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Protective and Regenerative Efficacy of a Plant Oil-Based Day and Night Cream: Investigated by a Novel Approach to Reveal the Impact of Blue Light Irradiation on Epidermal Barrier Integrity and Lipid Matrix

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2024年第3期14卷 227-241页

作者： Dorothee Dähnhardt Stephan Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer Isabel Simon Dana Ditgen Inge Holland Dörte Segger Peter Staib Microscopy Services Dhnhardt gmbh Flintbek Germany Research & Development and Regulatory Affairs Kneipp GmbH Wuerzburg Germany SGS INSTITUT FRESENIUS gmbh Hamburg Germany

In recent years, the harmful effects of blue light (400 - 500 nm) as a component of visible light (400 - 700 nm) have increasingly gained attention of science, industry, and consumers. To date, only a few in vivo test methods for measuring the effects of blue light on the skin have been described. A direct measurement method that can detect the immediate effects of blue light on the epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) is still lacking. In this study, we present a new methodological approach that can be used to investigate both the protective and regenerative effects of cosmetic products on the EPB after blue light irradiation. In a study with 14 female volunteers, it was investigated whether the regular application of an O/W emulsion (day cream) can strengthen and protect the epidermal barrier against damaging blue light radiation of 60 J/cm2 (protective study design) and also whether a disruption of the epidermal barrier caused by blue light radiation is restored faster and better by the regular application of another O/W emulsion (night cream) than in product-untreated skin (regenerative study design). The two O/W emulsions are different in plant oil, active ingredient composition and texture. The seven-day treatment with the day cream initially led to a significant increase in the normalized lipid lamellae length in the intercellular space, whereas the irradiation with blue light after 24 hours led to a significant decrease in the lipid lamellae length in the untreated test area, but not in the area previously treated with the product. Regarding the regenerative study design, a two-day treatment with the night cream was able to restore a blue-light-induced decrease in lipid lamellae length in the intercellular space. In summary, with the study designs presented here, the protective and regenerative effect of two cosmetic products could be demonstrated for the first time on the integrity of the EPB after blue light irradiation and the data showed that the Lipbarv

关键词： Skin Care Blue Light Irradiation Skin Barrier Intercellular Lipid Lamellae Electron Microscopy

The synergies of SMAP enhanced and MODIS products in a random forest regression for estimating 1 km soil moisture over Africa using Google Earth Engine

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Big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 33-57页

作者： Farzane Mohseni Amirhossein Ahrari Jan-Henrik Haunert Carsten Montzka Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation University of BonnBonnGermany Water Energy and Environmental Engineering Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Institute of Bio-and Geosciences:Agrosphere(IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany

Due to the coarse scale of soil moisture products retrieved from passive microwave observations(SMPMW),several downscaling methods have been developed to enable regional scale ***,it can be challenging for users to access final data products and algorithms,as well as managing different data sources and formats,various data processing methods,and the complexity of the workflows from raw data to information ***,the Google Earth Engine(GEE),which as of late offers SMPMW,is used to implement a workflow for retrieving 1 km SM at a depth of 0-5 cm using MODIS optical/thermal measurements,the SM_(PMW)coarse scale product,and a random forest *** proposed method was implemented on the African continent to estimate weekly SM *** results of this study were evaluated against in-situ measurements of three validation ***,in comparison to the original SM_(PMW)product,which was limited by a spatial resolution of only 9 km,this method is able to estimate SM at 1 km spatial resolution with acceptable accuracy(an average correlation coefficient of 0.64 and a ubRMSD of 0.069 m^(3)/m^(3)).The results show that the proposed method in GEE provides a precise estimation of SM with a higher spatial resolution across the entire continent.

关键词： Soil moisture SMAP Google Earth Engine random forest regression MODIS

Recent development in aluminium for automotive applications

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第7期24卷 1995-2002页

作者： Jürgen HIRSCH Hydro Aluminium Rolled products gmbh

Aspects of material selection and innovative concepts of car construction using aluminium as best suited light-weight materials were presented, and recent development in established and advanced use of aluminium in passenger cars was discussed that help to meet economic and environmental requirements. 5xxx and 6xxx aluminium alloys were presented that have been improved for the increasing demands regarding higher strength and better formability, resulting in a mass reduction and improved crashworthiness. Furthermore, advances concerning multi-material light weight design were presented by examples for aluminium solutions in advanced “Multi-material” Super-Light-Car （SLC） concepts, which reaches significant mass reductions.

