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Survey and examination of the potential alternative hosts of Villosiclava virens, the pathogen of rice false smut, in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1332-1337页

作者： DENG Qi-de YONG Ming-li LI Dan-yang LAI Chao-hui CHEN Hong-ming FAN Jing HU Dong-wei The State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Biotechnology Institute Zhejiang University Plant Protection Station of Xiangshan county Rice research institute Sichuan Agricultural University

Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the main rice-growing regions in China. Two common weeds in paddy fields, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. and Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv., were found to present the similar symptoms to smut diseases in a few individuals in 2012 and 2013 in Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces of China, respectively. After the examinations of the spore morphology, their infection and extension mode in hosts, pathogen cell wall components, and molecular identification, the two pathogens were identified to be the Basidiomycetes, Ustilago syntherismae and Ustilago trichophora, respectively. So far there has been no alternative host of V. virens to be identified in China. These suggest that the alternative hosts of V. virens, if they do exist, are not possible to play an important role in the pathogen life cycle and the disease epidemics.

关键词： alternative host Villosiclava virens Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Ustilagospp. rice false smut

Seasonal occurrence of Aphis glycines and physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 342-351页

作者： Xing-Ya Wang Li-Hong Zhou Biao Xu Xing Xing Guo-Qing Xu Accepted February 10 2014 institute of Flower research Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous county Anshan Liaoning China

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is an important pest of soybean in China. To monitor and manage this pest effectively it is neces-sary to understand its population dynamics and demographics, as well as the physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding. In this study, using field surveying and suction-trap monitoring, we investigated the population dynamics of the soybean aphid in Xiuyan county, Liaoning Province in northeastern China during 2009-2012. The results indicatedthat the population dynamics of the soybean aphid followed a unimodal curve distribution, with the insect generally colonizing soybean fields from the middle of June to early Julyand the population reaching a peak between early July and early August. On the whole, soybean aphids occurred in suction-traps at least 2 weeks earlier than they were foundin field surveys. A total of 72 alates were collected by suction-trapping over the 4 years, with the earliest alate captures occurring on 28 May in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 4 June in 2010. The life table parameters clearly showed that this aphid had a short doubling time （4.73 ± 0.21 days）, and 7.36± 0.98 nymphs were produced by a soybean aphid adult during its lifetime （13.57 ± 0.30 days）. Finally, biochemical assays indicated that the amount of malondialdehyde and the activities of four defense-related enzymes in soybean leavessignificantly changed between 0 day and 7 days of aphid infestation. Polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and catalase （CAT） activities increased more dramatically after 1 day of aphid feed-ing. In addition, significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and CAT were found after aphid feeding for 7 days, whereas there was no significant change in the activitiesof peroxidase and PPO. Consequently, this study will be beneficial in determining the seasonal occurrence of the soybean aphid and selecting insect-resistant soybean varieties,and thus in developing a theoretical framework for appropriate m

关键词： Aphis glycines defense-related enzymes life table population dynamics suction trap

Biomass-Based Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Aboveground Architectural Parameter Models

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第10期11卷 1621-1632页

作者： CAO Hong-xin LIU Yan LIU Yong-xia Jim Scott Hanan YUE Yan-bin ZHU Da-wei LU Jian-fei SUN Jin-ying SHI Chun-lin GE Dao-kuo WEI Xiu-fang YAO An-qing TIAN Ping-ping BAO Tai-lin Engineering research Center for Digital Agriculture/institute of agricultural Economics and Information Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences The University of Queensland Centre for Biological Information Technology Agronomy College Nanjing Agricultural University College of Agriculture Yangzhou University agricultural Technological Extensive Station of Luntai county Agronomy College Yangtze University

To quantify the relationships between rice plant architecture parameters and the corresponding organ biomass, and to research on functional structural plant models of rice plant, this paper presented a biomass-based model of aboveground architectural parameters of rice （Oryza sativa L.） in the young seedling stage, designed to explain effects of cultivars and environmental conditions on rice aboveground morphogenesis at the individual leaf level. Various model variables, including biomass of blade and blade length, were parameterized for rice based on data derived from an outdoor experiment with rice cv. Liangyou 108, 86You 8, Nanjing 43, and Yangdao 6. The organ dimensions of rice aboveground were modelled taking corresponding organ biomass as an independent variable. Various variables in rice showed marked consistency in observation and simulation, suggesting possibilities for a general rice architectural model in the young seedling stage. Our descriptive model was suitable for our objective. However, they can set the stage for connection to physiological model via biomass and development of functional structural rice models （FSRM）, and start with the localized production and partitioning of assimilates as affected by abiotic growth factors. The finding of biomass-based rice architectural parameter models also can be used in morphological models of blade, sheath, and tiller of the other stages in rice life.

