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Effectiveness of Air Sparging Technology in Remediation of gaza Coastal Aquifer from Gasoline Products

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第5期4卷 446-453页

作者： Said Ghabayen Mazen Abualtayef Fahid Rabah Dalia Matter Dana Mohsen Intimaa Elmasri Environmental Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine

Groundwater contamination becomes a great concern in many countries. One of the most important pollutants is hydrocarbons. Sources of Hydrocarbons pollutants in gazacan be a result of accidental spills of petroleum products on the surface and uncontrolled disposal of wastewater. One of the common technologies for groundwater aquifer remediation from hydrocarbons is known as air sparging. In this study, a120 cm×100 cm×80 cmlaboratory scale aquifer model was implemented in order to investigate the effectiveness of air sparging technology in removal of petroleum products from contaminated site. Four pilot scale wells were installed at different depths and different spatial distribution. The central well was used for injecting air and the surrounding three wells were used for monitoring. The contaminated water and soil were tested for total organic carbon, lead, dissolved Oxygen and pH;one time before the start of treatment and four times through the treatment process. Total organic carbon in water and soil before air injection were 980 ppm and 0.08775 ppm, respectively. After air injection for three weeks (six hours daily) at flow rate range from 15 to20 L/min and at pressure range from 300 to 400 kPa, the concentration of pollutant was decreased to 4.0 ppm and 0.0 ppm in water and soil, respectively. Based on the results, it was clearly demonstrated that air sparging is a simple, effective and affordable technology that can be applied forgazaaquifer remediation in case of gasoline spill accidents.

关键词： Hydrocarbons Air Sparging gaza Aquifer Monitoring Total Organic Carbon

Signal Coordination for Saving Energy and Reducing Congestion Using TRANSYT-7F Model and Its Application in gaza City

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Natural Resources 2014年第7期5卷 282-291页

作者： Essam H. almasri Civil Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine

Transportation consumes for about 27% of total energy. almost 100% of the energy used for propelling transport vehicles is derived from petroleum resources. In gaza Strip and West Bank, transportation consumes about 60% of the total amount of imported fuel. The traffic congestion has a negative impact significantly on the environment because of the increased amount of fuel consumption and thus emissions of pollutants from vehicles. Serious traffic congestion is concentrated in the middle part of gaza City, especially in major arterial roads such as Eljalaa Road. The congestion comes into view clearly in the segment of the street which consists of 5 consecutive signalized intersections. What makes the congestion even worse is the non-efficient traffic signal control;where each intersection is treated in isolation. The key solution to reduce the congestion and to save energy is to use signal coordination. Therefore, this study aims to redesign and coordinate the traffic signals along Eljalaa road using TRANSYT-7F Model. It aims also to compare between the traffic performance and the fuel consumption of the coordinated signals and the existing uncoordinated ones. The analysis and design are based on geometric data and manual traffic count. The results of comparison show a remarkable improvement of the traffic performance and energy saving of the studied area. There was a reduction of travel time, delay, stops and fuel consumption by 44%, 56%, 25% and 31% respectively. The level of service has been improved from F to D. Thus, it is recommended that signal coordination should be carried out at all arterial roads in gaza city.

关键词： Energy Saving Congestion Signal Coordination TRANSYT-7F

Successful Management of Carbamate Poisoning among Children: Case Report from gaza Strip

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2018年第3期6卷 95-106页

作者： Yasser El-Nahhal Faculty of Science The Islamic University of Gaza Gaza City Palestine

A bad management of pesticide marketing and use resulted in using extreme toxic pesticides inside houses for controlling public health insects such as cockroaches. A child of two years old was poisoned with pesticide residues after application of pesticides at home for cockroach control. The child with a semi-conscious status was brought to the European hospital in south gaza with his father along with the empty container of pesticide which was used at home. It appeared that Carbaryl (a carbamate insecticide) was the reason for poisoning. In the intensive care unite the child was washed out with clean water and his cloths were removed to reduced the possible hazards. Blood analysis showed that moderate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on addition became more sever on due time. Then the child was given several doses of atropine but without any improvement in AChE activity. Then the child was given Obedoxim as an antidote. This resulted in significant improvement of AChE activity. The child continued to receive Obedoxim every day until AChE activity reached the normal range. Blood analysis did not show any traces of Carbaryl. It is recommended to give Obedoxim to the carbamate immediately when someone is poisoned instead of atropine for successful management of the poisoned case.

