite admixture for cementitious *** best performance was obtained with the compounding scheme of 0.5%calcium formate+0.04%triethanolamine+0.4%lithium sulfate ternary early-strengthening agent and 0.05%*** compressive strength of 1,3,7,and 28 d are 94.8%,39.8%,42%,and 28%higher than those of the blank group,*** initial time and final setting time are 41 and 57 minutes,*** to the microscopic analysis,the network and fibrous C-S-H gels generated by ternary early-strengthening agents are attached to the surface promoted by quercetin,which forms skeleton support while thickening and solidifying the cement slurry,which enhances the early compressive strength of the cement-based materials.

关键词： sealing material ternary early-strengthening agent quercetin synergetic effect response surface methodology

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SensFL:Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning with Sensitive Regularization

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 385-404页

作者： Chongzhen Zhang Zhichen Liu Xiangrui Xu Fuqiang Hu Jiao Dai Baigen Cai Wei Wang School of Automation and Intelligence Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Shuohuang Railway Development Co. Ltd.National Energy GroupCangzhou062350China Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation School of Computer Science and TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China

In the realm of Intelligent Railway Transportation Systems,effective multi-party collaboration is crucial due to concerns over privacy and data *** Federated Learning(VFL)has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate such collaboration,allowing diverse entities to collectively enhance machine learning models without the need to share sensitive training ***,existing works have highlighted VFL’s susceptibility to privacy inference attacks,where an honest but curious server could potentially reconstruct a client’s raw data from embeddings uploaded by the *** vulnerability poses a significant threat to VFL-based intelligent railway transportation *** this paper,we introduce SensFL,a novel privacy-enhancing method to against privacy inference attacks in ***,SensFL integrates regularization of the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data into the model training process,effectively limiting the information contained in shared *** reducing the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data,SensFL can effectively resist reverse privacy attacks and prevent the reconstruction of the original data from the *** experiments were conducted on four distinct datasets and three different models to demonstrate the efficacy of *** results show that SensFL can effectively mitigate privacy inference attacks while maintaining the accuracy of the primary learning *** results underscore SensFL’s potential to advance privacy protection technologies within VFL-based intelligent railway systems,addressing critical security concerns in collaborative learning environments.

关键词： Vertical federated learning privacy defenses

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in aqueous batteries (ABs):unlocking potential through innovative materials design

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science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Bo Han Erhai Hu Bei-Er Jia Ziyang Liu Shuen Tso Afriyanti Sumboja Ivandini T.Anggraningrum Anne Zulfia Syahrial Qingyu Yan SCARCE Laboratory Energy Research Institute NTU (ERIN) Nanyang Technological University School of Materials science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Material science and Engineering Research group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Chemistry University of Indonesia Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a revolutionary class of materials in the field of energy storage,particularly for aqueous batteries (ABs).Distinguished by their large surface area,tuneable porosity,and adaptable chemical activity,MOFs offer significant advantages over conventional materials in battery *** article provides a thorough analysis of the crucial role that MOFs play in improving the efficiency of *** includes a concise review of the current research progress,emphasizing the fundamental processes by which MOFs enhance electrochemical ***,the review examines the synthesis and design strategies for the structure of MOFs to maximize ion transport,improve conductivity,and enhance *** structural advantages,chemical versatility,stability,durability and functionalization potential of MOFs are comprehensively ***,we explore the distinct advantages of MOFs in overcoming common challenges encountered in ABs,such as declining capacity,inadequate cycling stability,and limited energy *** paper also highlights the future research directions needed to fully harness their *** goal is to develop a fundamental understanding and stimulate further progress in the use of MOFs for advanced energy storage solutions.

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Economic effect of China's carbon neutrality target under shared socioeconomic pathways

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 142-157页

作者： Zemiao LIU Xianjin HUANG Xinxian QI School of Geography and Ocean science Nanjing University Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Territory Optimization Ministry of Natural Resources Frontiers science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing University

Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality target. However, current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of their economic benefits. This study integrates a warming-labour productivity model with a typical integrated assessment model using shared socioeconomic pathways. It simulates China's economic development and carbon emission levels under both baseline and carbon-neutral policy scenarios, evaluating the economic costs and benefits of emission reduction policies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. These findings reveal the following:(1) The economic costs of emission reduction policies are projected to peak between 2050 and 2060, ranging from 0.41% to 9.37% of total GDP in the baseline scenario, primarily due to increased energy prices and R&D investments. These costs are expected to decline rapidly after 2070.(2) China's carbon-neutral policies will mitigate global warming, with the economic benefits of mitigation projected to reach 5.65% to 17.24% of China's total GDP by 2100.(3) Lowcarbon scenarios SSP1 and SSP4 could significantly reduce initial economic costs and advance the onset of net economic gains to 2060. This integrated assessment confirms that China's carbon neutrality target offers substantial net economic benefits in the long term. To minimize initial economic costs, efforts should focus on enhancing consumption-side transitions, upgrading lowcarbon technologies, and adopting new energy sources.

关键词： Climate change China Carbon neutrality Economic effects Policy

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