关键词： biomass plant architectural parameter model rice (Oryza sativa L.)

COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS AND ORIGIN OF CARBON ISOTOPE OF LIUHUANGTANG NATURAL GAS IN TENGCHONG county, YUNNAN PROVINCE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1989年第12期34卷 1027-1030页

作者：戴金星 scientific research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Deuelopment Beijing

Tengchong county is a well-known volcanic geothermal area in China, where there are frequent volcanic activities of the Quaternary creating favourable conditions for the migration of natural gas of inorganic origin fr... 详细信息

关键词： natural gas of inorganic origin carbon isotope Liuhuangtang in Tengchong county.

Model fitting of the seasonal population dynamics of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, in the field

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1797-1808页

作者： XU Lei ZHAO Tong-hua XING Xing XU Guo-qing XU Biao ZHAO Ji-qiu institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110161P.R.China agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous county Anshan 114300P.R.China

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the greatest threats to soybean production, and both trend analysis and periodic analysis of its population dynamics are important for integrated pest management(IPM). Based on systematically investigating soybean aphid populations in the field from 2018 to 2020, this study adopted the inverse logistic model for the first time, and combined it with the classical logistic model to describe the changes in seasonal population abundance from colonization to extinction in the field. Then, the increasing and decreasing phases of the population fluctuation were divided by calculating the inflection points of the models, which exhibited distinct seasonal trends of the soybean aphid populations in each year. In addition, multifactor logistic models were then established for the first time, in which the abundance of soybean aphids in the field changed with time and relevant environmental conditions. This model enabled the prediction of instantaneous aphid abundance at a given time based on relevant meteorological data. Taken as a whole, the successful approaches implemented in this study could be used to build a theoretical framework for practical IPM strategies for controlling soybean aphids.

关键词： soybean aphid population dynamics logistic model inverse logistic model multifactor logistic model

Quantifying the Preferential Flow by Dye Tracer in the North China Plain

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第3期26卷 435-444页

作者： Qinghua Wu Chunlei Liu Wenjing Lin Meng Zhang Guiling Wang Fawang Zhang Changjiang River scientific research institute institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The preferential flow plays a vital role on the infiltration of irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to quantify preferential flow in the processing of irrigation infiltration in the field scale. Tests of different initial soil water contents and irrigation intensities were conducted using Brilliant Blue FCF（C.I.42090） dye tracer in Luancheng county of the North China Plain. The results showed that the percentages of infiltration by the preferential flow for irrigation depth of 25, 50, and 75 mm were 16.67%, 43.67%, and 34.17%, with 19.72%, 61.42%, 66.64% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively, which indicated that preferential flow was enhanced with increasing irrigation intensity, but reduced when the irrigation intensity was over 50 mm. The percentages of preferential flow for 75 and 180 mm previous irrigation producing different initial soil water contents were 23.26% and 18.97%, with 53.23% and 39.94% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively. Compared with the 75 mm without previous irrigation, the results indicated that higher initial soil water contents restrained the preferential flow in the field. Therefore, intermittent irrigation and low irrigation intensity patterns, and larger depth of plowing would be suggested to reduce the preferential flow which would increase the soil water utilization efficiency and reduce pollution risk of pesticide and fertilizer to groundwater.

