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Protecting the photosynthetic performance of snap bean under free air ozone exposure

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 31-40页

作者： Lu Zhang Yasutomo Hoshika Elisa Carrari Kent O.Burkey Elena Paoletti College of Horticulture Northeast Agricultural University institute of Sustainable plant protection National Research Council plant Science Research Unit USDA-ARS

Tropospheric ozone（O3） is a major air pollutant and causes serious injury to vegetation. To protect sensitive plants from O3 damage, several agrochemicals have been assessed,including cytokinin（e.g., kinetin, KIN） and ethylenediurea（EDU） with cytokinin-like *** higher plant, leaves are primarily injured by O3 and protective agrochemicals are often applied by leaf spraying. To our knowledge, the mitigating abilities of EDU and KIN have not been compared directly in a realistic setup. In the present research, impacts of elevated O3（2 × ambient O3, 24 hr per day, for 8 days） on an O3 sensitive line（S156） of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris）, which is often used for biomonitoring O3 pollution, were studied in a free air controlled exposure system. The day before starting the O3 exposure, plants were sprayed with a solution of EDU（300 ppm）, KIN（1 mmol/L） or distilled water, to compare their protective abilities. The results demonstrated that 2 × ambient O3 inhibited net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, increased the minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state, decreased the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and led to visible injury. KIN and EDU alleviated the reduction of the photosynthetic performance, and visible injury under O3 fumigation. The plants sprayed with EDU showed greater ability to mitigate the O3 damage than those sprayed with KIN. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging may have detected more precisely the differences in O3 response across the leaf than the conventional fluorometer.

关键词： Ethylenediurea Free air controlled exposure Kinetin Ozone Phaseolus vulgaris

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Improvement of xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 using response surface methodology for optimizing the medium composition

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第7期9卷 558-566页

作者： Yao-xing XU Yan-li LI Shao-chun XU Yong LIU Xin WANG Jiang-wu TANG institute of plant protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China

Objective: To study the optimal medium composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Methods: Statistical methodology including the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and the central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the individual crucial component of the medium that significantly affected the enzyme yield. Results: Firstly, NaNO3, yeast extract, urea, Na2CO3, MgSO4, peptone and (NH4)2SO4 were screened as the significant factors positively affecting the xylanase production by PBD. Secondly, by valuating the nitrogen sources effect, urea was proved to be the most effective and economic nitrogen source for xylanase production and used for further optimization. Finally, the CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each sig-nificant variable, which included urea, Na2CO3 and MgSO4. Subsequently a second-order polynomial was determined by multiple regression analysis. The optimum values of the critical components for maximum xylanase production were obtained as follows: x1 (urea)=0.163 (41.63 g/L), x2 (Na2CO3)=?1.68 (2.64 g/L), x3 (MgSO4)=1.338 (10.68 g/L) and the predicted xylanase value was 14374.6 U/g dry substrate. Using the optimized condition, xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 after 48 h fermentation reached 14637 U/g dry substrate with wheat bran in the shake flask. Conclusion: By using PBD and CCD, we obtained the optimal composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in SSF, and the results of no additional expensive medium and shortened fermentation time for higher xylanase production show the potential for industrial utilization.

关键词： Xylanase Optimization of medium composition Plackett-Burman design (PBD) Central composite design (CCD) Response surface methodology (RSM). Aspergillus niger XY- 1

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Rice Grain Damage by Combination and Sequence Infestations by the Rice Leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and the White-Backed Rice planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horváth(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2460-2470页

作者： JIANG Li-ben ZHU Zhan-fei GE Lin-quan YANG Guo-qing WU Jin-cai School of plant protection Yangzhou University

