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Cas13d-mediated gene knockdown in CAR T cells:towards off-the-shelf cancer treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1796-1798页

作者： Midori Johnston Nadine Urban Can Dincer FIT freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

In a recent study published in Cell,Tieu et al.used RfxCas13d to dynamically enhance performance and longevity of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells by massively multiplexed gene knockdown and thereby,move the trea... 详细信息

关键词： al. treatment shelf

Microglia out of place—mapping macrophages across the developing human body

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 210-212页

作者： Roman Sankowski Marco Prinz Institute of Neuropathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Signalling Research Centres BIOsS and CIBSs University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Macrophages(MΦs)are versatile cells found in every organ.Throughout the body,they work tirelessly to maintain tissues.To this end,they are instructed by their respective niches to express organ-specific genes and proteins,resulting in a variety of cell morphologies and highly specialized functions across different tissues[1].A recent study by Wang et al.used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively profile human MΦphenotypes across 19 organs between postconception weeks(PCW)4 and 26[2].This study revealed a surprising diversity of these cells and suggests new avenues of research.

关键词： organs instru

A Review on Sources,Extractions and Analysis Methods of a Sustainable Biomaterial:Tannins

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 397-425页

作者： Antonio Pizzi Marie-Pierre Laborie Zeki Candan LERMAB University of LorraineFaculty of SciencesBlvd des AiguillettesNancy54000France Chair of Forest Biomaterials Institute of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany freiburg Materials Research Center Alberst Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany Department of Forest Products Engineering Faculty of ForestryIstanbul UniversitySariyerIstanbul34473Turkey

Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.

关键词： Tannins flavonoids sources extraction methods analysis methods

Note on:“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 607-609页

作者： Andreas Heine Matthias Wickert Fraunhofer EMI Ernst-Zermelo-Str.479104FreiburgGermany

A recently published modeling approach for the penetration into adobe and previous approaches implicitly criticized are reviewed and discussed.This article contains a note on the paper titled“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”(DOI:https://***/10.1016/j.dt.2018.07.017).Reply to the Note from Li Piani et al is linked to this article.

关键词： adobe prediction earth

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Customized molecular tools to strengthen metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria

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Green Carbon 2024年第2期2卷 149-163页

作者： Stephan Klähn Franz Opel Wolfgang R.Hess Department of Solar Materials Biotechnology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZLeipzig 04318Germany Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics Albert-Ludwig University FreiburgFreiburg im Breisgau 79104Germany

Cyanobacteria are promising oxygenic phototrophs for the production of various compounds.For their(photo)biotechnological exploitation,molecular tools are required,such as,for the introduction and expression of heterologous genes,or the modulation of enzyme activities or entire pathways.Concepts and strategies for the development of photosynthetic biomanufacturing technologies based on cyanobacteria have been extensively reviewed,as well as certain specialized aspects of their genetic manipulation.However,options for metabolic engineering of specific cyanobacterial cells are still less developed than those for other bacteria of biotechnological relevance.In addition to the standard genetic toolbox for“classical”metabolic engineering,we emphasize certain aspects,including recently developed vector systems for the extrachromosomal maintenance of genes and approaches based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)interference.We highlight the development of custom molecular tools for specific strains or products,discuss the emerging use of small regulatory proteins that appear promising for advanced metabolic engineering approaches to promote specific product formation,and provide an overview of suitable online resources.Furthermore,we discuss the current trends in this field and indicate their potential,such as using suitable product sensors that enable systematic screening,and optimization approaches.

关键词： Metabolic engineering Cyanobacteria Synthetic plasmids Regulatory proteins Sensors

Dependence of impact regime boundaries on the initial temperatures of projectiles and targets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 49-57页

作者： Stefano Signetti Andreas Heine Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-InstitutEMIErnst-Zermelo-Str.479104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material behavior.In this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before impact.This is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining quantities.The obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are preheated.Such conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental conditions.The performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.

关键词： Ballistic impact Thermal effects Metallic targets Energy partitioning Homologous temperature

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On Solution Sequences of the Singular Liouville Equations with an Integral Constraint

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2014年第1期30卷 133-150页

作者： Yong LUO Mathematisches Institut Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg

In this paper,we analyze the blow-up behavior of sequences{uk}satisfying the following conditionsΔuk=｜x｜2αk V k eukinΩ,（0.1）whereΩR2,V k→V in C1,｜Vk｜≤A,0

关键词： Singular Liouville equations blow up analysis integral constraint

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A Genealogical Study of Facemasks in China:From Hygienic Modernity to Care

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2022年第2期15卷 189-206页

作者： Buyun Gong Institute for Interdisziplinäre Anthropologie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgFreiburg Im BreisgauGermany

Despite the omnipresence of facemasks in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic,recent studies on their sociopolitical aspects remain insufficient.This article conducts a genealogical study that investigates the emergence of two differing masking strategies in two epidemic events in Chinese history.First,during the Manchurian plague 1910/11,it shows how the germ theory and historical anecdotes made anti-plague masks thinkable and practicable as a solution not only for airborne contagion but also for the biopolitical problem of‘unhygienic’population.In the second part,the analytical focus is shifted to the emergence of collective mask-wearing practices during SARS 2002/03 from the vantage point of subjectification.Facemasks then became a symbol of care in the neoliberal regime of responsibilization.This article concludes by arguing for a rethinking of facemasks as actants who actively participate in the constitution of the world we share.

关键词： Facemask Biopolitics Care Subjectification SARS Manchurian plague

miniSCIDOM: a scintillator-based tomograph for volumetric dose reconstruction of single laser-driven proton bunches

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino M.Reimold E.Beyreuther F.-E.Brack F.Kroll J.Pawelke J.D.Schilz M.Schneider U.Schramm M.E.P.Umlandt K.Zeil T.Ziegler J.Metzkes-Ng Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current affiliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current affiliation:Universitätsklinikum freiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material analysis.Being spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample properties.The rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online feedback.Here we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500\unicode{x3bc}m and a sensitivity of 100 mGy.The detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton source.The experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate