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Intraductal Prostatic Carcinoma: Epidemiological and Anatomopathological Aspects in Dakar

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Open Journal of pathology 2024年第2期14卷 54-63页

作者： Ibou Thiam Fabrice Senghor Omar Sow Kor Ndiaye Mohamed Moustapha Chérif Dial anatomical pathology department Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal anatomical pathology department Peace Hospital Ziguinchor Senegal General Surgery department Peace Hospital Ziguinchor Senegal anatomical pathology department Idrissa Pouye University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Intraductal carcinoma is often associated with high-grade, high-stage adenocarcinoma. Its frequency is variable and it is considered a poor prognostic factor. In our context, when prostatic carcinoma is diagnosed, pathologists do not always report the presence of this anatomopathological entity. We therefore conducted a study to determine the epidemiological and anatomopathological profile of patients with this lesion in Dakar. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study covering a 1-year period from January to December 2022. It focused on cases of intraductal carcinoma diagnosed among prostatic carcinomas collected in the anatomopathology laboratories of Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye (HOGIP) and Hôpital Militaire de Ouakam (HMO). It was based on archives of anatomopathological reports, blocks and slides. A total of 200 cases of prostatic carcinoma were collated and reviewed to identify those presenting with intraductal carcinoma according to the diagnostic criteria of Guo and Epstein. Results: 87 cases of intraductal carcinoma were found, representing 43.5% of prostatic carcinomas. The mean age was 71 years. Patients in their seventh decade were the most represented, i.e. 42.5%. The majority of samples examined were biopsies (72.4%). The mean PSA level was 965.91 ng/ml, with extremes ranging from 0.03 to 10,000 ng/ml. Histologically, 96.5% of cases (N = 84) were invasive prostatic carcinoma. Gleason score 8 (4 + 4) was the most common, accounting for 42.53% (N = 37). On average, the study found four (04) foci of intraductal carcinoma per specimen, with extremes ranging from 1 to 30. Dense cribriform architecture accounted for 78.16%, loose cribriform for 11.5%, solid for 8.04% and micropapillary for 2.3%. Six cases (6.9%) showed foci of comedonecrosis. The vast majority of radical prostatectomies (87.5%) were classified as pT3. Node invasion and perineural sheathing were observed in 12.5% and 52.32% of cases respectively. Conclusi

关键词： Intraductal Carcinoma Prostate Pathological Anatomy Senegal

Assessment and Visualization of Ki67 Heterogeneity in Breast Cancers through Digital Image Analysis

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2024年第2期13卷 11-26页

作者： Chien-Hui Wu Min-Hsiang Chang Hsin-Hsiu Tsai Yi-Ting Peng department of anatomical pathology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei AI Lab Quanta Computer Inc. Taoyuan

The Ki67 index (KI) is a standard clinical marker for tumor proliferation;however, its application is hindered by intratumoral heterogeneity. In this study, we used digital image analysis to comprehensively analyze Ki67 heterogeneity and distribution patterns in breast carcinoma. Using Smart pathology software, we digitized and analyzed 42 excised breast carcinoma Ki67 slides. Boxplots, histograms, and heat maps were generated to illustrate the KI distribution. We found that 30% of cases (13/42) exhibited discrepancies between global and hotspot KI when using a 14% KI threshold for classification. Patients with higher global or hotspot KI values displayed greater heterogenicity. Ki67 distribution patterns were categorized as randomly distributed (52%, 22/42), peripheral (43%, 18/42), and centered (5%, 2/42). Our sampling simulator indicated analyzing more than 10 high-power fields was typically required to accurately estimate global KI, with sampling size being correlated with heterogeneity. In conclusion, using digital image analysis in whole-slide images allows for comprehensive Ki67 profile assessment, shedding light on heterogeneity and distribution patterns. This spatial information can facilitate KI surveys of breast cancer and other malignancies.

关键词： Ki67 Heterogeneity Breast Cancer Digital Image Analysis

Role of ACLY in the development of gastric cancer under hyperglycemic conditions

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Quantitative Biology 2024年第1期12卷 100-116页

作者： Keran Sun Jingyuan Ning Keqi Jia Xiaoqing Fan Hongru Li Jize Ma Meiqi Meng Cuiqing Ma Lin Wei department of Immunology Immunology Department of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina department of pathology Pathology Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina

To investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and identify key molecules associated with high glucose levels in gastric cancer development,RNA sequencing data and clinical features of gastric cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)*** glucose-related genes strongly associated with gastric cancer were identified using weighted gene co-expression network and differential analyses.A gastric cancer prognosis signature was constructed based on these genes and patients were categorized into high-and low-risk *** immune statuses of the two patient groups were *** citrate lyase(ACLY),a gene significantly related to the prognosis,was found to be upregulated upon high-glucose *** and molecular analyses confirmed high ACLY expression in gastric cancer tissues and *** Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)revealed the involvement of ACLY in cell cycle and DNA replication *** of ACLY affected the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells induced by high glucose *** findings suggest that ACLY,as a high glucose-related gene,plays a critical role in gastric cancer progression.

