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Tree-based ecosystem services supply and multifunctionality of church forests and their agricultural matrix near Lake Tana,Ethiopia

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 656-667页

作者： Ferehiwot Mequanint Tobias Fremout Diederik Strubbe Alemayehu Wassie Shimelis Aynalem Enyew Adgo Jan Nyssen Amaury Frankl Luc Lens Bart Muys Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management Bahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia Terrestrial Ecology Unit Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Division Forest Natureand LandscapeKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium alliance biodiversity international–ciat LimaPeru Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Natural Resource Management Bahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia Department of Geography Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium INRAE AMAPIRDCIRADCNRSUniversity MontpellierBld de La Lironde34398Montpellier Cedex 5France

Ecosystem services(ES)are the connection between nature and society,and are essential for the well-being of local communities that depend on them.In Ethiopia,church forests and the surrounding agricultural matrix supply numerous ES.However,the ES delivered by both land use types have not yet been assessed simultaneously.Here we surveyed both church forests and their agricultural matrices,aiming to quantify,compare and unravel the drivers underlying tree-based ES supply,density and multifunctionality.We found that almost all church forests and half of the agricultural matrices provided high ES densities.ES multifunctionality was higher in the agricultural matrices,suggesting that people deliberately conserve or plant multifunctional tree species.Furthermore,the supply of all categories of ES was positively correlated with church forest age(p-value<0.001)in the agricultural matrix,while the extent of church forest was positively correlated with the density of all categories ecosystem services score in the church forests(p-value<0.001).Our results can be used to prioritize conservation efforts at sites that provide high levels of ES supply,ES density and ES multifunctionality,and to prioritize restoration efforts at sites with low levels thereof.

关键词： Church forest Remnant forest Provisioning service Regulating service Cultural service Multifunctionality Key informant interview Agricultural matrix

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Isolation and Authentication of Local Rhizobia Nodulating Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Côte d’Ivoire

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第9期13卷 435-447页

作者： Marie-Paule Aboueuh Atsé Mako François De Paul N’Gbesso Ibrahim Konaté Noupé Diakaria Coulibaly Kouadio Amani Katiénapariga Tayourou Yéo Louis Butare Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology Jean Lorougnon Guédé University (UJLoG) Daloa Côte d’Ivoire Research Station on Food Crops National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Bouaké Côte d’Ivoire Crop Research Institute (CRI) Alliance of Biodiversity International and CIAT. C/O CSIR Kumasi Ghana

Legumes such as common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been introduced into cropping systems for sustainable soil management. Consequently, the loss of fertility of the latter remains a major constraint to bean production because this legume is rarely fertilized, yet it is considered to be a poor nitrogen fixer in the absence of inoculation. To overcome this, this study was undertaken with the objective of seeking efficient local rhizobia in order to propose a bean inoculum formulation. To do this, soil samples taken from twelve localities in the Centre, North and West areas of C?te d’Ivoire were used to trap bean nodulating rhizobia. The ROBA1 bean accession used was sown in pots containing the sampled soils. Seedlings were uprooted at the start of flowering and nodulation was assessed. The isolates obtained were purified and then characterized phenotypically. The infectivity and symbiotic efficacy of these isolates were determined in vitro by the authentication test in which the purified isolates were reinoculated to their original host plant. A total of 24 rhizobium isolates were obtained from the soils of six localities. During morphological characterization, the isolates showed typical characteristics of Rhizobium. With the exception of RPC501, RPC505 and RPC522, all isolates were authenticated and able to nodulate the host plant in controlled culture. Isolates RPC502, RPC507, and RPC508 were effective and significantly increased (P < 0.05) nodule number and weight, height, and plant biomass. This study has, therefore, revealed the presence of effective local rhizobia in Ivorian soils and capable of nodulating common beans. A genetic characterization of efficient rhizobia identified after experimentation in different environmental conditions should be considered before being recommended as bean rhizobia inoculant.

