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Impacts of the unsaturation degree of long-chain fatty acids on the volatile fatty acid profiles of rumen microbial fermentation in goats in vitro

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2827-2833页

作者： GAO Jian WANG Meng-zhi JING Yu-jia SUN Xue-zhao WU Tian-yi SHI Liang-feng College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Grasslands Research Centre AgResearch Ltd.

This study investigated the impacts of the degree of unsaturation （unsaturity） of long-chain fatty acids on volatile fatty acid （VFA） profiles of rumen fermentation in vitro. Six types of long-chain fatty acids, including stearic acid （C18：0, control group）, oleic acid （C18：1, n-9）, linoleic acid （C18：2, n-6）, a-linolenic acid （C18：3, n-3）, arachidonic acid （C20：4, n-6） and eicosapentaenoic acid （C20：5, n-3）, were tested. Rumen fluid from three goats fitted with ruminal fistulae was used as inoculum and the inclusion rate of long-chain fatty acid was at 3% （w/w） of substrate. Samples were taken for VFA analysis at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. The analysis showed that there were significant differences in the total VFA among treatments, sampling time points, and treatment×time point interactions （P〈0.01）. a-Linolenic acid had the highest total VFA （P〈0.01） among different long-chain fatty acids tested. The molar proportion of acetate in total VFA significantly differed among treatments （P〈0.01） and sampling time points （P〈0.01）, but not treatment×time point interactions （P〉0.05）. In contrast, the molar proportion of propionate did not differ among treatments during the whole incubation （P〉0.05）. However, for butyrate molar proportions, significant differences were found not only among sampling time points but also among treatments and treatment×time point interactions （P〈0.01）, with eicosapentaenoic acid having the highest value （P〈0.01）. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found in the acetate to propionate ratios among treatments groups （P〉0.05）, even the treatments stearic acid and a-linolenic acid were numerically higher than the others. The inclusion of 3% long-chain unsaturated fatty acids differing in the degree of unsaturation brought out a significant quadratic regression relation between the total VFA concentration and the double bond number of fatty acid. In conclusion, the a-linolenic acid with 3 double bonds appeared better for improving rumen microb

关键词： volatile fatty acid unsaturation degree long-chain fatty acid in vitro fermentation

Enabling affordances of blockchain in agri-food supply chains:A value-driver framework using Q-methodology

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2023年第4期7卷 325-343页

作者： Pouyan Jahanbin Stephen C.Wingreen Ravishankar Sharma Behrang Ijadi Marlon M.Reis College of Business University of CanterburyChristchurch8140New Zealand College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Agresearch Ltd Lincoln7674New Zealand

The application of blockchain beyond cryptocurrencies has received increasing attention from industry and scholars alike.Given predicted looming food crises,some of the most impactful deployments of blockchains are likely to concern food supply chains.This study outlined how blockchain adoption can result in positive affordances in the food supply chain.Using Q-methodology,this study explored the current status of the agri-food supply chain and how blockchain technology could be useful in addressing existing challenges.This theorization leads to the proposition of the 3TIC value-driver framework for determining the enabling affordances of blockchain that would increase shared value for stakeholders.First,we propose a framework based on the most promising features of blockchain technology to overcome current challenges in the agri-food industry.Our value-driver framework is driven by the Q-study findings of respondents closely associated with the agri-food supply chain.This framework can provide supply chain stakeholders with a clear perception of blockchain affordances and serve as a guideline for utilizing appropriate features of technology that match organizations’capabilities,core competencies,goals,and limitations.Therefore,it could assist top-level decision-makers in systematically evaluating parts of the organization to focus on and improve the infrastructure for successful blockchain implementation along the agri-food supply chain.We conclude by noting certain significant challenges that must be carefully addressed to successfully adopt blockchain technology.

关键词： Blockchain technology Agricultural food supply chain Q-methodology Trustworthy platform

Enabling Breeding Selection for Biomass in Slash Pine Using UAV-Based Imaging

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Plant Phenomics 2022年第1期4卷 310-323页

作者： Zhaoying Song Federico Tomasetto Xiaoyun Niu Wei Qi Yan Jingmin Jiang Yanjie Li Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryNo.73Daqiao RoadFuyangHangzhou311400 Zhejiang ProvinceChina College of Landscape and Travel Agricultural University of HebeiBaodingChina Agresearch Ltd. Christchurch 8140New Zealand Auckland University of Technology Auckland 1010New Zealand

Traditional methods used to monitor the aboveground biomass(AGB)and belowground biomass(BGB)of slash pine(Pinus elliottii)rely on on-ground measurements,which are time-and cost-consuming and suited only for small spatial scales.In this paper,we successfully applied unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)integrated with structure from motion(UAV-SfM)data to estimate the tree height,crown area(CA),AGB,and BGB of slash pine for in slash pine breeding plantations sites.

