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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 1-18页

作者： Sukhwa Hong Jiseon Kim Jaebeom Park Sunmi Im Michael R.Hoffmann Kangwoo Cho division of environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 790−784Korea Linde Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Institute for Convergence research and Education in Advanced Technology(I‑CREATE) Yonsei University International CampusIncheon 21983Republic of Korea

Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H_(2) production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy *** study reports Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2) overlayer(NFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment *** dilute(0.1 M)NaCl solutions,the NFI/TiO_(2) marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperforming the benchmark IrO_(2).Robust operation in near-neutral pH was *** including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the primary site for Cl−chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic *** electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH_(4)^(+)-to-N_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive *** scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO_(2)was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater electrolysis cell Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4) Reactive chlorine species Decentralized H_(2)production On-site wastewater treatment

Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong:A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 424-440页

作者： Yuchen Mai Vincent Cheung Peter K.K.Louie Kenneth Leung Jimmy C.H.Fung Alexis K.H.Lau Donald R.B.lake Dasa Gu division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China environmental Protection Department Hong Kong 999077China Environment and Ecology Bureau Hong Kong 999077China Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA

Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three *** organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major *** study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source *** showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,*** using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,*** findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Positive matrix factorization Source apportionment Ozone formation

Impacts of emission reduction and meteorological conditions on air quality improvement from 2016 to 2020 in the Northeast Plain,China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 484-496页

作者： Xueling Yang Qiyuan Wang Lang Liu Jie Tian Hailing Xie Luyao Wang Yue Cao Steven Sai Hang Ho Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment research Xi’an 710061China National Observation and research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi’an 710061China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512USA

The Northeast Plain in China ranks among the top five regions that have been significantly impacted by haze *** effectively control pollution,it is crucial to accurately assess the effects of emission reduction *** this study,we analyzed surveillance data and found substantial decreases(ranging from 19.0%to 50.1%)in average annual mass concentrations of key pollutants(such as CO,SO_(2),NO_(2),and PM_(2.5))in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to *** precisely determine the contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the improvement of air quality in the Northeast Plain,we conducted three scenario *** comparing source emissions in December 2016 and 2020 using the WRF-Chem model(except for SO_(2)),we observed significant reductions of 21.3%,8.8%,and 9.8%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,from 2016 to *** highlights the essential role that meteorological conditions play in determining air quality in the Northeast ***,further reducing source emissions by 30%in December 2016 resulted in subsequent reductions of 25.3%,29.0%,4.5%,and 30.3%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,under the same meteorological ***,source emission reduction was effective for PM_(2.5),SO_(2),and CO,but not for NO_(2).The improvement in air quality in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to 2020 can be attributed to the combined effects of improved meteorological conditions and reduced pollution sources.

关键词： Air quality Emission reduction Meteorological conditions The Northeast Plain WRF-Chem

Nontarget screening using passive air and water sampling with a level Ⅱ fugacity model to identify unregulated environmental contaminants

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 84-91页

作者： In-Young Chung Yu-Mi Park Hyun-Jeoung Lee Hyuk Kim Dong-Hoon Kim Il-Gyu Kim Sang-Min Kim Young-Sun Do Kwang-Seol Seok Jung-Hwan Kwon Chemical research division Environmental Health Research Department National Institute of Environmental ResearchIncheon division of environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University

It is thought that there are many unregulated anthropogenic chemicals in the *** risk assessment of chemicals, it is essential to estimate the predicted environmental concentrations. As an effort of identifying residual organic contaminants in air and water in Korea, nontarget screening using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC × GC-TOFMS） was conducted at 10 sites using polyurethane foam passive air sampler and at 6 sites using polydimethyl siloxane（PDMS） passive water sampler in three different seasons in 2014. More than 600 chemical peaks were identified satisfying the identification criteria in air and water samples, respectively, providing a list for further investigation. Chemical substances with reported national emission rates in2014（n = 149） were also screened for potential existence in the environment using a level Ⅱ fugacity model. Most of chemical substances classified as not detectable were not identified with detection frequency greater than 20% by nontarget screening, indicating that a simple equilibrium model has a strong potential to be used to exclude chemicals that are not likely to remain in the environment after emissions from targeted monitoring.