关键词： Trapping Native Rhizobia Nodulation Common Bean Côte d’Ivoire

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Molecular Marker-Assisted Backcrossing of Anthracnose Resistance Genes into Common Beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) Varieties

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 771-781页

作者： Annuarite Uwera John Nzungize Rusagara Susan Nchimbi Msolla Augustine Musoni Teshale Assefa Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board Kigali Rwanda international Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Bamako Mali alliance biodiversity international and ciat Arusha Tanzania

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a major disease of common bean and results in high yield loss. Due to the high degree of pathogenic variability of the fungus and the continual emergence of new races, genetic resistance in the host is not durable. Gene pyramiding using Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) is proposed as a viable approach to improve the durability of major genes conditioning resistance to anthracnose. In this study a common bean line Urugezi x AND 1062 susceptible to anthracnose but already improved for Pythium root rot resistance was improved for anthracnose resistance through a backcross breeding program. Genotypic selection was done in Rubilizi laboratory in Kigali, Rwanada whereas phenotypic selection was conducted in an anthracnose hotspot at Rwerere, a research Centre of the Rwanda Agricultural and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB). Analysis of variance for effect of bean varieties and anthracnose isolates on disease expression showed significant differences (p 2F1 plants were 41% of them resistant and 59% susceptible to anthracnose. However, the observed proportion of 26 resistants and 37 susceptible in BC2F1 plants didn’t fit the goodness of fit of the expected proportion of 75 resistants to 25 susceptible. Only 41% of BC

关键词： Anthracnose Common Bean Resistance Genes Pythium Root Rot

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Biomonitoring for traditional herbal medicinal products using DNA metabarcoding and single molecule, real-time sequencing

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第3期8卷 488-497页

作者： Tianyi Xin Zhichao Xu Jing Jia Christine Leon Songnian Hu Yulin Lin Subramanyam Ragupathy Jingyuan Song Steven G.Newmaster Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Royal Botanic Gardens Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences NHP Research alliance Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO) University of Guelph

Global concerns have been paid to the potential hazard of traditional herbal medicinal products(THMPs). Substandard and counterfeit THMPs, including traditional Chinese patent medicine, health foods, dietary supplements, etc. are potential threats to public health. Recent marketplace studies using DNA barcoding have determined that the current quality control methods are not sufficient for ensuring the presence of authentic herbal ingredients and detection of contaminants/adulterants. An efficient biomonitoring method for THMPs is of great needed. Herein, metabarcoding and single-molecule, realtime(SMRT) sequencing were used to detect the multiple ingredients in Jiuwei Qianghuo Wan(JWQHW), a classical herbal prescription widely used in China for the last 800 years. Reference experimental mixtures and commercial JWQHW products from the marketplace were used to confirm the method. Successful SMRT sequencing results recovered 5416 and 4342 circular-consensus sequencing(CCS) reads belonging to the ITS2 and psb A-trn H regions. The results suggest that with the combination of metabarcoding and SMRT sequencing, it is repeatable, reliable, and sensitive enough to detect species in the THMPs, and the error in SMRT sequencing did not affect the ability to identify multiple prescribed species and several adulterants/contaminants. It has the potential for becoming a valuable tool for the biomonitoring of multi-ingredient THMPs.

关键词： Traditional herbal medic inal products(THMP) Species mixture Authentication DNA metabarcoding Single molecule real-time(SMRT) sequencing Circular-consensus sequencing(CCS)

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Integrating climate, biodiversity, and sustainable land-use strategies:innovations from China

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 13-17页

作者： Guido Schmidt-Traub Harvey Locke Jixi Gao Zhiyun Ouyang Justin Adams Lin Li Enric Sala M.Rebecca Shaw Sebastian Troёng Jing Xu Chunquan Zhu Changxin Zou Tianxiao Ma Fuwen Wei Sustainable Development Solutions Network Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative Center for Satellite Applications on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Tropical Forest alliance World Economic Forum Worldwide Fund for Nature National Geographic Society Conservation international Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Nature Initiatives and Tropical Forest alliance World Economic Forum Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

To reverse the accelerating degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services(‘nature’) and climate [1,2], the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will hold major meetings in 2021. We argue that, as a critical priority, countries need to design and implement integrated national strategies to achieve the goals of the three Rio Conventions (including the UN Convention to Combat Desertification—UNCCD) using spatially explicit analyses and policies. This integration can maximize co-benefits and help manage trade-offs to meet the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). Nature-based solutions (NBS)provide an important framework for such integration.