关键词： automobile body-in-white light weight design super-light-car

The Integration of Vacuum Brazing into Heat Treatment - A Progressive Combined Process

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 597-600页

作者： Ingo Reinkensmeier Henkjan Buursen Body cote Warmebehandlung gmbh Menden GermanyBodycote Warmebehandlung GmbH Diemen Netherlands

The continuous constructive challenge to improve the functionality and efficiency of components always results in higher demands on production engineering, against the background of the generally increasing cost pressure. In many cases, you will just succeed in producing competitive and innovative products by combining and coupling of different procedures to an independent (hybrid) technology. The use of hybrid procedures for metal joining and heat treatment of metallic materials finds more and more industrial fields of application. Modern vacuum lines with integrated pressurized gas quenching are considered high-performance and flexible means of production for brazing and heat treatment tasks as well in the turbine industry as in the mould making and tool manufacturing industry. In doing so, the heat treatment is coupled with the brazing cycle in a combined process so that the brazing temperatures and soak times are adapted to the necessary temperatures and times for solution heat treatment and austeniting. This user-oriented article describes on the one hand examples of brazing of turbine components, but above all the practical experience from the plastics processing industry, where the requirement for a high-efficient cooling of injection moulding dies gains more and more importance. The combined procedure "Vacuum Brazing and Hardening" offers plenty of possibilities to produce mould inserts with an efficient tempering system in an economic way.

关键词：真空焊接热处理金属连结气体流淬火

安装天然气／氧气燃烧器后冲天炉熔炼工艺的改进——部分取代焦炭和喷射铸造粉尘

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铸造设备与技术 2006年第1期 14-16,18,20,22-23页

作者： Othmar Frielingsdorf Torsten Wieting Holger Strüning Michael Lemperle air products gmbh Hattingen RWTH Aachen （IEHK） Aachen Fritz Winter Eisengiesserei gmbh ＆ Co KG Stadtallendorf Küttner gmbh Essen

德国铸造工业每生产一吨铸铁将产生近100公斤的粉尘，每年产生的粉尘和炉渣总量大约为520．000吨。钢铁工业也会产生大量的粉尘，如废气净化和集尘装置的过滤粉尘、转炉粉尘、轧制铁鳞和备料车间的粉尘，加上这些每年废弃物的排放量会... 详细信息

德国铸造工业每生产一吨铸铁将产生近100公斤的粉尘，每年产生的粉尘和炉渣总量大约为520．000吨。钢铁工业也会产生大量的粉尘，如废气净化和集尘装置的过滤粉尘、转炉粉尘、轧制铁鳞和备料车间的粉尘，加上这些每年废弃物的排放量会进一步增加，因此大量的粉尘有待进行再生处理。

关键词：铸造粉尘熔炼工艺冲天炉燃烧器天然气喷射焦炭氧气安装铸造工业

Comparison and Adaptation of Two Strategies for Anomaly Detection in Load Profiles Based on Methods from the Fields of Machine Learning and Statistics

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2021年第2期10卷 37-49页

作者： Patrick Krawiec Mark Junge Jens Hesselbach Limón gmbh Kassel Germany Department for Sustainable products and Processes (Upp) University Kassel Kassel Germany

The Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control (BAFA) of Germany promotes digital concepts for increasing energy efficiency as part of the “Pilotprogramm Einsparzähler”. Within this program, Limón gmbh is developing software solutions in cooperation with the University of Kassel to identify efficiency potentials in load profiles by means of automated anomaly detection. Therefore, in this study two strategies for anomaly detection in load profiles are evaluated. To estimate the monthly load profile, strategy 1 uses the artificial neural network LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), with a data period of one month (1 M) or three months (3 M), and strategy 2 uses the smoothing method PEWMA (Probalistic Exponential Weighted Moving Average). By comparing with original load profile data, residuals or summed residuals of the sequence lengths of two, four, six and eight hours are identified as an anomaly by exceeding a predefined threshold. The thresholds are defined by the Z-Score test, i.e., residuals greater than 2, 2.5 or 3 standard deviations are considered anomalous. Furthermore, the ESD (Extreme Studentized Deviate) test is used to set thresholds by means of three significance level values of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15, with a maximum of k

Effects of newly devised plasma lice comb on human hair

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第12期21卷 78-84页

作者： Lars TEN BOSCH Andreas HUBER Philipp SAUERBIER Robert KOHLER Georg AVRAMIDIS Wolfgang VIOL University of Applied Sciences and Arts HAWK Faculty NVon-Ossietzky-Strasse 99/10037085 GottingenGermany Neaspec gmbh Eglfinger Weg 285540 Munich-HaarGermany Wood Biology and Wood products Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GoettingenBüsgenweg 437077 GottingenGermany

A plasma device was developed showing high potential for a pesticide-free treatment of pediculosis. As a first safety assessment of the device was presented earlier, this present paper focuses on the damage introduced to human hair during a plasma treatment for pediculosis control. Therefore, human hairs were treated repeatedly to assess the possible occurring damage developing with increasing treatment durations. To analyse the inflicted changes on human hair examinations using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS/ESCA), scanning nearfield optical microscopy(SNOM) and scanning electron microscopy were conducted, to compare the modifications of surface chemistry and mechanical alterations. The investigations revealed a mild impact on the surface chemistry(XPS/SNOM), while more distinct morphological changes on the hair surface could be observed. The authors conclude that an effect of the plasma comb device on the hair during a real-life treatment is negligible, due to the very short contact times during a standard combing procedure for pediculosis control.

关键词： atmospheric pressure plasma dielectric barrier discharge pediculosis SEM SNOM ESCA XPS hair smoothing plasma based pest management

Niobium in Cast Steels—From Microalloying to Macroalloying

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Niobium in Cast Steels—From Microalloying to Macroalloying

The Beneficial Effect of Niobium Alloying in Gray Cast Iron-Fundamentals and Applications

中国机械工程学会第十一届全国铸造年会

作者： Hardy Mohrbacher Niobium products Company gmbh Steinstrasse 28 40210 DüsseldorfGermany

＜正＞Microalloying in rolled steel products is a very successfully and frequently applied technology to improve the steel properties, particularly strength and toughness. The addition of niobium is usually less than 0.1% by weight. The major effect of niobium is due to forming precipitates during rolling in the austenite preventing recrystallization below a particular rolling temperature and thus resulting in grain refinement. Yet, for typical steel castings rolling or forging practices are not applicable and hence the mentioned grain refining mechanism cannot be activated. Therefore, the introduction of microalloying in HSLA steel castings has been much slower as compared to rolled HSLA steel. Niobium carbide precipitation in absence of deformation is delayed and usually occurs upon the transformation from austenite to fer-rite. If subsequent heat treatment cycles are performed such as e. g. normalizing, the niobium carbide precipitates will have a beneficial effect preventing grain coarsening of the austenite during reheating which then leads to a finer grain size after re -transformation to ferrite. Niobium in solid solution can also influence the microstructure by lowering the transformation temperature. In combination with for instance molybdenum or boron, acicular - ferritic or bainitic microstructures can be obtained offering superior strength and toughness as well as good weldability when carbon is reduced simultaneously. With that possibility interesting applications in the offshore and construction industry appear. Essential to the success of a microalloyed HSLA cast steel concept is the understanding of niobium precipitation and re - dissolution, which will be discussed. More common is the use of niobium in higher alloyed cast steels. Such alloys are e. g. heat resistant steels, wear resistant steels or high - speed steels. Niobium additions are much higher than in HSLA steels with an upper limit of about 2% by weight in conventional casting metallurgy. Dep

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The Beneficial Effect of Niobium Alloying in Gray Cast Iron-...