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The δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and common millet(Panicum miliaceum)are reliable indicators of manuring practices

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2910-2923页

作者： Jishuai YANG Xiaoyan YANG Ting YOU Fahu CHEN Key Scientific Research Base of Bioarchaeology in Cold and Arid Regions(National Cultural Heritage Administration) Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education)College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(alpha) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Millet agriculture,which originated in northern China,alongside rice agriculture,have nurtured the Chinese *** manuring practices likely promoted and maintained sustainable millet agricultural production in the loess area of northern ***,ongoing controversy exists regarding the indicators of prehistoric manuring intensity of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and common millet(Panicum miliaceum).Here,we present the results of pot and field fertilization experiments on two millet *** findings suggest that manuring can significantly increase the δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet,and its δ^(15)N values increase with increasing manuring *** δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet leaves are systematically greater than those of grains by approximately 1.6‰.Manuring could have a long-term residual impact on increasing the δ^(15)N values of soil and millet *** with previous crop fertilization experiment results,we propose that the impact of manuring on the δ^(15)N values of non-nitrogen-fixing crops is roughly *** δ^(15)N value and amount of manure are key factors determining the extent of change in plant δ^(15)N *** millet grain δ^(15)N values can serve as reliable indicators of manuring ***,we provide an interpretive framework for assessing the correlation between manuring levels and the δ^(15)N values of archaeological millet *** δ^(15)N values of ancient millet grains suggest widespread and intensive manuring practices in prehistoric millet agriculture in northern China,spanning from the early Yangshao period to the Longshan period.

关键词： Millet farming Manuring experiment Farming system Archaeobotany North China

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Structural Dependence Learning Based on Self-attention for Face Alignment

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第3期21卷 514-525页

作者： Biying Li Zhiwei Liu Wei Zhou Haiyun Guo Xin Wen Min Huang Jinqiao Wang Foundation Model Research Center Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China alpha(Beijing)Private Equity Beijing100083China School of Computer Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China

Self-attention aggregates similar feature information to enhance the features. However, the attention covers nonface areas in face alignment, which may be disturbed in challenging cases, such as occlusions, and fails to predict landmarks. In addition, the learned feature similarity variance is not large enough in the experiment. To this end, we propose structural dependence learning based on self-attention for face alignment (SSFA). It limits the self-attention learning to the facial range and adaptively builds the significant landmark structure dependency. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, SSFA effectively improves the performance on several standard facial landmark detection benchmarks and adapts more in challenging cases.

关键词： Computer vision face alignment self-attention facial structure contextual information

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Geotechnical risk management to prevent coal outburst in room-and-pillar mining

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 9-18页

作者： zhang peter peterson scott neilans dan wade scott mc grady ryan pugh joe alpha natural resources Inc. Waynesburg 15370 USA

A coal outburst is a severe safety hazard in room-and-pillar mining under deep cover. It is more likely to occur during pillar retreating. Multi-seam mining dramatically increases the risk of coal outburst within the influence zones created by remnant pillars and gob-solid boundaries. Though coal outburst is generally associated with heavy loading of coal pillars,its occurrence is difficult to predict. Risk management provides a proactive tool to minimize coal outburst in room-and-pillar mining under deep cover. Risk assessment is the first step in identifying and quantifying outburst risk factors. The primary risk factors for coal outburst are overburden depth,roof and floor strength,geological anomalies,mining type,multi-seam mining,and panel width. A risk assessment chart can be used to proactively screen out mining sections with high risk of coal outburst for further analysis. Gob-solid boundaries and remnant pillars are critical factors in evaluation of the coal outburst risk of multi-seam mining. Risk identification,risk assessment,geologic influence mapping,geotechnical evaluation,risk analysis,risk mitigation,and monitoring are essential elements of coal outburst risk management process. Training is an integral part of risk management for risk identification and communication between all the stakeholders including management,technical and safety personnel,and miners.

关键词： Coal outburstPillar retreatingPillar stabilityRisk management

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气候变化以两种不同方式驱动了丝绸之路路线的变迁

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Science Bulletin 2024年第8期69卷 1153-1160页

作者：王海鹏陈建徽仇梦晗史志林张盛达董广辉马帅艾涛任冠陈发虎 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Dunhuang Studies School of History&CultureLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography and Remote Sensing Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Ürümqi 830011China Archaeology of Northern Ethnicity Institute Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China alpha State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and ResourcesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Although climate change has convincingly been linked to the evolution of human civilization on different temporal scales,its role in influencing the spatial patterns of ancient civilizations has rarely been investigated,The northward shift of the ancient Silk Road(SR)route from the Tarim Basin(TB)to the Junggar Basin during~420-850 CE provides the opportunity to investigate the relationship between climate change and the spatial evolution of human ***,we use a new high-resolution chironomidbased temperature reconstruction from arid China,combined with hydroclimatic and historical datasets,to assess the possible effects of climate fluctuations on the shift of the ancient SR route,We found that a cooling/drying climate in the TB triggered the SR route shift during~420-600 CE,However,a warming/wetting climate during~600-850 CE did not inhibit this shift,but instead promoted it,because of the favorable climate-induced geopolitical conflicts between the Tubo Kingdom and the Tang Dynasty in the *** findings reveal two distinct ways in which climate change drove the spatial evolution of human civilization,and they demonstrate the flexibility of societal responses to climate change.

