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Effect of transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria from termite to rumen fluid of sheep on in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters, microbial populations and enzyme activity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1323-1331页

作者： Ayoub AZIZI Afrooz SHARIFI Hasan FAZAELI Arash AZARFAR Arjan JONKER Ali KIANI Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureLorestan UniversityKhorramabad ***Iran Animal Science Research Department Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAhvaz 613353341Iran Animal Science Research Institute AgricultureEducation and Extension OrganizationKaraj 315Iran Grasslands Research Centre AgResearch Ltd.Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

The digestive tract of termite(Microcerotermes diversus) contains a variety of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria with exocellulases enzyme activity, not found in the rumen, which could potentially improve fiber degradation in the rumen. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of inoculation of rumen fluid(RF) with three species of bacteria isolated from termite digestive tract, Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium, and Microbacterium paludicola, on in vitro gas production(IVGP), fermentation parameters, nutrient disappearance, microbial populations, and hydrolytic enzyme activities with fibrous wheat straw(WS) and date leaf(DL) as incubation substrate. Inoculation of RF with either of three termite bacteria increased(P0.05) on gas production characteristics, dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance, pH, and concentration and composition of volatile fatty acids. Population of proteolytic bacteria and protozoa, but not cellulolytic bacteria, were increased(P0.05). Overall, the results of this study indicated that transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, isolated from digestive tract of termite, to rumen liquid increased protozoa and proteolytic bacteria population and consequently increased protease activity and ammonia-N concentration in vitro, however, no effect on fermentation and fiber degradation parameters were detected. These results suggest that the termite bacteria might be rapidly lysed by the rumen microbes before beneficial effects on the rumen fermentation proc

关键词： enzyme activity gas production lignocellulose-degrading bacteria microbial population termite bacteria

Effects of endophyte infection on the competitive ability of Achnatherum sibiricum depend on endophyte species and nitrogen availability

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第5期12卷 815-824页

作者： Yong Zhou Xia Li Hui Liu Yubao Gao Wade J.Mace Stuart D.Card Anzhi Ren Department of Plant Biology and Ecology College of Life SciencesNankai University94 Weijin RoadTianjin 300071China College of Landscape and Travel Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Department of Plant Biology College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaoding 071001China agresearch ltd Grasslands Research CentrePrivate Bag 11008Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

Aims the leaves of almost all terrestrial plant species are colonized by endophytic *** to agronomic grasses,which usually harbor few endophytes,native grasses generally possess greater endophyte species *** studies examining endophyte effects on natural grasses under competition normally considered the infection status(infected or uninfected),and rarely considered endophyte *** We examined the effects of endophyte infection and of endophyte species on the interspecific competitive ability of a subdominant species,Achnatherum sibiricum,at two nitrogen levels(high ni-trogen and low nitrogen).Achnatherum sibiricum plants infected by two different species of endophyte(Epichloësibirica and ***)and uninfected plants were grown in monoculture and binary mixtures with a dominant species,Stipa grandis(six individuals per species for monocultures and three+three in-dividuals of each species in mixtures).Shoot and root biomass,tiller number and total phenolic concentration were measured after 3 ***,the aggressivity index was calculated to compare the competitive ability of *** relative to *** Findings Both ***(Eg)-and ***(Es)-infected *** plants showed a greater competitive ability than the uninfected plants under high nitrogen supply,while the opposite result oc-curred under low nitrogen *** high nitrogen levels,Eg plants had a higher tiller number and a greater shoot biomass in-hibitory effect on *** than Es plants had when growing in mixture,while Es plants showed better root growth performance than Eg and uninfected plants under mixture conditions at all ni-trogen levels.A higher concentration of phenolic compounds in Eg plants than in Es plants might contribute to the higher inhibi-tory effect of Eg plants on competing *** study indicates that the interaction between endophyte infection and nitrogen availability can alter the competitive ability o

关键词： Achnatherum sibiricum Epichloëendophytes interspecific competition native grass nutrient supply

Epichloë − a lifeline for temperate grasses under combined drought and insect pressure

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Grass Research 2021年第1期1卷 50-61页

作者： Katrin G.Hewitt Alison J.Popay Rainer W.Hofmann John R.Caradus agresearch ltd. Plant Invertebrate InteractionsRuakura Research CentrePrivate Bag 3123Hamilton 3240New Zealand Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceLincoln 7647New Zealand Grasslanz Technology ltd. Private Bag 11008Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

Fungal Epichloëendophytes form symbiotic associations with many temperate grasses,such as Lolium and Festuca,giving their host grasses an ecological *** importance of specific Epichloëendophytes in providing varying levels of protection against invertebrate pests has been well ***,but with fewer studies,the benefits of Epichloëto host grasses in drought events has been ***-infected grasses show an improved persistence against herbivore insect attack as well as resilience under ***,there are relatively few studies that investigate the interaction between drought and insect pressure,and yet it is these combined pressures that can prove detrimental for a ryegrass or fescue *** review examines the current state of knowledge on the effects of Epichloëon the interactions of insects and drought in temperate grasses.