The rice leaffolder （RLF）, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée （Lepidoptera：Pyralidae）, and the white-backed rice planthopper （WBPH）, Sogatella furcifera Horváth （Hemiptera： Delphacidae）, are major insect pests in China and several other Asian countries. These two pests commonly occur simultaneously or in a temporal sequence. Thus, the investigation of the effect of complex infestations or temporal sequence infestations by these pests on rice yield has a practical signiifcance for the control of these pests. The present study comprised experiments with the following four different variables in potted rice at the tillering stage：single pest species infestation, complex infestation, complete combination infestation and temporal sequence infestation （C. medinalis infestation prior to S. furcifera and S. furcifera infestation prior to C. medinalis）. The results showed that the four infestations resulted in a signiifcant decrease in 1 000-grain weight （1 000GW） and rate of yield loss （RYL） but an increase in blighted grain rate （BGR）, with a signiifcant positive correlation with the infestation density. However, the inlfuences of the complex infestation, complete combination infestation or sequence infestation on the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were greater than those of the single pest species infestations but did not have addition effects, i.e., the effects of the complex infestation and combination infestation or sequence infestation on the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were less than the additive effects of the two single pest species infestations at the same densities. In the condition of the same total infestation pressure, no signiifcant differences in the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were found between C. medinalis infestation prior to S. furcifera and S. furcifera infestation prior to C. medinalis as well as between the sequence infestation and the complex infestation.

关键词： Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Sogatella furcifera complex infestation temporal sequence infestation rice yield loss

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Pyramiding of Pi46 and Pita to improve blast resistance and to evaluate the resistance effect of the two R genes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第10期15卷 2290-2298页

作者： XIAO Wu-ming LUO Li-xin WANG Hui GUO Tao LIU Yong-zhu ZHOU Ji-yong ZHU Xiao-yuan YANG Qi-yun CHEN Zhi-qiang National Engineering Research Center of plant Space Breeding South China Agricultural University plant protection Research institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection

Utilization of R（resistance） genes to develop resistant cultivars is an effective strategy to combat against rice blast disease. In this study, R genes Pi46 and Pita in a resistant accession H4 were introgressed into an elite restorer line Hang-Hui-179（HH179） using the marker-assisted backcross breeding（MABB） procedure. As a result, three improved lines（e.g., R1791 carrying Pi46 alone, R1792 carrying Pita alone and R1793 carrying both Pi46 and Pita） were developed. The three improved lines had significant genetic similarities with the recurrent parent HH179. Thus, they and HH179 could be recognized as near isogenic lines（NILs）. The resistance spectrum of the three improved lines, which was tested at seedling stage, reached 91.1, 64.7 and 97.1%, respectively. This was markedly broader than that of HH179（23.5%）. Interestingly, R1793 showed resistance to panicle blast but neither R1791 nor R1792 exhibited resistance at two natural blast nurseries. The results implied that the stacking of Pi46 and Pita resulted in enhanced resistance, which was unachievable by either R gene alone. Further comparison indicated that the three improved lines were similar to HH179 in multiple agronomic traits; including plant height, tillers per plant, panicle length, spikelet fertility, and 1 000-grain weight. Thus, the three improved lines with different R genes can be used as new sources of resistance for developing variety. There is a complementary effect between the two R genes Pi46 and Pita.

关键词： rice blast resistance gene improvement marker-assisted selection

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Development of elite restoring lines by integrating blast resistance and low amylose content using MAS

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第1期17卷 16-27页

作者： XIAO Wu-ming PENG Xin LUO Li-xin LIANG Ke-qin WANG Jia-feng HUANG Ming LIU Yong-zhu GUO Tao LUO Wen-long YANG Qi-yun ZHU Xiao-yuan WANG Hui CHEN Zhi-qiang National Engineering Research Center of plant Space Breeding South China Agricultural University plant protection Research institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection

Blast resistance and grain quality are major problems in hybrid rice production in China. In this study, two resistance （R） genes, Pi46 and Pita, along with the gene Wxb, which mainly affects rice endosperm amylose content （AC）, were introgressed into an elite indica restoring line, R8166, which has little blast resistance and poor grain quality through marker-assisted selection （MAS）. Eight improved lines were found to have recurrent genome recovery ratios ranging from 88.68 to 96.23%. Two improved lines, R163 and R167, were selected for subsequent studies. R167, which has the highest recovery ratio （96.23%）, showed no significant differences in multiple agronomic traits. In contrast, R163 with the lowest recovery ratio （88.68%） exhibited significant differences in heading date and yield per plant compared with the recurrent parent. At two developmental stages, R163 and R167 had greatly enhanced resistance to blast over the recurrent parent. Similar trends were also observed for agronomic traits and blast resistance in R163- and R167-derived hybrids when compared with the counterparts from R8166. In addition, R163, R167, and their derived hybrids significantly improved the grain quality traits, including amylose content （AC）, gel consistency （GC）, chalky grain rate （CGR）, and degree of endosperm chalkiness （DEC）. It confirmed the success of efficiently developing elite restoring lines using MAS in this study.