关键词： pine breeding Biomass

Optimized production of transgenic buffalo embryos and offspring by cytoplasmic zygote injection

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 395-401页

作者： Fanli Meng Hui Li Xiaoli Wang Guangsheng Qin Bj?rn Oback Deshun Shi Animal Reproduction Institute State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresourcesGuangxi University Agresearch Ltd. Ruakura Research CentreReproductive Technologies

Background： Cytoplasmic injection of exogenous DNA into zygotes is a promising technique to generate transgenic livestock. However, it is still relatively inefficient and has not yet been demonstrated to work in buffalo. We sought to improve two key technical parameters of the procedure, namely i） how much linear DNA to inject and ii） when to inject it. For this, we introduced a constitutively expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） plasmid into buffalo zygotes. Results： First, we found that the proportion of EGFP-expressing blastocysts derived from zygotes injected with 20 or 50 ng/pL DNA was significantly higher than from those injected with 5 pg/mL. However, 50 ng/pL exogenous DNA compromised blastocyst development compared to non-injected IVF controls. Therefore the highest net yield of EGFP-positive blastocysts was achieved at 20 ng/pL DNA. Second, zygotes injected early （7-8 h post-insemination [hpi]） developed better than those injected at mid （12-13 hpi） or late （18-19 hpi） time points. Blastocysts derived from early injections were also more frequently EGFP-positive. As a consequence, the net yield of EGFP-expressing blastocysts was more than doubled using early vs late injections （16.4 % vs 7.7 %）. With respect to blastocyst quality, we found no significant difference in cell numbers of EGFP-positive blastocysts vs non-injected blastocysts. Following embryo transfer of six EGFP-positive blastocysts into four recipient animals, two viable buffalo calves were born. Biopsied ear tissues from both buffalo calves were analyzed for transgene presence and expression by Southern blot, PCR and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. This confirmed that both calves were transgenic. Conclusions： Our cytoplasmic injection protocol improved generation of transgenic embryos and resulted in the first transgenic buffalo calves produced by this method.

关键词： Buffalo Cytoplasmic injection Plasmid Transgenic Zygote

A Novel Feature-based Method for Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Product Reviews

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China Communications 2014年第3期11卷 154-164页

作者： LIU Lizhen SONG Wei WANG Hanshi LI Chuchu LU Jingli Information and Engineering College Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China Agresearch Ltd New Zealand

Sentiment analysis of online reviews and other user generated content is an important research problem for its wide range of applications.In this paper,we propose a feature-based vector model and a novel weighting algorithm for sentiment analysis of Chinese product reviews.Specifically,an opinionated document is modeled by a set of feature-based vectors and corresponding weights.Different from previous work,our model considers modifying relationships between words and contains rich sentiment strength descriptions which are represented by adverbs of degree and punctuations.Dependency parsing is applied to construct the feature vectors.A novel feature weighting algorithm is proposed for supervised sentiment classification based on rich sentiment strength related information.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with a state of the art method using term level weighting algorithms.

关键词：基于特征情感评论商品中国加权算法向量模型特征向量

ExtSpecR:An R Package and Tool for Extracting Tree Spectra from UAV-Based Remote Sensing

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第4期5卷 893-904页

作者： Zhuo Liu Mahmoud AI-Sarayreh Cong Xu Federico Tomasetto Yanjie Li State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of Subtropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryHangzhouZhejiang 311400China Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province Research Institute of Subtropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryHangzhouZhejiang 311400China Department of Computer Engineering German Jordanian UniversityAmman 11180Jordan School of Forestry University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand Agresearch Ltd. Christchurch 8140New Zealand

The development of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing has been increasingly applied in forestry for high-throughput and rapid acquisition of tree phenomics traits for various research areas.However,the detection of individual trees and the extraction of their spectral data remain a challenge,often requiring manual annotation.Although several software-based solutions have been developed,they are far from being widely adopted.This paper presents ExtSpecR,an open-source tool for spectral extraction of a single tree in forestry with an easy-to-use interactive web application.ExtSpecR reduces the time required for single tree detection and annotation and simplifies the entire process of spectral and spatial feature extraction from UAV-based imagery.In addition,ExtSpecR provides several functionalities with interactive dashboards that allow users to maximize the quality of information extracted from UAV data.ExtSpecR can promote the practical use of UAV remote sensing data among forest ecology and tree breeding researchers and help them to further understand the relationships between tree growth and its physiological traits.

