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Validity,reliability,and measurement invariance of an adapted short version of the HIV stigma scale among perinatally HIV infected adolescents at the Kenyan coast

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： Stanley W.Wanjala Derrick Ssewanyana Patrick N.Mwangala Carophine Nasambu Esther Chongwo Stanley Luchters Charles R.J.C.Newton Amina Abubakar Department of Public Health and Primary Care Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Department of Social Sciences Pwani UniversityBox 195KilifiKenya Neuroassessment Group KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine Research(Coast)KilifiKenya alliance for human development Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteTorontoCanada Institute for human development Aga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia Department of Population Health Medical CollegeAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya Department of Public Health Pwani UniversityKilifiKenya Department of Psychiatry University of OxfordOxfordUK

Background:There is a dearth of instruments that have been developed and validated for use with children living with HIV under the age of 17 years in the Kenyan *** examined the psychometric properties and measure-ment invariance of a short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale administered to perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in a rural setting on the Kenyan ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents aged 12-17 years between November 2017 and October 2018.A short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale(HSS-40)containing twelve items(HSS-12)covering the four dimensions of stigma was *** psychometric assessment included exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),and multi-group ***,scale reliability was evaluated as internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s ***:Evaluation of the reliability and construct validity of the HSS-12 indicated insufficient reliability on three of the four ***,Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)was conducted to identify problematic items and determine ways to enhance the scale’s *** on the EFA results,two items were *** Swahili version of this new 10-item HIV stigma scale(HSS-10)demonstrated excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.86(95%confidence interval(CI)0.84-0.89).Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that a unidimensional model best fitted the *** HSS-10 presented a good fit(overall Comparative Fit Index=0.976,Tucker Lewis Index=0.969,Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.040,Standardised Root Mean Residual=0.045).Additionally,multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance across gender and age groups at the strict invariance level asΔCFI was≤***:Our findings indicate that the HSS-10 has good psychometric properties and is appropriate for evaluat-ing HIV stigma among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents on the Kenyan ***,stud

关键词： Stigma Adolescents HIV/AIDS Psychometrics Measurement invariance Kenya

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Integrating climate, biodiversity, and sustainable land-use strategies:innovations from China

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 13-17页

作者： Guido Schmidt-Traub Harvey Locke Jixi Gao Zhiyun Ouyang Justin Adams Lin Li Enric Sala M.Rebecca Shaw Sebastian Troёng Jing Xu Chunquan Zhu Changxin Zou Tianxiao Ma Fuwen Wei Sustainable development Solutions Network Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative Center for Satellite Applications on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Tropical Forest alliance World Economic Forum Worldwide Fund for Nature National Geographic Society Conservation International Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Nature Initiatives and Tropical Forest alliance World Economic Forum Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

To reverse the accelerating degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services(‘nature’) and climate [1,2], the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will hold major meetings in 2021. We argue that, as a critical priority, countries need to design and implement integrated national strategies to achieve the goals of the three Rio Conventions (including the UN Convention to Combat Desertification—UNCCD) using spatially explicit analyses and policies. This integration can maximize co-benefits and help manage trade-offs to meet the Sustainable development Goals(SDGs). Nature-based solutions (NBS)provide an important framework for such integration.

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Harness the power of genomic selection and the potential of germplasm in crop breeding for global food security in the era with rapid climate change

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The Crop Journal 2020年第5期8卷 688-700页

作者： Tianhua He Chengdao Li Western Barley Genetics alliance Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreCollege of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Agriculture and Food Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentSouth PerthWA 6151Australia Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025HubeiChina

Crop genetic improvements catalysed population growth,which in turn has increased the pressure for food *** need to produce 70%more food to meet the demands of 9.5 billion people by *** changes have posed challenges for global food supply,while the narrow genetic base of elite crop cultivars has further limited our capacity to increase genetic gain through conventional *** effective utilization of genetic resources in germplasm collections for crop improvement is crucial to increasing genetic gain to address challenges in the global food *** selection(GS)uses genome-wide markers and phenotype information from observed populations to establish associations,followed by genome-wide markers to predict phenotypic values in test *** an extensive germplasm collection can serve a dual purpose in GS,as a reference population for predicting model,and mining desirable genetic variants for incorporation into elite *** technologies,such as high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping,machine learning,and gene editing,have great potential to contribute to genomeassisted *** programmes integrating germplasm characterization,GS and emerging technologies offer promise for accelerating the development of cultivars with improved yield and enhanced resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic ***,scientifically informed regulations on new breeding technologies,and increased sharing of genetic resources,genomic data,and bioinformatics expertise between developed and developing economies will be the key to meeting the challenges of the rapidly changing climate and increased demand for food.

