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Effects of residue management and nitrogen fertilizer rates on accumulation of soil residual nitrate and wheat yield under no-tillage system in south-west of Iran

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2021年第1期9卷 116-126页

作者： Majid Roozbeh Majid Rajaie agricultural Engineering research Department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran Soil and Water research Department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran

Conservation tillage,residue management and optimizing nitrogen(N)fertilization are important stra-tegies for soil and water conservation and sustainability of agricultural *** order to evaluate the effects of various residue management methods and N fertilizer rates on some soil quality indicators,accumulation of residual soil nitrate,and wheat yield under no till system,a split-plot experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three *** plots were three residue management methods,including retaining(R.M1),removing(R.M2)and shredding(R.M3)of corn *** subplots consisted of four N fertilizer rates,100(N1),150(N2),200(N3),and 250(N4)kg N ha^(-1) from urea *** results showed that soil organic carbon and total N in R.M1 and R.M3 treatments increased at the depth of 0-15 cm as compared to *** maximum accumulation of soil nitrate was observed in R.M1 x N4 and R.M3 x N4 interactions at the soil depth of *** results of this study showed that R.M1 x N3 and R.M3 x N3 interactions had a greater impact on wheat yield than the sole effect of R.M1 or *** to our findings,application of 200 kg N ha^(-1) in combination with R.M1 which had once less tractor passing for mechanical shredding than R.M3,can contribute effectively to improve soil quality indicators,control soil residual nitrate and subsequently produce more wheat grain yield in the south-west of Iran.

关键词： No-tillage Corn residue Total nitrogen Nitrate accumulation Organic carbon

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Landraces and Improved Rice Varieties from India

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Rice science 2015年第3期22卷 99-107页

作者： Shailesh D.KUMBHAR Pawan L.KULWAL Jagannath V.PATIL Chandrakant D.SARAWATE Anil P.GAIKWAD Ashok S.JADHAV State Level Biotechnology Centre Mahatma Phule Agricultural University agricultural research station Directorate of Sorghum research

A set of 50 rice genotypes comprising landraces, local selections, and improved varieties were characterized using simple sequence repeat（SSR） and inter simple sequence repeat（ISSR） markers to study genetic diversity and population structure. Following unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based clustering using binary data of polymorphic markers, the genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters and 11 sub-clusters, whereas population structure analysis separated 50 rice genotypes into 5 sub-populations. Grouping of rice genotypes showed better resemblance with the pedigree information of the genotypes. Both genetic diversity and population structure analysis separated majority of the improved varieties from landraces and local selections. Some of the SSR markers amplified unique alleles which were specific to a particular genotype and could distinguish them from the rest. The results indicate that these rice genotypes exhibit a higher genetic diversity and can be very useful in rice improvement program.

关键词： rice genetic diversity molecular marker population structure simple sequence repeat

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Genetic variation for seed phosphorus and yield traits in Indian sorghum landraces and varieties

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 358-365页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.Girish T.R.Ganapathi Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) agricultural research station

Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals. It binds with nutritionally important metals and affects mineral bioavailability. The present study analyzed phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus(IP) content, seed weight, and grain yield in 98 sorghum landraces and varieties grown in two environments to evaluate genotypic and environmental effects and to determine trait stability. Genotypic effects and genotype × interaction were significant for phytic acid concentration and yield components. A promising landrace, Malkhed-1, had the lowest phytic acid(0.015 mg g-1)concentration, with a higher yield(70.02 g plant-1), than the check variety M-35-1 in both environments. Similarly, among the varieties, Phule Maulee showed the lowest phytic acid(0.07 mg g-1) and a higher grain yield of 53.15 g plant-1in both environments. Phytic acid and IP were negatively correlated(r =- 0.34), whereas grain yield and seed weight were positively correlated(r = 0.20). Cluster analysis based on seed phosphorus traits and yield components identified five and six clusters, respectively. Genotypes containing low phytic acid with high yield identified in this study would be helpful for increasing the bioavailability of mineral nutrients.

关键词： Phytic acid Sorghum Genetic variability Correlation

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Effect of Environment and Genetic Recombination on Subspecies and Economic Trait Differentiation in the F_2 and F_3 Generations from indicajaponica Hybridization

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 18-30页

作者： WANG He-tong JIN Feng JIANG Yi-jun LIN Qing-shan XU Hai CHENG Ling XIA Ying-jun LIU Chun-xiang CHEN Wen-fu XU Zheng-jin Rice research Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Rice research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences agricultural Technology Extension station Department of Agriculture of Guangdong Province