关键词： Carbaryl Insecticides Poisoned Case Obedoxim Atropine

Quality of Nursing Courses as Perceived by Students: Relationship with Their Academic Achievement in Palestine College of Nursing

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第1期5卷 36-48页

作者： Yousif Mahmoud Awad Faculty of Intermediate Studies University of Palestine Gaza Strip Gaza Palestine

The purpose of this study was to determine the Bachelor Science of Nursing (BSN), student’s perceptions of the quality of nursing courses taught at Palestine College of Nursing (PCN), which were fundamentals of nursing course, adult nursing course, pediatric nursing course, maternity nursing course, community nursing course, mental health and psychiatric nursing course and nursing management and leadership course, and its relationship with their academic achievement. The Palestine College of Nursing is governmental and Ministry of Health (MOH) affiliated. The sample included 467 nursing students registered in the college who studied the previously mentioned nursing courses. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire developed by the researcher, and guided by literature. That was to assess the included nine quality dimensions of the nursing courses as perceived by the students. Content validity and reliability tests were done for the tool. The study revealed that the total students’ perceptions of the quality of all nurses courses were within average quality level (80.42%). The nursing management course and community health nursing course were of the first two ranks of high quality level (84.54%, and 84.48%, respectively), where mental health and psychiatric nursing course, fundamentals of nursing course, adult health nursing course, pediatric nursing course and maternity health nursing course were the next ranks of average quality level. The study revealed that students’ perceptions of seven dimensions from nine were with average quality level (80.50%). The first rank was the “teacher/instructor characteristics and attributes”, dimension of high quality level (84.44%), while the last rank was “teaching methodology” dimension of average quality level (77.54%). There was a positive relationship between students’ achievement and the courses’ quality dimensions, pertaining objectives of the course, contents of the course, teacher/instructor competencies

关键词： Nursing Education Quality Curriculum Student’s Perceptions Achievement

An Inventory of Some Relatively Large Marine Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes Sighted, Caught, By-Caught, or Stranded in the Mediterranean Coast of the gaza Strip-Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第2期13卷 119-153页

作者： Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Kamal J. Elnabris Adel J. Attallah Jehad Y. Salah Mohammed A. Aboutair Waleed M. Thabit Sahar K. Serri Hassan G. Abu Hatab Sameeh M. Awadalah Wajdi M. Saqallah Mokhles S. alhawajri Tariq K. al-Sammak Bashar S. Jarayseh Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. al-Hali Aysha A. Rafeea Doaa S. Ghattas Huda E. Abu Amra Israa M. Jaber Nedal A. Fayyad Ashraf A. Shafei Inas A. Abd Rabou Othman A. Abd Rabou Mohammed A. Abd Rabou Mazen T. Abualtayef Mohammed R. al-Agha Yousif K. Ibrahim Rimel M. Benmessaoud Mourad M. Cherif Hashem A. Madkour Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Marine Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Directorate General of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem Palestine Kamal al-Ohood Primary School for Girls North Gaza Education Directorate Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Biology Faculty of Science Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water and Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM) La Goulette Port Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Hurghada Egypt

The Mediterranean Sea is home to an interesting biodiversity. The current cumulative and descriptive study aims to enumerate some relatively large marine mammals, reptiles, and fishes that have been spotted, caught, by-caught, or stranded on the coast of the gaza Strip, Palestine, which extends about 42 km along the Mediterranean Sea. This 20-year study from 2003 to 2022 relied much on frequent field visits, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, following local media sites and social media pages, and photography. The study recorded at least 26 giants or relatively large marine organisms on the Mediterranean coast of the gaza Strip, Palestine. Certainly, the coming years may bring other marine organisms of relatively large sizes. Marine mammals included three species of cetaceans with the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) being the largest mammal and even the largest animal ever recorded in this study. Marine reptiles included three species of sea turtles, the largest of which is the Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which is in fact the world’s largest sea turtle. The bony fishes were represented by ten species, the largest of which was the Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola), which is the largest bony fish in the world. The cartilaginous fishes included ten species with the largest specimens encountered were the Shortfin Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus), Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini), and Giant Devil Ray (Mobula mobular). Seabirds were not included in the study. The alexandria Pompano (alectis alexandrinus) and the Silver-Cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), which are bony fishes, appear to be the relatively smallest marine organisms recorded here. In conclusion, the role of the various parties must be coordinated to ensure the sustainability of human activities and their compatibility with the task of conserving local marine biota, including the gigantic or relatively large ones.

关键词： Mediterranean Sea Marine Biodiversity Marine Mammals Sea Turtles Bony Fishes Cartilaginous Fishes gaza Strip Palestine

Improved Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation Using STBC-CSM

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2018年第12期6卷 149-156页

作者： Ammar M. Abu-Hudrouss Electrical Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine

Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is a scheme that enhances the error performance without extra power not bandwidth. This paper presents a modified Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation (SOTC-SM) based on a cyclic structure of the Space Time Coding. The developed code benefits from expanded codebook of the Space Time Block Coded Spatial Modulation (STBC-SM) to enhance the coding gain. The set-partitioning and the code design based on the expanded codebook was given for codes with rate of 2 and 3 bps and can be easily extended to higher rates. The Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated via computer simulation. It was shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the SOTC-SM performance for the same number of transmit antennas.

