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Status of hepatitis C virus vaccination:Recent update

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第2期22卷 862-873页

作者： kouka saadeldin abdelwahab zeinab nabil ahmed said Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine(for girls)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11435Egypt

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is still a major public health problem worldwide since its first identification in 1989. At the start, HCV infection was post-transfusion viral infection, particularly in developing countries. Recently, due to iv drug abuse, HCV infection became number one health problem in well-developed countries as well. Following acute HCV infection, the innateimmune response is triggered in the form of activated coordinated interaction of NK cells, dendritic cells and interferon α. The acquired immune response is then developed in the form of the antibody-mediated immune response(ABIR) and the cell-mediated immune response(CMIR). Both are responsible for clearance of HCV infection in about 15% of infected patients. However, HCV has several mechanisms to evade these antivirus immune reactions. The current review gives an overview of HCV structure, immune response and viral evasion mechanisms. It also evaluates the available preventive and therapeutic vaccines that induce innate, ABIR, CMIR. Moreover, this review highlights the progress in recent HCV vaccination studies either in preclinical or clinical phases. The unsatisfactory identification of HCV infection by the current screening system and the limitations of currently available treatments, including the ineligibility of some chronic HCV patients to such antiviral agents, mandate the development of an effective HCV vaccine.

关键词： Hepatitis C Viral envelope glycoproteins Immune response Hepatitis C virus vaccine Clinicaltrials

Brain age estimation:premise,promise,and problems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2313-2314页

作者： Jarrad Perron Ji Hyun Ko Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Price Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada PrairieNeuro Research Centre Kleysen Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Sciences CentreWinnipegMBCanada Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada

Premise:The com bined effects of modern healthcare practices which prolong lifespan and declining birthrates have created unprecedented changes in age demographics worldwide that are especially pronounced in Japan,South Korea,Europe,and North *** old age is the most significant predictor of dementia,global healthcare systems must rise to the challenge of providing care for those with neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： estimation providing birth

Proteostasis failure:at the intersection between aging and alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3221-3222页

作者： Natalia Poblete Claudio Hetz Center for Geroscience Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile Biomedical Neuroscience Institute Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology Institute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCAUSA

Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of *** we have gained important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of AD,only palliative care is available to *** is characterized by the abnormal deposition of protein aggregates in the brain formed by amyloid β and hyper-phosphorylated,Tau in addition to neuroinflammation.

关键词： alzheimer amyloid stasis

Series solution of a natural convection flow for a Carreau fluid in a vertical channel with peristalsis

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第6期27卷 969-979页

作者： ABD ELMABOUD Y. MEKHEIMER Kh.S. MOHAMED Mohamed S. Mathematics Department Faculty of Science and ArtsKhulaisUniversity Of Jeddah Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University(Assiut Branch) Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceTaif University Hawia Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University

An analysis has been achieved to study the natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid （namely a Carreau fluid） in a vertical channel with rhythmically contracting walls. The Navier-Stokes and the energy equations are reduced to a system of non- linear PDE by using the long wavelength approximation. The optimal homotopy analysis method （OHAM） is introduced to obtain the exact solutions for velocity and temperature fields. The convergence of the obtained OHAM solution is discussed explicitly. Numerical calculations are carried out for the pressure rise and the features of the flow and temperature characteristics are analyzed by plotting graphs and discussed in detail.

关键词： homotopy analysis method (HAM) peristaltic transport carreau fluid heat transfer natural convection flow

Predicting the Need for ICU Admission in COVID-19 Patients Using XGBoost

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2077-2092页

作者： Mohamed Ezz Murtada K.Elbashir Hosameldeen Shabana College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakakaKSA faculty of Engineering Al Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt faculty of Mathematical and Computer Sciences University of GeziraWad MadaniSudan faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt College of medicine Shaqra UniversityKSA

It is important to determine early on which patients require ICU admissions in managing COVID-19 especially when medical resources are *** in ICU admissions is associated with negative outcomes such as mortality and ***,early identification of patients with a high risk of respiratory failure can prevent complications,enhance risk stratification,and improve the outcomes of severely-ill hospitalized *** this paper,we develop a model that uses the characteristics and information collected at the time of patients’admissions and during their early period of hospitalization to accurately predict whether they will need ICU *** use the data explained and organized in a window-based manner by the Sírio-Libanês hospital team(published on Kaggle).Preprocessing is applied,including imputation,cleaning,and feature *** the cleaning process,we remove zero-variance,redundant,and/or highly correlated(measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient)*** use Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)with early stopping as a predictor in our developed *** run the experiment in four stages starting from the features of Window 1 in Stage 1 and then incrementally add the features of Windows 2–4 in Stages 2–4 *** achieve AUCs of 0.73,0.92,0.95,and 0.97 in those four stages.