indica and japonica are the two most important subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Identifying mechanisms responsible for population differentiation in these subspecies is important for indica-japonica hybridization breeding. In this study, subspecies and economic trait differentiation patterns were analyzed using morphological and molecular （InDel and Intron Length Polymorphism） data in F2 and F3 populations derived from indica-japonica hybridization. Populations were grown in Liaoning and Guangdong provinces, China, with F3 populations generated from F2 populations using bulk harvesting （BM） and single-seed descent methods （SSD）. Segregation distortion was detected in F3-BM populations, but not in F3- SSD or in F2 populations. Superior performance was observed with respect to economic traits in Liaoning compared with that in Guangdong and 1 000-grain weight （KW）, seed setting rate （SSR） and grain yield per plant （GYP） were significantly correlated with indica and japonica subspecies types. Analysis of molecular and morphological data demonstrated that the environment is the main factor giving rise to population differentiation in indica-japonica hybridization. In addition, we also found that KW, SSR and GYP are related to subspecies characteristics and kinship, which is possibly a significant factor resulting in economic trait differentiation and determining environmental adaptability. Our study has provided new insights into the process of population differentiation in these subspecies to inform indica-japonica hybridization breeding.

关键词： indica-japonica hybridization subspecies differentiation environment economic traits recombinant inbred line,rice

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Strategies to enhance cottonseed oil contents and reshape fatty acid profile employing different breeding and genetic engineering approaches

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2205-2218页

作者： Iram Sharif Jehanzeb Farooq Shahid Munir Chohan Sadaf Saleem Riaz Ahmad Kainth Abid Mahmood Ghulam Sarwar Cotton research station Faisalabad 38000Pakistan Ayub agricultural research Institute Faisalabad 38000Pakistan

Cottonseed oil is the valuable byproduct extracted after seed cotton processing for lint. It confers a huge contribution to total vegetable oil production and ranked the 2nd to meet global edible oil requirements. Over centuries, breeders mainly focused to improve lint production and fiber quality. Now attention has been given to improve the cottonseed oil percentage, its functional and nutritional properties. However, these efforts are less than other major oilseed crops which left cottonseed oil market behind in term of consumer demand and kept cott on seed oil industry at vuln erable positi on. Con siderable progress has been made to alter the relative percentage of fatty acid composition still intensified efforts have been required to meet the global oilseed demand. The objective of this review is to explore the cotton germplasm variation for seed oil carrying potential, its utilization in suitable breeding programs, seed oil biosynthetic pathways, major genes, and QTLs linked to quantity and quality enhancement of oil and deployment of modern genomic tools, viz., gene silencing and transgenic development to ameliorate its nutritional properties.

关键词： biosynthesis edible oil gene silencing oil quality oleic acid stearic acid

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Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Response to Perennial Bioenergy Grass, Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 223-235页

作者： Upendra M. SAINJU Hari P. SINGH Bharat P. SINGH USDA agricultural research Service Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory Sidney MT 59270 (USA) Fort Valley State University Agricultural Research Station Fort Valley GA 31030 (USA)

Cover crop and nitrogen （N） fertilization may maintain soil organic matter under bioenergy perennial grass where removal of aboveground biomass for feedstock to produce cellulosic ethanol can reduce soil quality. We evaluated the effects of cover crops and N fertilization rates on soil organic carbon （C）（SOC）, total N （STN）, ammonium N （NH4-N）, and nitrate N （NO3-N） contents at the 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm depths under perennial bioenergy grass from 2010 to 2014 in the southeastern USA. Treatments included unbalanced combinations of perennial bioenergy grass, energy cane （Saccharum spontaneum L.） or elephant grass （Pennisetum pur- pureum Schumazh.）, cover crop, crimson clover （Trifolium incarnatum L.）, and N fertilization rates （0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-l）. Cover crop biomass and C and N contents were greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha-1 than in the treatment of energy cane and elephant grass. The SOC and STN contents at 0-5 and 5-15 cm were 9%-20% greater in the treatments of elephant grass with cover crop and with or without 100 kg N ha-1 than in most of the other treatments. The soil NO3-N content at 0--5 cm was 31%-45% greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha-1 than in most of the other treatments. The SOC sequestration increased from 0.1 to 1.0 Mg C ha-1 year-1 and the STN sequestration from 0.03 to 0.11 Mg N ha-1 year-1 from 2010 to 2014 for various treatments and depths. In contrast, the soil NH4-N and NO3-N contents varied among treatments, depths, and years. Soil C and N storages can be enriched and residual NO3-N content can be reduced by using elephant grass with cover crop and with or without N fertilization at a moderate rate.

关键词： C and N storages C sequestration feedstock management practices N cycling nitrate soil organic matter

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New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

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Rice science 2015年第1期22卷 49-52页

作者： S.J.ARASAKESARY S.MANONMANI R.PUSHPAM S.ROBIN Regional agricultural research and Development Center Iranamadu Junction Paddy Breeding station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm ***-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines （TNAU18S and TNAU60S） had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 （36 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21044 （13 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21009 （26.5 g/plant）, TNAU60S/CB-09-106 （26.2 g/plant）, TNAU60S/IET21009 （14 g/plant） and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 （39.2 g/plant） showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.