关键词： ACLY gastric cancer high glucose immune microenvironment

Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling:from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 401-441页

作者： Bonan Chen Peiyao Yu Wai Nok Chan Fuda Xie Yigan Zhang Li Liang Kam Tong Leung Kwok Wai Lo Jun Yu Gary M.K.Tse Wei Kang Ka Fai To department of anatomical and Cellular pathology State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina department of pathology Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina Institute of Biomedical Research Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina department of Pediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body.A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis,often coinciding with disease *** an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium,cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease *** research suggests zinc’s involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells,despite its low tissue *** has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc’s cellular metabolism,particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer *** transportation is under the control of two major transporter families:SLC30(ZnT)for the excretion of zinc and SLC39(ZIP)for the zinc ***,the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins(MTs).This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression,with a special focus on *** also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc *** the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane,the potential for targeted therapies,including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies,offers promising avenues for future exploration.

关键词： metabolism invasion involvement

Comparison of mismatch repair and immune checkpoint protein profile with histopathological parameters in pancreatic,periampullary/ampullary,and choledochal adenocarcinomas

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 875-882页

作者： Arzu Hazal Aydın Nesrin Turhan department of pathology Aksaray University Aksaray Training and Research HospitalAksaray 68200Turkey department of pathology University of Health Sciences Ankara City HospitalAnkara 06800Turkey

BACKGROUND Pancreatic,periampullary/ampullary,and choledochal adenocarcinomas are aggressive malignancies with a poor *** checkpoint blockade is a promising treatment option for several tumor types.H long terminal repeatassociating 2(HHLA2),which is analogous to programmed death-ligand 1(PDL1),is a recently discovered member of the B7/cluster of differentiation 28 family and is expressed in many *** To analyze the expression of HHLA2 and its association with the pathologic biomarkers that predict sensitivity to *** Ninety-two adenocarcinoma cases located in the pancreas,ampulla,and distal common bile duct were *** study assessed 106 pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal/total pancreatectomy samples that were delivered to Ankara City Hospital between 2019 and *** was conducted to examine the expression of DNA mismatch repair(MMR),PD-L1,and HHLA2 *** Patients with high HHLA2 expression had a higher mean age than those with low *** HHLA2 expression was associated with high perineural ***2 expression was low in pathological stage T3(pT)3 cases and high in pathological stage T1,T2,and T4 *** was no correlation between HHLA2 expression and the expression of MMR proteins and *** Evaluation of HHLA2 expression in microsatellite stable and PD-L1-negative tumors may be useful for predicting the response of individuals to immunotherapy and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for immunotherapy in advanced-stage disease.

关键词： H long terminal repeat-associating 2 Programmed death-ligand 1 Adenocarcinoma Pancreas Ampulla of Vater Distal common bile duct

Liver biopsy in the post-hepatitis C virus era in Japan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第14期30卷 1949-1957页

作者： Yoshihiro Ikura Takako Okubo Yasuhiro Sakai department of pathology Takatsuki General HospitalTakatsuki 569-1192Osaka PrefectureJapan department of pathology Kansai Medical University Medical CenterMoriguchi 570-8507Japan

In Japan,liver biopsies were previously crucial in evaluating the severity of hepatitis caused by the hepatitis C virus(HCV)and diagnosing HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,due to the development of effective antiviral treatments and advanced imaging,the necessity for biopsies has significantly *** change has resulted in fewer chances for diagnosing liver disease,causing many general pathologists to feel less confident in making liver biopsy *** article provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and potential solutions related to liver biopsies in ***,it highlights the importance of considering steatotic liver diseases as independent conditions that can coexist with other liver diseases due to their increasing ***,it emphasizes the need to avoid hasty assumptions of HCC in nodular lesions,because clinically diagnosable HCCs are not targets for ***,the importance of diagnosing hepatic immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors is increasing due to the anticipated widespread use of these *** conclusion,pathologists should be attuned to the changing landscape of liver diseases and approach liver biopsies with care and attention to detail.