关键词： Nontarget screening GC × GC-TOFMS Passive sampling Pollutant release and transfer register(PRTR) Fugacity model

Induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells by the alkaloid extract of garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第3期17卷 221-228页

作者： Shriniwas S.Basaiyye Sanjay Kashyap Kannan Krishnamurthi Saravanadevi Sivanesan environmental Health division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Analytical Instrument division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

Objective: Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.) is an important herb in traditional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men. In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to destroy leukemic cancer(Jurkat E6-1) cells, using the alkaloid extract of this ***: Constituents of the alkaloid extract were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) and their cytotoxicity in leukemic cancer cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was assessed. Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering, caspase-3 activity,annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and mitochondrial toxicity assays. The specific course of gene activation in treated cells was determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results: GC–MS analysis identified six alkaloids and proto-alkaloids, namely, benzyl isothiocyanate(1),2-ethoxy-4 H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one(2),(4 R)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-4-phenyloxazoline(3), 5-acetyl-1,2-di hydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(4), benzo[b][1,8]-naphthyridin-5(10 H)-on e,2,4,7-trimethyl(5) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone(6), in the alkaloid extract of L. sativum. Of these,compound 1 was previously identified in the seeds of L. sativum. Exposure to the alkaloid extract caused death of Jurkat E6-1 cells, with median lethal concentration(LC50) of 75.25 mg/mL. However, the alkaloid extract also showed a nontoxic and proliferative(1.6-fold) effect in healthy PBMCs. Further experiments performed with Jurkat cells at LC50 and sub-LC50 doses demonstrated DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and time-dependant phosphatidylserine translocation(apoptosis) from inner to outer cell membranes. Cell toxicity and assessment of adenosine triphosphate level, together with using qPCR to evaluate expression profile of major apoptosis genes, revealed that apoptosis may be induced by disruption in the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, through activation of extrinsic a

关键词： Lepidium sativum Benzyl isothiocyanate Apoptosis Peripheral blood mononuclear cell Mitochondrial toxicity

Genotoxicity of Pesticide Waste Contaminated Soil and Its Leachate

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Biomedical and environmental Sciences 2004年第3期17卷 257-265页

作者： S.D.SIVANESAN K.KRISHNAMURTHI S.D.WACHASUNDER T.CHAKRABARTI environmental Biotechnology division Environmental Biotechnology DivisionInstrumentation Division National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg Nagpur-440 020 IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology Division

Objective Improper land disposal of hazardous waste can result in leaching of hazardous constituents which may contaminate ground and surface water leading to adverse impact on human health and environment consequences. The present study utilized mammalian cell culture for the genotoxicity assessment of waste and its leachate. Methods Genotoxic potential and chemical analysis of pesticide derived tarry waste contaminated soil extract and its leachate was assessed using in vitro human lymphocyte cultures and GC-MS. Results The investigation revealed that the soil extract could cause significant to highly significant genotoxicity in the form of DNA strand break at 25 mL (P<0.01), 50 mL, 100 mL and 200 mL (P<0.001) and chromosomal aberration at 25 mL (P<0.01) and 50 mL and 100 mL (P<0.001). The leachate could cause significant DNA strand break and chromosomal aberration only at 100 mL and 200 mL (P<0.01) dose levels. Conclusion The genotoxicity observed is attributed to carbaril and tetra methyl naphthyl carbamate, the major ingredients of the extracts, as revealed by GC-MS.

关键词： Genotoxicity Soil extract Leachate DNA strand break Chromosomal aberration Gas chromatography mass spectrometery (GC-MS) Fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding assay (FADU)

Characterizations of organic compounds in diesel exhaust particulates

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 171-183页

作者： Jaehyun Lim Cheolsoo Lim Sangkyun Kim Jihyung Hong division of Global Environment research National Institute of Environmental Research Department of Climate and Air Quality research National Institute of Environmental Research

To characterize how the speed and load of a medium-duty diesel engine affected the organic compounds in diesel particle matter（PM） below 1 μm, four driving conditions were examined. At all four driving conditions, concentration of identifiable organic compounds in PM ultrafine（34–94 nm） and accumulation（94–1000 nm） modes ranged from 2.9 to 5.7 μg/m3 and 9.5 to 16.4 μg/m3, respectively. As a function of driving conditions, the non-oxygencontaining organics exhibited a reversed concentration trend to the oxygen-containing organics. The identified organic compounds were classified into eleven classes： alkanes,alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, alcohols, ethers,nitrogen-containing compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds. At all driving conditions,alkane class consistently showed the highest concentration（8.3 to 18.0 μg/m3） followed by carboxylic acid, esters, ketones and alcohols. Twelve polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）were identified with a total concentration ranging from 37.9 to 174.8 ng/m3. In addition, nine nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds（NPACs） were identified with a total concentration ranging from 7.0 to 10.3 ng/m3. The most abundant PAH（phenanthrene）and NPACs（7,8-benzoquinoline and 3-nitrophenanthrene） comprise a similar molecular（3 aromatic-ring） structure under the highest engine speed and engine load.