关键词： rice restoring line blast resistance grain quality MAS

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A Nicotiana benthamiana receptor-like kinase regulates Phytophthora resistance by coupling with BAK1 to enhance elicitin-triggered immunity

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2023年第6期65卷 1553-1565页

作者： Yifan Zhang Zhiyuan Yin Lei Pi Nan Wang Jinghao Wang Hao Peng Daolong Dou College of plant protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China College of plant protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China institute of plant protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Department of plant Pathology Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA

Cell-surface-localized leucine-rich-repeat receptorlike kinases(LRR-RLKs)are crucial for plant *** LRR-RLKs that act as receptors directly recognize ligands via a large extracellular domain(ECD),whereas LRR-RLK that serve as regulators are relatively small and contain fewer ***,we identified LRR-RLK regulators using high-throughput tobacco rattle virus(TRV)-based gene silencing in the model plant Nicotiana *** used the cell-death phenotype caused by INF1,an oomycete elicitin that induces pattern-triggered immunity,as an *** screening 33 small LRR-RLKs(≤6 LRRs)of unknown function,we identified ELICITIN INSENSITIVE RLK 1(NbEIR1)as a positive regulator of INF1-induced immunity and oomycete *** benthamiana mutants of eir1 generated by CRISPR/Cas9-editing showed significantly compromised immune responses to INF1 and were more vulnerable to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora ***1 associates with BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1(NbBAK1)and a downstream component,BRASSINOSTEROIDSIGNALING KINASE 1(NbBSK1).NbBSK1 also contributes to INF1-induced defense and *** *** INF1 treatment,NbEIR1 was released from NbBAK1 and NbBSK1 in ***,the silencing of NbBSK1 compromised the association of NbEIR1 with *** also showed that NbEIR1 regulates flg22-induced immunity and associates with its receptor,FLAGELLIN SENSING 2(NbFLS2).Collectively,our results suggest that NbEIR1 is a novel regulatory element for BAK1-dependent ***1-NbEIR1 association is required for maintaining the NbEIR1/NbBAK1 complex in the resting state.

关键词： BAK1 BSK1 INF1 leucine-rich repeat(LRR) LRR-RLK Oomycete

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Influence of seven levels of chemical/biostimulator protection on amino acid profile and yield traits in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2022年第4期10卷 1198-1206页

作者： Piotr Iwaniuk Rafal Konecki Piotr Kaczynski Alua Rysbekova Bozena Lozowicka institute of plant protection-National Research institute Chelmonskiego 22 Street15–195 BialystokPoland Kazakh National Agrarian Research University Department of Plant ProtectionAbai Avenue 8Almaty 050010Kazakhstan

Biostimulators combined with pesticides can reduce the need for chemical crop protection to yield healthy wheat with high grain quality and nutritional *** goal of this four-year field study was an assessment of the effects of seven levels of sulfonylurea herbicide,morpholine and triazole fungicides,and humic biostimulator protection on concentrations of 20 amino acids(AAs)and on yield parameters under diverse climatic *** of pesticides and biostimulators reduced amino acid *** applied alone reduced AAs ***(herbicide+fungicide)protection or its combination with humic biostimulator were the most effective strategies for increasing yield,thousand-kernel weight,spike number,grain surface area,and wet *** dosages of fungicides showed effects on AA content and crop parameter values similar to those of the recommended dosages of fungicides and are in line with the European Commission’s “From Farm to Fork”*** biostimulators as agents supporting pesticide protection should be optimized for wheat growth stage to achieve the most desirable wheat parameters and implemented in agricultural practice.

关键词： Amino acids Biostimulators plant protection products Wheat quality Yield

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Multiple generation effects of high temperature on the development and fecundity of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera Aleyrodidae） biotype B

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 541-549页

作者： Jian-Ying Guo Lin Cong Fang-Hao Wan State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences Beijing China