关键词： interactive Remote Tool

The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 171-188页

作者： Linda J.Johnson Anouck C.M.de Bonth Lyn R.Briggs John R.Caradus Sarah C.Finch Damien J.Fleetwood Lester R.Fletcher David E.Hume Richard D.Johnson Alison J.Popay Brian A.Tapper Wayne R.Simpson Christine R.Voisey Stuart D.Card Agresearch Ltd Grasslands Research CentreTennent DrivePalmerston North 4442New Zealand Agresearch Ltd Ruakura Research CentreEast StreetHamilton 3214New Zealand Agresearch Ltd Lincoln Research CentreCorner Springs Road and Gerald StreetLincoln 8140New Zealand agresearch Laboratory of Structural Biology School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Auckland3a Symonds StreetAuckland 1142New Zealand Grasslanz Technology ltd Tennent DrivePalmerston North 4474New Zealand

Epichloae endophytes of family Clavicipitaceae(comprising genera Epichloëand Neotyphodium)are fungal symbionts of Pooideae grasses.The associations formed,range from mutually beneficial to antagonistic and the nature of this relationship is dependent upon the importance of vertical(via host seeds)versus horizontal(ascospore mediated)transmission of the fungus.These endophytes can enhance their hosts’survival through protection from abiotic and biotic stresses and can thus be utilized in an agricultural context.Animal-safe grass-endophyte associations that confer bio-protective properties for increased pasture persistence and productivity have been developed and commercialized.One of the crucial drivers underpinning the selection of epichloae strains for commercial development is endophyte derived bioactivity.The potential of next generation endophytes is determined by testing a number of attributes such as agronomic fitness,animal and food safety as well as compatibility with host plants of interest.Strategic research supports these activities by focusing on elucidating mechanisms of compatibility between host and fungal symbiont,as well as investigating other molecular drivers of symbiosis such as siderophore mediated iron-uptake,fungal signalling,fungal growth in host plants and fungal secondary metabolism.This review weaves together the different strands of multidisciplinary research aimed at ultimately exploiting epichloae endophytes for increased pasture performance.

关键词： Epichloë Neotyphodium Pooideae Symbiosis Secondary metabolite Toxicology

Identification of diapause-associated proteins in migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L.(Orthoptera: Acridoidea) by label-free quantification analysis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第11期18卷 2579-2588页

作者： CUI Dong-nan TU Xiong-bing HAO Kun Aftab Raza CHEN Jun Mark McNeill ZHANG Ze-hua State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Agresearch Ltd. Christchurch 8140New Zealand

Maternal photoperiodic response is a key factor that affects offspring diapause in migratory locust,Locusta migratoria L.(Orthoptera:Acridoidea).Although many aspects of insect diapause have been studied,little is known about the molecular mechanisms of maternal photoperiodic response that influence diapause regulation.To gain insight into the possible mechanisms of maternal photoperiod influence on diapause regulation,proteomics data by label-free quantification analysis were generated from non-diapause and diapause eggs.A total of 175 proteins were differentially expressed between diapause and non-diapause eggs.Among them,24 proteins were upregulated,and 151 proteins were downregulated.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichments were performed on all differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)and showed that peroxisome,insect hormone biosynthesis,and longevity regulating pathway may be related to diapause of migratory locust.Furthermore,we used qRT-PCR to verify some results of the proteomic analysis.Proteins such as hexamerin-like protein 4,juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1(JHEH1),cytochrome P450 and heat shock protein(HSP)20.7 were predicted to be involved in diapause.This study provides an important reference for future research that will explore the mechanisms of diapause induced by maternal effects in migratory locust.

关键词： diapause proteome maternal effect molecular mechanism

Improving antioxidant activities of water-soluble lignin-carbohydrate complex isolated from wheat stalk through prolonging ball-milling pretreatment and homogeneous extraction

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 113-125页

作者： Di Xie Zhulan Liu Yunfeng Cao Sheng-I Yang Chen Su Mi Li Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Center for Renewable Carbon School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Shandong Huatai Paper Co. Ltd.Dongying 257000China School of Natural Resources University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest ProductsChinese Academy of ForestryJiangsu ProvinceNanjing 210042China

Water-soluble lignin-carbohydrate complex(LCC)rich in polysaccharides exhibits benign in vitro antioxidant activities and distinguishes high biocompatibility from lignin-rich LCC and lignin.However,the antioxidant activity of water-soluble LCCs remains to be improved and its structure-antioxidant relationship is still uncertain.Herein,structurally diversified water-soluble LCCs were isolated under different ball-milling pretreatment durations(4,6,8 h),extraction pathways(ho-mogeneous and heterogeneous),and isolation routines(water extracts and residues after water extraction).Their structures were characterized by wet chemistry,chromatography and spec-troscopies.Antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals scavenging rate(RDPPH).Results show that altering ball-milling duration and isolation procedures cause varied structures and antioxidant activities of the water-soluble LCCs.Specifically,prolonging ball-milling duration to 8 hours and homogeneous extrac-tion can enhance their antioxidant activity through releasing more phenolic structures and pro-moting the extraction of high-molecular-weight LCCs via reducing mass-transfer resistance,re-spectively.As a result,the RDPPH of water-soluble LCCs reaches up to 97.35%,which is associated with the arabinan content with statistical significance(P<0.05).This study provides new insights into the structure-antioxidation relationship of herbaceous LCC as potential antioxidants.

关键词： LCC Homogeneous extraction Ball-milling Structure-antioxidation relationship Wheat straw