关键词： Liver biopsy Alteration Post-hepatitis C virus era Steatotic liver disease Hepatic tumors Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia Fazal Muhammad Arsalan Khan Sumayya Shawana Rahma Rashid Muhammed Mubarak department of pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan department of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan department of pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan department of pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic ***-associated macrophages(TAMs)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the M2 *** We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffinembedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry,we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front,focusing on M2 ***,histopathological,and clinical parameters were *** TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front,with the M2 proportion three times greater in both *** tumor front had a higher M2 proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvement(P=0.04),and lymphovascular invasion(LVI,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue *** demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage,nodal involvement,and *** suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Macrophages Tumor stroma M2 subset Tumor front Tumor stage Lymphovascular invasion Prognosis Tumor-associated macrophages Immunohistochemistry

Blastomas of the digestive system in adults:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1030-1042页

作者： Yu Liu Tony El Jabbour Jonathan Somma Yukihiro Nakanishi Saverio Ligato Hwajeong Lee Zhi-Yan Fu department of pathology LSU Health Sciences Center School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States department of pathology Hartford HealthCareHartfordCT 06102United States department of pathology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612United States department of pathology and Laboratory Medicine Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast *** review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients,including gastroblastoma,hepatoblastoma,and *** is a biphasic,epitheliomesenchymal tumor,with only sixteen cases reported to *** addition to the characteristic histology,metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 gene fusion is typical,although recently novel ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-c-terminal binding protein 1 and patched 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 fusions have been *** is exceptionally rare in adults and can show a variety of histologic patterns which may cause diagnostic ***,primarily a pediatric tumor,displays acinar differentiation and squamoid nests with other lines of differentiation also present,especially *** approaches for these blastomas include a combination of imaging modalities,histopathological examination,and molecular *** treatment generally involves surgical resection,which may be supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in some *** vary with gastroblastoma generally showing favorable outcomes post-surgery whereas hepatoblastoma and pancreatoblastoma often have poorer outcomes,particularly in the setting of *** review highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing these rare adult blastomas as well as the need for ongoing research to better understand their pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.

关键词： Adult blastomas Gastroblastoma Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Digestive system

A systematic review of salivary biomarkers in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2613-2625页

作者： Maria Ilenia De Bartolo Daniele Belvisi Romina Mancinelli Matteo Costanzo Claudia Caturano Giorgio Leodori Alfredo Berardelli Giovanni Fabbrini Giorgio Vivacqua IRCCS Neuromed PozzilliItaly department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly department of anatomical HistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy-Integrated Research Center(PRAAB)-Campus Biomedico University of Rome RomeItaly

The search fo r reliable and easily accessible biomarkers in Parkinson's disease is receiving a growing emphasis,to detect neurodegeneration from the prodromal phase and to enforce disease-modifying *** the need for non-invasively accessible biomarke rs,the majo rity of the studies have pointed to cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral biopsies biomarkers,which require invasive collection *** represents an easily accessible biofluid and an incredibly wide source of molecular *** the present study,after presenting the morphological and biological bases for looking at saliva in the search of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease,we systematically reviewed the results achieved so far in the saliva of different cohorts of Parkinson's disease patients.A comprehensive literature search on PubMed and SCOPUS led to the discovery of *** screening and exclusion,34 relevant articles were derived fo r systematic ***-synuclein,the histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease,has been the most investigated Parkinson's disease biomarker in saliva,with oligomeric alphasynuclein consistently found increased in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison to healthy controls,while conflicting results have been reported regarding the levels of total alpha-synuclein and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein,and few studies described an increased oligomeric alpha-synuclein/total alpha-synuclein ratio in Parkinson's *** alpha-synuclein,other biomarkers to rgeting diffe rent molecular pathways have been explored in the saliva of Parkinson's disease patients:total tau,phosphorylated tau,amyloid-β1-42(pathological protein aggregation biomarkers);DJ-1,heme-oxygenase-l,metabolites(alte red energy homeostasis biomarkers);MAPLC-3beta(aberrant proteostasis biomarker);cortisol,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(inflammation biomarkers);DNA methylation,miRNA(DNA/RNA defects biomarkers);acetylcholinesterase activity(synaptic and neuronal network

关键词： alpha-synuclein amyloid-beta autophagy DJ-1 neurodegeneration neuroinflammation Parkinson's disease salivary biomarkers tau