关键词： Space Time Block Coding Spatial Modulation Trellis Cyclic STBC-SM SOTC-SM Set Partitioning

Purification of Stormwater Using Sand Filter

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第11期5卷 1007-1012页

作者： Abdel Majid Nassar Kamel Hajjaj Environment Engineering Department Islamic University Gaza The Gaza Strip Gaza The Palestinian Territories Site Engineer Infrastructure & Camp Improvement Program-UNRWA The Gaza Strip Gaza The Palestinian Territories

Rain water is an important source to feed the groundwater aquifer, whether directly or by harvesting and recharging. The importance of purification is for reducing the risk of pollutants from recharging runoff rainwater. The use of sand filter as a technique considered not expensive and commonly used for removing contaminants from water and wastewater treatment industries. The methodology used laboratory testing, by designing and constructing pilot plant to experiment the sand filter for purification, and made simulation for the infiltration of storm water through sand filter of 2 meters depth, in order to find the relationship between the depth on one hand, and the removal of suspended solids and fecal coliforms bacteria on the other hand, to know the effective depth that gets the purification. The research results during three days of infiltration show that the sand filter can remove fecal coliforms bacteria at a depth of 150 cm, and provide purified water with a concentration of suspended solids less than 20 mg/liter at a depth of 75 cm.

关键词： Sand Filter Suspended Solid Fecal Coliforms Stormwater Purification

The Influence of Fertilizers on Groundwater Quality in gaza Strip—Free Settlements on Khan Younis—Case Study

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第3期8卷 330-336页

作者： Yunes Mogheir Salahaldin Abu Abdou Samir Matar Environmental Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Civil Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Municipal Development and Lending Fund (MDLF) Gaza Palestine

The Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture started the agricultural investment in some free settlements in gaza strip since 2008. The proposed areas to be planted and the proposed crops were chosen randomly without any researches to study the expected adverse impacts of these agricultural projects on the environmental components. This research aimed at the groundwater aquifer in the proposed region physically and chemically by taking five water samples from water wells in the place. Represented groundwater samples taken from observation wells in the study area were tested in term of total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), and (N-P-K) concentrations to be compared with the regulated groundwater standards. As a result of testing two fertilizers, it is found that the announced concentrations of (N-P-K) don’t match the real results. The real results are less than the announced concentrations, especially for the phosphorus concentration which had a real result about half of the announced concentration for both fertilizers. although the real concentrations of (N-P-K) in the used fertilizers are less the announced concentrations, slightly pollution is found in the groundwater aquifer. The groundwater testing results in five observation wells showed that the groundwater tends to be basic, high salinity ranged between 550 and 3500 μS/cm, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) results ranged between 330 and 2300. Nitrate results ranged between 65 and 160 ppm, whereas phosphorus and potassium results showed that all groundwater samples met the standards and didn’t exceed them.

关键词： Free Settlements Khan Younis Groundwater Aquifer Quality

Polypharmacy in Primary Care Practices among Chronic Elderly Patients in gaza Strip

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第3期5卷 291-297页

作者： Mahmoud Taleb Abed al-Kareem Abed Abedel Rahman Dahudi Ahmed Najim Adham Ahmed Faculty of Intermediate Studies University of Palestine Gaza Palestine Faculty of Pharmacy Alazhar University Gaza Palestine Medical Services Gaza Palestine Palestinian Ministry of Health Gaza Palestine

Introduction: The increasing number of elderly, and drug use among the elderly, emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of drug utilization. Chronic diseases are frequent among the older population;the rate of drug related problems and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with the medical and financial consequences are enormous. Polypharmacy (PP) is defined as the concomitant use of 5 or more medications. We studied PP among chronic elderly patients in gaza Strip and its distri- bution among primary health care clinics in different areas. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive analytical study, analyzing prescription data from general practices during a 3-month time period, to measure the prevalence of PP and medication errors among chronic elderly pa- tients. Data were collected directly from the prescriptions and medical records, which contain per- sonal data for patients like patient age and gender, included the current illness, drug treatment for the current illness, chronic disease/s and drug treatment for chronic disease/s. SPSS software was used to analyze the obtained data. Results: Percent of major PP was the highest among patients aged 60 - 69 years when compared with other ages categories of study population but not reached to be statisticaly significant (0.012). Major PP was higher in female patients than that in male patients but difference wasn’t statistically significant (0.5). The average number of drug per prescription was 3.4 drug;and the minimum value per prescription was 1 meanwhile maximum value was 9 (SD + 1.7). Conclusion: PP (use of five drugs or more) is more prevalent among elderly patients with multiple diseases. Female patients consume more drugs than male do. There were some regional differences in drug utilization not explained by morbidity, suggesting some varia- tions in prescribing behaviors.

关键词： Polypharmacy Elderly gaza Strip Chronic Diseases Primary Health Care