关键词： temperature sensitive genic male sterile line outcrossing floral trait hybrid rice

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Molecular mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene in Chinese wheat cultivar Mianmai 41

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 295-304页

作者： REN Yong LI Sheng-rong WEI Yu-ming ZHOU Qiang DU Xiao-ying HE Yuan-jiang ZHENG You-liang Triticeae research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Mianyang Institute of agricultural Science/Mianyang Wheat Experimental station China Agriculture Research System(CARS)

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici（Pst）, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. Chinese wheat cultivar Mianmai 41 showed high resistance against most of the prevailing Pst races in China. Genetic analysis of the F1, F2 and F2：3 populations from a cross between Mianmai 41 and a susceptible line Mingxian 169 indicated that resistance to Pst race CYR32 was conferred by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr MY41. Molecular marker analysis placed the gene on chromosome 1B near the centromere. Six co-dominant genomic SSR markers Xwmc329, Xwmc406, Xgwm18, Xgwm131, Xgwm413, and Xbarc312, and one STS marker Xwe173 linked with the resistance gene. The two closest flanking SSR markers were Xgwm18 and Xwmc406, with genetic distances of 2.0 and 4.9 c M, respectively. A seedling test with 29 Pst isolates indicated the reaction patterns of Mianmai 41 were different from those of lines carrying Yr3, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr26, and Yr CH42 on chromosome 1B. Allelic tests indicated that Yr MY41 is likely a new allele at Yr26 locus.

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. yellow rust simple sequence repeat(SSR) marker sequence tagged site(STS) marker

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Hypoxia tolerance studies for yield,fiber and physiological traits in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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Journal of Cotton research 2018年第2期1卷 27-34页

作者： HUSSAIN Altaf FAROOQ Jehanzeb AHMAD Saghir MAHMOOD Abid SADIQ M.Attiq ZAFAR Ullah Zafar ATHAR Habib-Ur-Rehman Cotton research station Cotton research station Ayub Agricultural Research Station Cotton research Institute Ayub agricultural research Institute Institute of Pure and Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University

Background： Hypoxia tolerance studies in cotton are very rare in Pakistan. Unpredicted and excessive rainfalls result in severe losses to cotton crop in many regions of the country due to lack of hypoxia tolerance in current cotton varieties. The genotypes that can tolerate flooding are not reported earlier. The studies were conducted to explore hypoxia tolerance in local germplasm which will help to develop hypoxia tolerant cotton varieties. Method： An experiment with randomized complete different cotton varieties. The genotypes were given conditions. blocks was designed to study the hypoxia tolerance in two treatments i.e., water logged and non-water logged Results： The genotypes showed significant variability for yield, fiber and physiological traits. The hypoxia studies revealed that there is significant reduction for plant height in water sensitive genotype LRA-5166. The genotype MNH-786 showed better yield and MNH-556 showed superior ginning outturn percentage under water logged conditions. Staple length, strength and micronaire values also decreased under hypoxia. Similar pattern of negative effects were observed for Chlorophyll a, b contents and chl a/b ratio. Two hypoxia tolerant cultivars CIM-573 and MNH-564 had significantly higher chlorophyll a （1.664, 1.551） than other cultivars under both normal and waterlogged conditions. There was a significant decrease in total free amino acids in all genotypes/cultivars due to waterlogging. Free amino acid contents were significantly higher in two waterlogging sensitive cultivars, CEDIX and N-KRISHMA, than other cultivars under both non-waterlogged and waterlogged conditions. Waterlogging caused a significant reduction in shoot soluble proteins and increase in shoot proline. The genotype LRA-5166 was the highest in shoot soluble proteins content and showed significant decrease in shoot proline. Conclusions： With respect to yield MNH-786 showed better results and regarding ginning outturn percentage MNH-556 exhibite

关键词： Hypoxia Proline content Cotton Chlorophyll Physiology Tolerance

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Genotypic variation for seed protein and mineral content among post-rainy season-grown sorghum genotypes

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 61-67页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.Girish V.Ramachandran T.R.Ganapathi Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre agricultural research station University of Agriculture SciencesGulbarga

Sorghum is an important staple food crop of Asian and African *** a poor man s crop",it provides dietary starch,protein,and some vitamins and *** are important for various physiological functions in the human *** a major staple crop of central and southern Indian provinces,sorghum landraces are a source of supplementary *** of micronutrients and protein and yield parameters were studied using 112 local landraces and *** analysis revealed wide variation for iron(1.10-9.54 mg 100 g^(-1)),zinc(1.12-7.58 mg 100 g^(-1)),protein(3.50-12.60%),and grain yield(2.50-76.50 g) among the *** estimates of genetic/phenotypic coefficient of variation,and genetic advances over the mean were identified for landraces and *** heritabilities were also identified for yield and mineral *** estimates among the genotypes indicated that grain yield was positively correlated with copper and protein with copper and *** analysis based on Euclidean distance resolved all of the genotypes into three major *** wide range of values with high heritability estimates may favor the use of these landraces in recombination breeding to improve nutritional quality in sorghum.

关键词： Mineral content Post-rainy sorghum Genetic correlation Cluster analysis

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