关键词： Chironomids Temperature reconstruction Water resources Geopolitical conflicts

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Effects of long-term fencing on soil microbial community structure and function in the desert steppe,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第3期16卷 431-446页

作者： PAN Yaqing KANG Peng QU Xuan RAN Yichao LI Xinrong Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Biological Science and Engineering North Minzu UniversityYinchuan 750021China

One of the goals of grazing management in the desert steppe is to improve its ***,relatively little is known about soil microbe communities in the desert steppe ecosystem under grazing *** this study,we investigated the diversity and aboveground biomass of Caragana korshinskii *** communities in long-term fencing and grazing areas,combined with an analysis of soil physical-chemical properties and genomics,with the aim of understanding how fence management affects plant-soil-microbial inter-relationships in the desert steppe,*** results showed that fence management(exclosure)increased plant diversity and aboveground biomass in *** shrub area and effectively enhanced soil organic carbon(233.94%),available nitrogen(87.77%),and available phosphorus(53.67%)*** well,the Shannon indices of soil bacteria and fungi were greater in the fenced ***-soil changes profoundly affected the alpha-and beta-diversity of soil *** management also altered the soil microbial community structure,significantly increasing the relative abundances of Acidobacteriota(5.31%-8.99%),Chloroflexi(3.99%-5.58%),and Glomeromycota(1.37%-3.28%).The soil bacterial-fungal co-occurrence networks under fence management had higher complexity and *** on functional predictions,fence management significantly increased the relative abundance of bacteria with nitrification and nitrate reduction functions and decreased the relative abundance of bacteria with nitrate and nitrite respiration *** relative abundances of ecologically functional fungi with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,ectomycorrhizal fungi,and saprotrophs also significantly increased under fence *** addition,the differential functional groups of bacteria and fungi were closely related to plant-soil *** results of this study have significant positive implications for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of dry desert steppe and simila

关键词： desert steppe fence management Caragana korshinskii soil physical-chemical property soil microorganism

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Immunomodulatory Function of Pien Tze Huang in T Cell-Mediated Anti-tumor Activity against B16-F10,MC38 and Hep1-6 Tumor Models

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 348-358页

作者： FU Yu-bing LIU Chen-feng WANG Jin-jia JI Xiao-lin TANG Rong-han LIAO Kun-yu CHEN Ling-yue HONG Ya-zhen FAN Bin-bin WANG Shi-cong LIU Wen-Hsien State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian Province(361102)China Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of natural Medicine Research and Development ZhangzhouFujian Province(363000)China

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of Pien Tze Huang(PZH)in mouse models of B16–F10 melanoma,MC38 colorectal cancer,Hep1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma *** Various tumor models,including B16–F10,MC38 and Hep1-6 tumor hypodermic inoculation models,B16–F10 and Hep1-6 pulmonary metastasis models,Hep1-6 orthotopic implantation model,and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma model,were utilized to evaluate the anti-tumor function of *** growth was assessed by measuring tumor size and weight of solid tumors isolated from C57BL/6 *** cell proliferation and death of tumor cells in vitro,as well as T cell activation markers,cytokine production and immune checkpoints analysis,single-cell suspensions were prepared from mouse spleen,lymph nodes,and tumors after PZH *** PZH demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth(P0.05).Nevertheless,PZH exhibited a remarkable ability to enhance T cell activation and the production of interferon gamma,tumor necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin 2 in CD4^(+)T cells in vitro(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Importantly,PZH substantially inhibited T cell exhaustion and boosted cytokine production by tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion This study has confirmed a novel immunomodulatory function of PZH in T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity,indicating that PZH holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

关键词： Pien Tze Huang metastasis anti-tumor immunity T cell activation T cell exhaustion immune checkpoints Chinese medicine

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Reconciling East Asia’s mid-Holocene temperature discrepancy through vegetation-climate feedback

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Science Bulletin 2024年第15期69卷 2420-2429页