关键词： ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

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Patterns of floristic inventory and plant collections in Myanmar

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Plant Diversity 2023年第6期45卷 302-308页

作者： Thant Sin Aung Alice CHughes Phyo Kay Khine Bo Liu Xiao-Li Shen Ke-Ping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Hong Kong Department of Ecology and biodiversity The University of Hong Kong School of Biological SciencesChina Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China Minzu University of China Beijing 100081China

Myanmar is one of the most biodiverse countries in the Asia-Pacific region due to a wide range of climatic and environmental heterogeneity.Floristic diversity in Myanmar is largely unknown,resulting in a lack of comprehensive conservation plans.We developed a database of higher plants in Myanmar derived from herbarium specimens and literature sources,and analyzed patterns of diversity inventories and collection inconsistencies,aiming to provide a baseline floristic data of Myanmar and act as a guide for future research efforts.We collected 1,329,354 records of 16,218 taxa.Results show that the collection densities at the township level was variable,with 5% of townships having no floristic collections.No ecoregion had an average collection density of greater than 1 specimen/km2and the lowest collection density was found in the Kayah-Karen Montane Rainforests,which covered 8% of Myanmar’s total area.The highest sampling densities were found in Mandalay Region,Chin State,and Yangon Region.Despite floristic collections over the past three centuries,knowledge of the distribution of the vast majority of plant taxa remained limited,particularly for gymnosperms,pteridophytes,and bryophytes.More botanical surveys and further analyses are needed to better describe Myanmar’s floristic diversity.An important strategy to promote knowledge of the biodiversity patterns in Myanmar is to improve the collection and digitalization of specimens and to strengthen cooperation among countries.

关键词： biodiversity Ecoregion Higher plants Hotspots Myanmar Specimens

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Electrical Stimulation Greatly Increases Settlement, Growth, Survival, and Stress Resistance of Marine Organisms

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Natural Resources 2014年第10期5卷 527-537页

作者： Thomas J. Goreau Global Coral Reef alliance Cambridge USA

Increasing stress from global warming, sea level rise, acidification, sedimentation, pollution, and unsustainable practices have degraded the most critical coastal ecosystems including coral reefs, oyster reefs, and salt marshes. Conventional restoration methods work only under perfect conditions, but fail nearly completely when the water becomes too hot or water quality deteriorates. New methods are needed to greatly increase settlement, growth, survival, and resistance to environmental stress of keystone marine organisms in order to maintain critical coastal ecosystem functions including shore protection, fisheries, and biodiversity. Electrolysis methods have been applied to marine ecosystem restoration since 1976, with spectacular results (Figures 1(a)-(c)). This paper provides the first overall review of the data. Low-voltage direct current trickle charges are found to increase the settlement of corals 25.86 times higher than uncharged control sites, to increase the mean growth rates of reef-building corals, soft corals, oysters, and salt marsh grass— an average of 3.17 times faster than controls (ranging from 2 to 10 times depending on species and conditions), and to increase the survival of electrically charged marine organisms—an average of 3.47 times greater than controls, with the biggest increases under the most severe environmental stresses. These results are caused by the fundamental biophysical stimulation of natural biochemical energy production pathways, used by all organisms, provided by electrical stimulation under the right conditions. This paper reviews for the first time all published results from properly designed, installed, and maintained projects, and contrasts them with those that do not meet these criteria.