关键词： COVID-19 ICU admission XGBoost

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Decline and fall of aging astrocytes:the human perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1713-1714页

作者： alexei Verkhratsky alexey Semyanov faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNEDLeioaSpain Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina Department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineVilniusLithuania International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Physiology Jiaxing University College of MedicineJiaxingZhejiang ProvinceChina

“Last scene of all that ends this strange,eventful history,is second childishness and mere oblivion.I am sans teeth,sans eyes,sans taste,sans everything.”William Shakespeare‘As You Like It'Act 2,Sc.7,l.139Aging of the human brain is characterized by a progressive decline of its functional capacity;this decline however varies widely,and cognitive longevity differs substantially between individuals.

关键词： aging teeth progressive

An explicit and novel structure,lattice dynamics,and photoemission of La-doped nanocrystalline SrZrO_(3) perovskite

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Rare Metals 2021年第1期40卷 105-112页

作者： Kamilia Sedeek Nahed Makram Hanan Hantour Taghreed Zaghloul Amer Shimaa ali Said Nano-Materials Laboratory Physics DepartmentFaculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNasr CityCairo 11751Egypt Physics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNasr CityCairo 11751Egypt

As no complete and comprehensive studies have been previously reported for La-doped nanocrystalline SrZrO_(3)(SZO),we researched herein a detailed investigation for pure and La-doped samples.A modified solid-state reaction process,including successive cycles of milling and sintering at high temperature,was followed to produce SZO and Sr_(0.9)La_(0.1)ZrO_(3)(SLZO)powdered *** analysis of X-ray diffractometer data predicts that the two samples exhibit orthorhombic structure with an increase in crystallite size by~25%for doped sample.A great reduction in Raman modes intensity(~60%)and an annihilation of several vibration modes were detected using Raman *** degree of ordering on the B-site was recorded to be higher in La-doped *** to ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption,a decrease in the optical gap width(E_(g))from 4.40 eV to 4.21 eV was achieved by La incorporation due to the presence of additional defect states such as oxygen and Sr vacancies at the band *** process of electron-hole recombination was studied using photoluminescence(PL)*** of PL spectra yielded four emission bands:one green band,one blue band,and two violet *** intense violet emission atλ=393 nm approximately five times greater than that detected for pure SZO is realized as La^(3+)substitutes for Sr^(2+).Such property nominates SLZO for technological applications requiring highly intense violet emission,e.g.,light-emitting diodes.

关键词： Orthorhombic perovskite structure Lattice dynamics Diffused reflectance Photoluminescence Highly intense violet emission

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine and pyrimido[1,2-α]pyrimidine derivatives

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第6期26卷 690-694页

作者： Mohamed S.A.El-Gaby Jehan A.Micky Nadia M.Saleh Yousry A.Ammar Heba S.A.Mohamed Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University at Assiut Chemistry Department Faculty of Science (Girl’s)Al-Azhar University Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University Photochemistry Department National Research CenterEl-DokkiGizaEgypt

2-Aminocyclopenta[d]pyrimidines 3a-c were achieved via a one-pot, three-component reactions of cyclopentanone 1, aromatic aldehyde and guanidine hydrochloride （1：2：1 molar ratio）. also, cyclization of 2,5-bis-（arylmethylidene）cyclopentanones 2 with guanidine hydrochloride （1：1 molar ratio） in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide afforded cyclopenta-[d]pyrimidines 3. Compound 3c has been shown to be a useful building block for the synthesis of some novel pyrimido[ 1,2-a]pyrimidines 5, 7 and 12. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of analytical and spectral data,

关键词： Multicomponent reaction Cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine Pyrimido[1 2-a]pyrimidine Cyclopentanone