关键词： Diesel particle matter Organic compounds Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds

Optimal Design of Splitters Attached to Turbo Blower Impeller by RSM

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Journal of Thermal Science 2012年第3期21卷 215-222页

作者： Choon-Man Jang Ka-Ram Choi environmental Engineering research division Korea Institute of Construction Technology

This paper describes the optimization of the impeller having splitters for a turbo *** design variables,chord of splitter and pitch of splitter,are introduced to enhance the blower *** pressure and ef-ficiency are selected as an object function,and the optimization of the blower impeller is performed by a response surface method (RSM).Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are introduced to analyze the internal flow of the blower and to find the value of the object function for each *** the shape optimization of the splitters attached to the impeller in the turbo blower,pressure and efficiency at the design flow condition are suc-cessively increased by 5.9 percent and 17.9 percent respectively based on the reference *** higher blower efficiency obtained by optimization of impeller having splitters is mainly caused by reducing the number of im-peller blades and optimal design of splitters in the blade passage while pressure increase keeps almost the same with the reference *** the object function of pressure,pressure increase is obtained at the design and off-design conditions while efficiency keeps higher compared to the reference *** enhancement of blow-er performance is due to the reduction of reverse and circulation flows in the blade passage.

关键词： Turbo Blower Splitter Numerical Simulation Optimal Design Pressure Response Surface Method

Genotoxic Effects of PAH Containing Sludge Extracts in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultures

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Biomedical and environmental Sciences 2003年第1期16卷 68-82页

作者： K.KRISHNAMURTHI FONTDEVI T.CHAKRABARTI environmental Biotechnology division National Environmental Engineering Research InstituteNehru MargNagpur-440020IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology DivisionNational Environmental Engineering Research InstituteNehru MargNagpur-440020IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology DivisionNational Environmental Engineering Research InstituteNehru MargNagpur-440020India

Objective Many studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals and waste materials, which utilized in vivo test protocols. The use of animals for routine toxicity testing is now questioned by a growing segment of society. Methods Keeping the above fact in mind, we have conducted in the present study the genotoxicity evaluation of oily sludge samples generated from a petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry and ETP sludge from petroleum refinery using DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein induction and apoptosis in short term in vitro mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures. Results It is evident from the results that the oily sludge compounds derived from petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry could cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein accumulation and apoptotic cell death on exposure to oily sludge extracts in the presence of metabolic activation system (S-9 mix), however, ETP sludge extract could not cause significant genotoxicity in comparison to oily sludge extract and negative control. Conclusion The effect may be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the samples as evidenced from GC-MS.

关键词： DNA damage Chromosomal aberration p53 protein induction Apoptosis Genotoxicity Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS)

Microalgal bioremediation of food-processing industrial wastewater under mixotrophic conditions： Kinetics and scaleup approach

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 499-508页

作者： Suvidha Gupta R. A. Pandey Sanjay B. Pawar environmental Biotechnology division CSIR-Nafional Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nagpur 440020 India

The Chlorella microalgae were mixotrophically cultivated in an unsterilized and unfikered raw foodprocessing industrial wastewater. Both inorganic carbon （CO2-air） and organic carbon （wastewater） were provided simultaneously for microalgae growth. The aim of the study is to find out the utilization rates of total organic carbon （TOC） and chemical oxygen demand （COD） under mixotrophic conditions for a given waste water. About 90% reduction in TOC and COD were obtained for all dilutions of wastewater. Over 60% of nitrate and 40% of phosphate were consumed by microalgae from concentrated raw wastewater. This study shows that microalgae can use both organic and inorganic sources of carbon in more or less quantity under mixotrophic conditions. The growth of microalgae in food-processing industrial wastewater with all studied dilution factors, viz. zero （raw）, 1.6 （dilution A）, and 5 （dilution B） suggests that the freshwater requirement could be reduced substantially （20%-60%）. The degradation kinetics also suggests that the microalgae cultivation on a high COD wastewater is feasible and scalable.

关键词： total organic carbon wastewater bioremedia-tion kinetics mixotrophic cultivation