关键词： breeding germplasm cultivar

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Biomonitoring for traditional herbal medicinal products using DNA metabarcoding and single molecule, real-time sequencing

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第3期8卷 488-497页

作者： Tianyi Xin Zhichao Xu Jing Jia Christine Leon Songnian Hu Yulin Lin Subramanyam Ragupathy Jingyuan Song Steven G.Newmaster Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Royal Botanic Gardens Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences NHP Research alliance Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO) University of Guelph

Global concerns have been paid to the potential hazard of traditional herbal medicinal products(THMPs). Substandard and counterfeit THMPs, including traditional Chinese patent medicine, health foods, dietary supplements, etc. are potential threats to public health. Recent marketplace studies using DNA barcoding have determined that the current quality control methods are not sufficient for ensuring the presence of authentic herbal ingredients and detection of contaminants/adulterants. An efficient biomonitoring method for THMPs is of great needed. Herein, metabarcoding and single-molecule, realtime(SMRT) sequencing were used to detect the multiple ingredients in Jiuwei Qianghuo Wan(JWQHW), a classical herbal prescription widely used in China for the last 800 years. Reference experimental mixtures and commercial JWQHW products from the marketplace were used to confirm the method. Successful SMRT sequencing results recovered 5416 and 4342 circular-consensus sequencing(CCS) reads belonging to the ITS2 and psb A-trn H regions. The results suggest that with the combination of metabarcoding and SMRT sequencing, it is repeatable, reliable, and sensitive enough to detect species in the THMPs, and the error in SMRT sequencing did not affect the ability to identify multiple prescribed species and several adulterants/contaminants. It has the potential for becoming a valuable tool for the biomonitoring of multi-ingredient THMPs.

关键词： Traditional herbal medic inal products(THMP) Species mixture Authentication DNA metabarcoding Single molecule real-time(SMRT) sequencing Circular-consensus sequencing(CCS)

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High-Throughput Phenotyping of Dynamic Canopy Traits Associated with Stay-Green in Grain Sorghum

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 269-278页

作者： J.D.Liedtke C.H.Hunt B.George-Jaeggli K.Laws J.Watson A.B.Potgieter A.Cruickshank D.R.Jordan University of Hohenheim 70593 StuttgartGermany Agri-Science Queensland Department of Agriculture and FisheriesWarwickQLD 4370Australia Queensland alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandWarwickQLD 4370Australia Queensland alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandGatton CampusToowoomba QLD 4343Australia

Drought is a recurring phenomenon that puts crop yields at risk and threatens the livelihoods of many people around the ***-green is a drought adaption phenotype found in sorghum and other *** expressing this phenotype show less drought-induced senescence and maintain functional green leaves for longer when water limitation occurs during grain fill,conferring benefits in both yield per se and *** physiological causes of the phenotype are postulated to be water saving through mechanisms such as reduced canopy size or access to extra water through mechanisms such as deeper *** sorghum breeding programs,stay-green has traditionally been assessed by comparing visual scores of leaf senescence either by identifying final leaf senescence or by estimating rate of leaf *** this study,we compared measurements of canopy dynamics obtained from remote sensing on two sorghum breeding trials to stay-green values(breeding values)obtained from visual leaf senescence ratings in multienvironment breeding trials to determine which components of canopy development were most closely linked to the stay-green ***,canopy size as estimated using preflowering canopy parameters was weakly correlated with stay-green values for leaf senescence while postflowering canopy parameters showed a much stronger association with leaf *** study suggests that factors other than canopy size have an important role in the expression of a stay-green phenotype in grain sorghum and further that the use of UAVs with multispectral sensors provides an excellent way of measuring canopy traits of hundreds of plots grown in large field trials.

关键词： breeding drought hundreds

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Microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of Cu-Sn alloy reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016年第7期26卷 1755-1764页

作者： H.M.MALLIKARJUNA K.T.KASHYAP P.G.KOPPAD C.S.RAMESH R.KESHAVAMURTHY Advanced Composites Research Centre (ACRC) P E S Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering GEC Department of Mechanical Engineering Atria Institute of Technology Research and development Rapsri Engineering Products Company Ltd. Department of Mechanical Engineering Alliance College of Engineering and Design Alliance University Department of Mechanical Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） reinforced Cu-Sn alloy based nanocomposite was developed by powder metallurgy route. The mass fraction of CNTs was varied from 0 to 2% in a step of 0.5%. The developed nanocomposites were subjected to density, hardness, electrical conductivity, and friction and wear tests. The results reveal that the density of nanocomposite decreases with the increase of the mass fraction of CNTs. A significant improvement in the hardness is noticed in the nanocomposite with the addition of CNTs. The developed nanocomposites show low coefficient of friction and improved wear resistance when compared with unreinforced alloy. At an applied load of 5 N, the coefficient of friction and wear loss of 2%CNTs reinforced Cu-Sn alloy nanocomposite decrease by 72% and 68%, respectively, compared with those of Cu-Sn alloy. The wear mechanisms of worn surfaces of the composites are reported. In addition, the electrical conductivity reduces with the increase of the content of CNTs.