作者： Jie Chen Qiong Zhang Zhengyao Lu Yanwu Duan Xianyong Cao Jianping Huang Fahu Chen Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22100Sweden Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(alpha) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research(ITPCAS)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The term“Holocene temperature conundrum”refers to the inconsistencies between proxy-based reconstructions and transient model simulations,and it challenges our understanding of global temperature evolution during the *** reconstructions indicate a cooling trend following the Holocene Thermal Maximum,while model simulations indicate a consistent warming trend due to icesheet retreat and rising greenhouse gas *** factors,such as seasonal biases and overlooked feedback processes,have been proposed as potential causes for this *** this study,we examined the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the temperature anomaly patterns in East Asia during the mid-Holocene(~6 ka).By utilizing the fully coupled Earth system model EC-Earth and performing simulations with and without coupled dynamic vegetation,our objective was to isolate the influence of vegetation changes on regional temperature *** findings reveal that vegetation-climate feedback contributed to warming across most of East Asia,resulting in spatially diverse temperature changes during the mid-Holocene and significantly improved model-data *** results high-light the crucial role of vegetation-climate feedback in addressing the Holocene temperature conundrum and emphasize its importance for simulating accurate climate scenarios.

关键词： Holocene temperature conundrum Holocene Thermal Maximum Vegetation-climate feedback East Asia Paleoclimate simulations

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“Mega-sandwich pattern”of interdecadal precipitation variations and its regional manifestation in the Asian summer precipitation region

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Science Bulletin 2024年第17期69卷 2656-2659页

作者： Fahu Chen Lingxin Huang Dianbin Cao Jie Chen Shengqian Chen Shuai Ma Tianjun Zhou Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation Group(alpha) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is an important link between the South Asian monsoon(SAM)region,the East Asian monsoon region,and the drylands of Central *** changes within these regions are dominated by both the monsoon and the *** has prompted the scientific community to adopt a broad spatial perspective,proposing concepts such as the"Pan-Third Poleoor"Asian summer precipitationo,to better understand the regional climate dynamics,their driving mechanisms,and the resulting major ecological and environmental impacts.

关键词： Asian monsoon precipitation

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Influence of Interspecies interactions on bacterial community assembly in the active and permafrost layers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Hongfei Chi Xiufeng Yin Xuefeng Zhang Jingyi Zhu Lin Zhao Yongcui Deng Pengfei Liu Yongqin Liu College of Ecology， Lanzhou University Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment， Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science， Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and resources， Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System， resources and Environment (TPESRE)， Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research， Chinese Academy of Sciences College of resources and Environment， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geographical Sciences， Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Geography， Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application

Bacterial communities play a crucial role in permafrost biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function maintenance. Bacterial interaction is one of the main factors in shaping soil bacterial communities. However， how would bacterial interaction influence the bacterial communities in permafrost of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) remains largely unknown. Here we collected paired soil samples from both the active and permafrost layers of two typical QTP permafrost regions in October 2020 for Tuotuohe River (TTH) and May 2022 for Aerjin (ARJ)， and investigated the bacterial communities and the role of interactions in structuring the bacterial community and its assembly process through amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our study revealed distinct bacterial communities， with significant differences in the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (Palpha-diversity and played a significant role in community variation and assembly process. Our findings also showed that the community assembly in both the active and permafrost layers was primarily driven by homogeneous selection of deterministic processes， with interspecies interactions accounting for more than 58% and 63% of all assembly mechanisms， respectively. This is the first study to quantify the contribution of bacterial interactions in shaping the bacterial community and its assembly process in permafrost of QTP， highlighting the importance of considering interspecies interactions in future modeling efforts. Our work also emphasizes the necessity of including interspecies interactions in microbial process projections to reduce uncertainty.

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Next-generation sequencing revealed specific microbial symbionts in Porites lutea with pigment abnormalities in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第12期37卷 78-84页

作者： OU Danyun CHEN Bin HADI Tri Aryono SUHARSONO NIU Wentao ALFIANSAH Yustian Rovi Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Research Center for Oceanography Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Bacterial diseases affecting corals pose an enormous threat to the health of coral reefs. The relationship between certain bacterial species and coral diseases remain largely unknown. Pigment abnormalities are common in Porites lutea. Here we used Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the bacterial communities associated with healthy P. lutea and P. lutea with pigment abnormalities. We observed an increase of alpha diversity of the bacterial community of P. lutea with pigment abnormalities, relative to healthy corals. We then identified changes in the abundance of individual operational taxonomic units(OTUs) between pigmented and healthy corals. We were able to identify eight OTUs associated with pigment abnormalities, which are possibly the causative agents of pigment abnormalities.

关键词： Porites lutea pigment abnormalities next-generation sequencing 16S rRNA bacterial diversity

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