关键词： drought temperate grass

Genetic regulation of conidiation in Trichoderma hamatum

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2004年第4期30卷 442-442页

作者： Johanna Steyaert Travis Glare Alison Stewart Margaret Carpenter Hayley Ridgway National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies PO Box 84 Lincoln University New ZealandAgResearch Ltd. PO Box 60 Lincoln New ZealandNational Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies PO Box 84 Lincoln University New ZealandNational Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies PO Box 84 Lincoln University New Zealand National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies PO Box 84 Lincoln University New Zealand

Achieving a balance between vegetative growth and spore production is essential for successful biocontrol by fungi. Low sporulation rates in the field can result in poor establishment and survival, whereas failure of conidia to recognise hosts can lead to persistence without efficacy. Commercial biocontrol products involve bulk preparations of conidia, however considerable variability in conidiation rates exists between biocontrol agents, which can restrict choice of strain for production. The majority of studies on Trichoderma conidiation have focused on the species T. viride and T. atroviride. These species form conidia in response to blue and near-UV light and/or nutrient deprivation and conidiation proceeds in a highly co-ordinated fashion, however relatively little is known on the genetic basis of Trichoderma conidiation. In addition, whilst photoconidiation appears to be a general response detailed studies in other Trichoderma species are absent. In this study, conidiation in the lesser known biocontrol species T. hamatum is being investigated using a combined morphological and molecular approach. In contrast to T. atroviride, conidiation in response to blue-light was weaker and variable and suggested that additional triggers may be required for the T. hamatum photoresponse. A series of comparative photoconidiation assays are currently being undertaken investigating the effect of inoculum type and abiotic factors on timing and intensity of the response. Results will be discussed in relation to the current knowledge on conidial morphogenesis in Trichoderma. In addition to these morphological assays, a selection of genes implicated in sporulation and the blue-light responses are currently being isolated and characterised from T. hamatum. Two genes, phr1 and cmp1, which were isolated previously from T. atroviride will be used as early and late markers of gene expression during the photoresponse in T. hamatum in order to define time points for harvesting comparabl

关键词：木霉属真菌遗传调节分生孢子形态发生

Genetic regulation of conidiation in Trichoderma hamatum

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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2004年第4期 92-92页

作者： Johanna Steyaert,Travis Glare,Alison Stewart,Margaret Carpenter,Hayley Ridgway PO Box 84 Lincoln University New Zealand National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies PO Box 84 Lincoln University New Zealand National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies PO Box 84 Lincoln University National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies New Zealand PO Box 84 Lincoln University New Zealand agresearch ltd. PO Box 60 Lincoln New Zealand National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies

关键词： conidiation gene regulation Trichoderma atroviride Trichoderma hamatum

不同施肥处理下小麦季潮土氨挥发损失及其影响因素研究

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农业环境科学学报 2016年第10期35卷 2011-2018页

作者：肖娇樊建凌叶桂萍刘德燕阎静 LUO Jia-fa HOULBROOKE David J 丁维新土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所) 南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049 恒天然(北京)牧场管理咨询有限公司北京100006 Land and Environment AgResearch

氨挥发是肥料氮素损失的重要途径之一,由于土壤类型、气候条件、肥料种类、用量和施用时间等因素不同而存在很大差异。试验采用间歇式密闭室通气法,对华北平原不同施肥处理(新鲜牛粪与尿素配施、堆腐牛粪与尿素配施和NPK单施)下,冬小麦... 详细信息

氨挥发是肥料氮素损失的重要途径之一,由于土壤类型、气候条件、肥料种类、用量和施用时间等因素不同而存在很大差异。试验采用间歇式密闭室通气法,对华北平原不同施肥处理(新鲜牛粪与尿素配施、堆腐牛粪与尿素配施和NPK单施)下,冬小麦生长季粘质潮土氨挥发及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:冬小麦季土壤氨挥发总量占肥料氮用量的1.23%~1.97%,主要来源于追肥,占整个小麦生长季氨挥发总量的80%左右。不同施肥处理强烈影响氨挥发强度,新鲜牛粪与尿素配施处理氨挥发损失量最高,氮素损失率为1.97%,显著高于堆腐牛粪与尿素配施和NPK单施。基肥期氨挥发速率与气温密切相关,追肥期土壤含水量和NH^+_4-N浓度是影响氨挥发的主控因子。

关键词：冬小麦新鲜牛粪堆腐牛粪氨挥发