关键词： Cu-Sn alloy carbon nanotube nanocomposites powder metallurgy microstructure sliding wear

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Socio-Economic Impacts of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Rural Environment in Mali

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第4期12卷 430-437页

作者： Moro Sidibe Abdoulaye Napo Adama Dembele Daouda Goita Oumar Diallo Djonny Jonas Dembele Mamadou Adama Togo Kadiatou Ba Koita Abdoulaye Nouhoum Coulibaly Cheick Fantamady Tounkara Nouhoum Toure Abdoulaye Konaté Jeannette Traore Fatoumata N’diaye Lamine Traore Japhet Popanou Thera Regional Hospital of Sikasso Sikasso Mali alliance for the development of Community Ophthalmology (ADOC) Bamako Mali African Tropical Ophthalmology Institute Bamako Mali

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is an optic neuropathy that affects the patient’s quality of life. The present study aims to write the socio-economic factors influencing the management of glaucomatous patients in rural areas. This was a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out from October 19 to 31, 2017 in a rural town. The variables studied were age, sex, occupation, level of knowledge about the disease and its treatment, average monthly income, accessibility of eye care service, health insurance membership, degree of severity of the disease. The frequency of POAG was 5.68%. The average age of the patients was 52 years old with extremes ranging from 25 to 73 years old;the female sex was the most represented with 19 cases out of 36 or 52.77%. 66.67% of our patients were at their first ophthalmological consultations. Health insurance coverage was 2.78%. The average monthly income was 10,000 to 25,000 FCFA in 58.33%. More than half of our glaucomatous patients, 63.89%, think they are affected by their disease. 80% of patients are unaware that they have eye disease. Many lost vision in one or both eyes and were unaware of the disease affecting their eyes. Accessibility to health services and their costs seem to be a factor, in addition to illiteracy.

关键词： Glaucoma Postman Rural Environment Socio-Economic

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Updates in endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第2期19卷 202-212页

作者： Poorni M.Manohar Nancy E.Davidson University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care alliance Seattle 98109WAUSA Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle 98109WAUSA

Endocrine therapy(ET)remains the mainstay of treatment for steroid hormone receptor-positive,human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Tumor resistance to hormone therapy has led to the development of novel endocrine drug combinations,transforming the landscape of MBC *** options for ET are expanding,with promising agents in the *** MBC remains incurable,many patients can enjoy years of survival with good quality of life by cycling through the many available *** the plethora of available agents and rapid approvals,clinicians look to evidencebased guidelines to assist in treatment selection to maximize patient *** this review,we provide a contemporary review of the advances in ET and a suggested algorithm to guide clinicians in daily management of patients with hormone receptor-positive,HER2-negative *** will discuss landmark trials and highlight their impact in reshaping treatment ***,we will provide a glimpse into advances on the horizon and the promise they bring to improve outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer.

关键词： Endocrine therapy metastatic breast cancer

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Breeding crops by design for future agriculture

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2020年第6期21卷 423-425页

作者： Chengdao LI Western Barley Genetics alliance College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Plant breeding is both the science and art of developing elite crop cultivars by creating and reassembling desirable inherited traits for human *** the bulk selection of wild plants for cultivation during early civilization to Mendelian genetics and genomics-assisted breeding in modern society,breeding methodologies have evolved over the last thousand *** the past few decades,the“Green Revolution”through breeding of semi-dwarf wheat and rice varieties,and the use of heterosis and transgenic crops have dramatically enhanced crop productivity and helped prevent widespread famine(Hickey et al.,2019).Integration of these technologies can significantly improve breeding efficiency in the development of super crop varieties(Li et al.,2018).

关键词： breeding crops cultivar

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Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第12期24卷 1069-1092页

作者： Sakura KARUNARATHNE Esther WALKER Darshan SHARMA Chengdao LI Yong HAN Western Crop Genetics alliance College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional development South PerthWA6151Australia

Abiotic stresses, predominately drought, heat, salinity, cold, and waterlogging, adversely affect cereal crops. They limit barley production worldwide and cause huge economic losses. In barley, functional genes under various stresses have been identified over the years and genetic improvement to stress tolerance has taken a new turn with the introduction of modern geneediting platforms. In particular, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9) is a robust and versatile tool for precise mutation creation and trait improvement. In this review, we highlight the stress-affected regions and the corresponding economic losses among the main barley producers. We collate about 150 key genes associated with stress tolerance and combine them into a single physical map for potential breeding practices. We also overview the applications of precise base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing technologies for targeted trait modification, and discuss current challenges including high-throughput mutant genotyping and genotype dependency in genetic transformation to promote commercial breeding. The listed genes counteract key stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, and the potential application of the respective gene-editing technologies will provide insight into barley improvement for climate resilience.

关键词： Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR) Gene function Drought Genetic improvement Transcription regulation Breeding

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