Insects are ectotherms and their ability to resist temperature stress is limited. The immediate effects of sub-lethal heat stress on insects are well documented, but longer- term effects of such stresses are rarely reported. In this study, survival, development and reproduction of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） biotype B, were compared over five consecutive generations at 27, 31 and 35℃ and for one generation at 37 ℃. Both temperature and generation significantly affected the fitness of the whitefly. These impacts were more dramatic with increasing generations and temperatures. Among the experimental temperatures, the most favorable for development and reproduction were 27 ℃ and 31 ℃. At 27 ℃, survival, development and fecundity were all stable over these five generations. At 31 ℃, immature survival rate was the highest in the fifth generation, but female fecundities decreased in the fourth and fifth generations. At 35 ℃, egg hatching rate, immature survival rate and female fecundity decreased significantly in the fourth and fifth generations. At 37 ℃, survival ofB. tabaci was not adversely affected, but female fecundity at 37 ℃ was less than 10% of that at 27 ℃ or 31 ℃. These results demonstrate that the lethal high temperature for B. tabaci is over 37 ℃, and the whitefly population continued expanding in the five generations at 35 ℃. The ability orB. tabaci biotype B to survive high temperature stress will play an important role in its population extension under global warming.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype B high temperature stress multiple generation ef-fects population expansion

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Silencing of odorant binding protein gene AlinOBP4 by RNAi induces declining electrophysiological responses of Adelphocoris lineolatus to six semiochemicals

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 789-797页

作者： Xue-Ying Zhang Xiao-Qiang Zhu Shao-Hua Gu Yan-Le Zhou Song-Ying Wang Yong-Jun Zhang Yu-Yuan Guo State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences Beijing China

Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） are believed to be important for transporting semiochemicals through the aqueous sensillar lymph to the olfactory receptor cells within the insect antennal sensilla. Here, we injected AlinOBP4-siRNA into the conjunctivum between prothorax and mesothorax of the lucerne plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus and evaluated the silencing of AlinOBP4 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis, quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） test and electroantennogram （EAG） assay. The combination of RT-PCR and qPCR analyses revealed that the levels of mes- senger RNA transcript were significantly reduced ~95% in AlinOBP4-siRNA-treated A. lineolatus males and ~75% in RNAi-treated females within 48 hours. It was found that there are different EAG responses between male and female bugs when the AlinOBP4 gene was silenced by RNAi. The EAGs of A. lineolatus to two plant volatiles, tride- canal and hexyl alcohol, were reduced 9.09% and 79.45% in RNAi-treated males, 62.08% and 62.08% in RNAi-treated females compared to the controls, separately. Antennae of RNAi-treated bugs showed significantly lower electrophysiological responses to four sex pheromone analogs, butyl butanoate, 1-hexyl butyrate, （E）-2-hexenyl butyrate and hexyl hexanoate. The EAG recordings were reduced 35.43%, 35.24%, 39.96% and 78.47% in RNAi-treated males and 64.52%, 18.13%, 36.88% and 49.52% in RNAi-treated females, respectively. The results suggested that AlinOBP4 might play dual-roles in the identifi- cation of plant volatiles and sex pheromones. It was suspected that AlinOBP4 may have different functions in odor perception between male and female A. lineolatus.

关键词： Adelphocoris lineolatus electrophysiological responses odorant bindingprotein AlinOBP4 RNA interference

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A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-Methoxy-2H-1,4-Benzoxazin-3(4H)-One (DIMBOA) from Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第1期12卷 95-102页

作者： LI Jing LIU Xin-gang DONG Feng-shou XU Jun GUO Li-qun KONG Zhi-qiang TIANYing-ying WU Yan-bin ZHENG Yong-quan State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests/institute of plant protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Henan institute of Science and Technology

2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3（4H）-one （DIMBOA）, the dominant benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acid in maize （Zea Mays L.）, serves as important factors of resistance against insects and microbial diseases, allelochemicals used in competition with other plants. In this paper, a novel and simple method for the isolation and purification of DIMBOA from maize seedlings was developed. Frozen shoots from 7-d-old maize seedlings （1 000×g） were firstly defrosted and then were directly homogenized and extracted with ethyl acetate. The macerate was allowed to stand at room temperature （25±2）°C for 1 h to allow enzymatic release of DIMBOA from DIMBOA-glucoside. Then the ethyl acetate phase was filtered, dried and evaporated to dryness. The resulting light-tan, semicrystalline residue was stored at -20°C for 24 h. Upon recrystallization from acetone-hexane, a relative higher yield （0.58 g） of pure DIMBOA crystals was obtained compared with the yield afforded by Woodward methodology （0.26 g）.

关键词： DIMBOA maize isolation purification hydroxamic acids

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