关键词： Brilliant Blue FCF preferential flow infiltration North China Plain

Management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella （Lepidoptera： Plutellidae） by mating disruption

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 643-648页

作者： Qing-Jun Wu Shu-Fa Zhang Jin-Liang Yao Bao-Yun Xu Shao-Li Wang You-Jun Zhang Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing Hebei North University ZhangjiakouHebei Province Plant Protection Station of Yanqing county BeijingChina

Field trials were conducted in China in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the efficacy of mating disruption （MD） on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, in cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Effectiveness was positively correlated with the MD dispenser density in the field. A density of 167 MD dispensers per ha produced an average population decrease of about 50% compared to the conventional-practice field. Significant fewer males were captured in pheromone-treated and conventional-practice fields than in the blank control field, but the difference was not significant between the pheromone-treated and conventional-practice fields. In addition, fewer eggs and larvae were observed in pheromone-treated fields. Our results suggest mating disruption coupled with minimal insecticidal supplements is a promising solution for resistance management and control of diamondback moth infestation.

关键词： mating disruption Plutella xylostella resistance management sexpheromone

Multi-scale analysis to uncover habitat use of red-crowned cranes： Implications for conservation

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 604-617页

作者： Chunyue LIU Hongxing JIANG Shuqing ZHANG Chunrong LI Yunqiu HOU Fawen QIAN Northeast institute of Geography and agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130102 China research institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Ad- ministrationChinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China Yancheng National Nature Reserve Xinyanggang Sheyang County 224333 Jiangsu China

A multi-scale approach is essential to assess the factors that limit avian habitat use. Numerous studies have examined habitat use by the red-crowned crane, but integrated multi-scale habitat use information is lacking. We evaluated the effects of several habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales on crane use and abundance in two periods （2000 and 2009） at Yancheng National Nature Reserve, China. The natural wetlands decreased in area by 30,601 ha （-6.9%） from 2000 to 2009, pre- dominantly as a result of conversion to aquaculture ponds and farmland, and the remaining was under degradation due to expan- sion of the exotic smooth cordgrass. The cranes are focusing in on either larger patches or those that are in close proximity to each other in both years, but occupied patches had smaller size, less proximity and more regular boundaries in 2009. At landscape scales, the area percentage of common seepweed, reed ponds and paddy fields had a greater positive impact on crane presence than the area percentage of aquaculture ponds. The cranes were more abundant in patches that had a greater percent area of common seepweed and reed ponds, while the percent area of paddy fields was inversely related to crane abundance in 2009 due to changing agricultural practices. In 2009, cranes tended to use less fragmented plots in natural wetlands and more fragmented plots in anthropogenic paddy fields, which were largely associated with the huge loss and degradation of natural habitats between the two years. Management should focus on restoration of large patches of natural wetlands, and formation of a relatively stable area of large paddy field and reed pond to mitigate the loss of natural wetlands [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 604-617, 2013].

关键词： Red-crowned crane Habitat Selection Remote sensing Scale Patch Landscape

The mRNA Expression Profiles of Five Heat Shock Protein Genes from Frankliniella occidentalis at Different Stages and Their Responses to Temperatures and Insecticides

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2196-2210页

作者： WANG Hai-hong Stuart R Reitz WANG Li-xia WANG Shuai-yu LI Xue LEI Zhong-ren State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Malheur county Extension Oregon State University The General Station of Plant Protection in Shandong

The westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidental＆（Pergande） is a highly invasive pest that is able to exploit many crops across a wide range of environmental conditions. Five full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein （HSP） genes （Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, Fo-HSP60, Fo-HSP40 and Fo-HSP28.9） were cloned from F. occidentalis, and their expression profiles were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and insecticide exposure, and at different stages during development, using real-time quantitative PCR. All five gene sequences showed high similarity to homologs in other species, indicating the conserved fimction of this gene family. HSP60 represents an informative phylogenetic marker at the ordinal taxonomic level within Insecta, but HSP90, which has two homologous copies in Hymenoptera, was not informative. The expression of Fo-HSPs under thermal stress suggests that Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, and Fo-HSP28.9 are inducible by both cold and heat stress, Fo-HSP40 is only heat-inducible, and Fo-HSP60 is thermally insensitive. There were two patterns of cold induction of Fo-HSPs： one is from 0 to 4℃ and the other is around -8℃. All five Fo-HSPs genes were induced by exposure to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide avermectin. The expression of the five Fo-HSPs during different developmental stages suggests that they all play a role in development of F. occidentalis.

关键词： Frankliniella occidentalis heat shock protein genes environmental stress development expression profile