关键词： Electrical Stimulation Corals Oysters Settlement Growth Survival Environmental Stress Resistance Climate Change Adaptation

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Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases,restore biodiversity and protect health

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 321-323页

作者： Lukoye Atwoli Abdullah H Baqui Thomas Benfield Raffaella Bosurgi Fiona Godlee Stephen Hancocks Richard Horton Laurie Laybourn-Langton Carlos Augusto Monteiro Ian Norman Kirsten Patrick Nigel Praities Marcel GM Olde Rikkert Eric J Rubin Peush Sahni Richard Smith Nicholas J Talley Sue Turale Damián Vázquez East African Medical Journal NairobiKenya Journal of Health Population and NutritionBaltimoreMarylandUSA Danish Medical Journal CopenhagenDenmark PLOS Medicine CambridgeUK The BMJ LondonUK British Dental Journal LondonUK The Lancet LondonUK UK Health alliance on Climate Change LondonUK Revista de Saúde Pública S鉶PauloBrazil international Journal of Nursing Studies LondonUK CMAJ OttawaOntarioCanada Pharmaceutical Journal LondonUK Dutch Journal of Medicine NijmegenThe Netherlands NEJM BostonMassachusettsUSA National Medical Journal of India New DelhiIndia Medical Journal of Australia NewcastleNew South WalesAustralia international Nursing Review GenevaSwitzerland Pan American Journal of Public Health WashingtonDCUSA

Wealthy nations must do much more,much faster.The United Nations General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis.They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming,China,and the climate conference(Conference of the Parties(COP)26)in Glasgow,UK.Ahead of these pivotal meetings,we-the editors of health journals worldwide-call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5℃,halt the destruction of nature and protect health.

关键词： action collective faster

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Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

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General Psychiatry 2021年第5期34卷 53-55页

作者： Lukoye Atwoli Abdullah H Baqui Thomas Benfield Raffaella Bosurgi Fiona Godlee Stephen Hancocks Richard Horton Laurie Laybourn-Langton Carlos Augusto Monteiro Ian Norman Kirsten Patrick Nigel Praities Marcel GM Olde Rikkert Eric J Rubin Peush Sahni Richard Smith Nicholas J Talley Sue Turale Damián Vázquez East African Medical Journal NairobiKenya Journal of Health Population and NutritionBaltimoreMarylandUSA Danish Medical Journal CopenhagenDenmark PLOS Medicine CambridgeUK The BMJ LondonUK British Dental Journal LondonUK The Lancet LondonUK UK Health alliance on Climate Change LondonUK Revista de Saúde Pública São PauloBrazil international Journal of Nursing Studies LondonUK CMAJ OttawaOntarioCanada Pharmaceutical Journal LondonUK Dutch Journal of Medicine NijmegenThe Netherlands NEJM BostonMassachusettsUSA National Medical Journal of India New DelhiIndia Medical Journal of Australia NewcastleNew South WalesAustralia international Nursing Review GenevaSwitzerland Pan American Journal of Public Health WashingtonDCUSA

Wealthy nations must do much more,much faster.The United Nations General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis.They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming,China,and the climate conference(Conference of the Parties(COP)26)in Glasgow,UK.Ahead of these pivotal meetings,we-the editors of health journals worldwide-call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5°C,halt the destruction of nature and protect health.

关键词： action collective faster

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Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2021年第4期4卷 60-62页

作者： Lukoye Atwoli Abdullah H Baqui Thomas Benfield Raffaella Bosurgi Fiona Godlee Stephen Hancocks Richard Horton Laurie Laybourn-Langton Carlos Augusto Monteiro Ian Norman Kirsten Patrick Nigel Praities Marcel GM Olde Rikkert Eric J Rubin Peush Sahni Richard Smith Nicholas J Talley Sue Turale Damián Vázquez East African Medical Journal NairobiKenya Journal of Health Population and NutritionBaltimoreMarylandUSA Danish Medical Journal CopenhagenDenmark PLOS Medicine CambridgeUK The BMJ LondonUK British Dental Journal LondonUK The Lancet LondonUK UK Health alliance on Climate Change LondonUK Revista de Saúde Pública São PauloBrazil international Journal of Nursing Studies LondonUK CMAJ OttawaOntarioCanada Pharmaceutical Journal LondonUK Dutch Journal of Medicine NijmegenThe Netherlands NEJM BostonMassachusettsUSA National Medical Journal of India New DelhiIndia Medical Journal of Australia NewcastleNew South WalesAustralia international Nursing Review GenevaSwitzerland Pan American Journal of Public Health WashingtonDCUSA

关键词： action collective faster

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