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Productive Response and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows Subjected to Different Feeding Systems

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第1期10卷 10-32页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Martín Guillermo Maciel Gustavo Bretschneider Alejandra Cuatrin Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Rafaela Argentina agencia de extensión rural necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Necochea Argentina Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce Argentina

Fifty Holstein cows (2.6 ± 1.0 lactations) in early lactation (52.6 ± 16.4 days in milk) calved in autumn and producing 34.3 (±4.4) kg milk per cow·day-1 were randomly assigned for 27 weeks to one of two treatments (feeding systems) in 10 groups (pens) of 5 animals each (5 groups/treatment). The confined treatment was a total mixed ration (TMR_100) whereas the supplemented grazing system was defined by a partially mixed ration (PMR_75) with 75% TMR and 25% oat pasture (Avena sativa L.) during the autum-winter (Period I) and alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa L.) plus concentrate (7.0 kg per cow·day-1) (P + C) during the next spring (Period II). Milk production was daily and individually recorded throughout the trial while the chemical composition of milk was measured on individual samples every 2 weeks. Live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) using a scale of 1 to 5 were recorded every 3 weeks after the morning milking. Simultaneously, blood samples were taken for determinations of glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (nEFA), insulin, somatotrophin (GH) and somatomedin C (IGF-I). Total DM intake was measured using the difference method four times per repetition in the months of July, August, September and October. The experimental herd was inseminated at fixed time at the start of the service (May-July) and on the return with estrus detection. The diagnosis of pregnancy was made by transrectal ultrasonography at 30 and 60 days after the start of the service. The productive data were analyzed according to a model with repeated observations in time adjusted by covariate with 2 periods and using the animal as the experimental unit. Data of DM intake were analyzed using AnOVA for 2 treatments with 5 repetitions. Cows from the TMR_100 group produced more milk (kg·cow-1·day-1) during Period I (33.7 vs. 32.3) and Period II (28.8 vs. 27.8) (P ·cow-1·day-1) in Periods I (1.33 vs. 1.24) and II (1.10 vs. 0.92) and for milk protein (1.19 vs. 1.13

关键词： Milk Yield Reproduction Dairy Cow Feeding Systems

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Productive Response of Dairy Cows Fed with Different Levels of Totally Mixed Ration and Pasture

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 824-851页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Gustavo Bretschneider Alejandra Cuatrin Adriana María descalzo Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Rafaela Argentina agencia de extensión rural necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Necochea Argentina Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos(ITA) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar Argentina

Forty multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (66 ± 19 days) were assigned to one of four treatments that consisted in different ratios of total mixed rations (TMR) and pasture at 100% TMR (T0), 75:25 (T1) 50:50 (T2) and 25:75 (T3) over 9 weeks in autumn-winter. Measures of rumen parameters and digestion were performed on 4 additional Holstein cows in late lactation (287 days postpartum) fitted with permanent ruminal fistulae and producing 22.6 (±5.4) kg milk in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. In T1 to T3 cows were taken to the grazing plot once they finished the pre-planned TMR intake and pasture was offered at 2 times the expected forage DM intake. Milk was analyzed for chemical composition, milk fatty acid (FA) profile and antioxidant compounds. The cows were individually weighed and body condition score (BCS) was determined. After the morning milking, blood samples were taken every 2 weeks and plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (nEFA), insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). Herbage mass in pre grazing strips of pasture averaged 2540 ± 343 kg DM/ha. As TMR intake increased, production variables increased linearly excepting milk fat (3.88 g/100g) and milk protein (3.43 g/100g) contents that were not affected. Milk yield (kg/cow/d) resulted maximal in T0 (34.2) and linearly decreased (p 3-n concentration resulted higher in treatments with higher proportion of pasture. Kinetic parameters of DM and nDF digestion from pasture or corn silage were not affected. Milk FA profile and milk antioxidant quality showed unfavorably changes as TMR increased by a decrease in rumenic and linolenic acids and content of antioxidant vitamins, without effect on the atherogenicity index. Results suggested a depressing effect of the pasture on total DM and energy intake probably explained by qualitative deficiencies chemical composition of the forage and/or factors that affect animal behavior that may induce losses in body c

关键词： Dairy Cow Milk Production Partial Mixed Rations

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Effects of Supplementation with Increasing Levels of Energy Concentrate on the Productive Response and Ruminal Digestion of Dairy Cows Grazing Lucerne Pasture

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第11期9卷 1487-1505页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Gustavo Bretschneider Alejandra Cuatrin Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Rafaela Argentina agencia de extensión rural necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Necochea Argentin Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce Argentina

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of three levels of energy concentrate intake on dry matter (DM) and energy intake, milk yield and composition, rumen environment and pasture neutral detergent fiber (nDF) digestion. Twelve Holstein multiparous cows in early lactation (69.0 ± 5 days postpartum) producing 32.8 (±4.0) kg milk were assigned to three treatments at (kg/cow day) 3.5 (T3.5), 7.0 (T7.0) and 10.5 (T10.5) kg concentrate in a 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Parameters of ruminal environment and neutral detergent fiber (nDF) digestion were obtained using 3 additional rumen cannulated cows. Concentrate was composed (as fed) by corn grain (68%), soybean meal (22%), wheat bran (8%) and a vitamin-mineral premix including monensin and thoroughly consumed. Yields (kg/cow day-1) of milk, 4% fat corrected milk (4% FCM 4%) and energy corrected milk (ECM) resulted higher (p p -1 without effects on yield of milk fat. Concentrations (g/100 g) of milk fat (3.19), protein (2.97), total solids (11.75), non-fat solids (8.60) and casein (2.40) did not differ. Milk lactose content (g/100 g) was linearly increased (p p p p p n T3.5 due to the increase in acetate and butyrate while the acetate: Propionate ratio remained unchanged. Pasture nDF digestion was affected as concentrate intake increased. To increase milk protein yield and reduce concentrations of n-nH3 in rumen and milk, feeding an energy concentrate at 41% of total DM intake resulted an effective tool.

关键词： Dairy Cows Concentrate Milk Yield Ruminal Digestion

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Milk Yield and Composition and Pasture Ruminal Digestion in Grazing Dairy Cows Receiving Three Levels of Energy Concentrate Supplementation

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 1135-1156页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Gustavo Bretschneider Alejandra Cuatrin Adriana María descalzo Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Rafaela Argentina agencia de extensión rural necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Necochea Argentina LABInTEX-EUROPA-InTAPersyst UMR QUALISUD-Batiment 16-Bureau 340 Montpellier France Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Balcarce Argentina

The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding three levels (T3.5, T7.0 and T10.5) of energy concentrate (3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 kg cow-1 day-1) on total dry matter (DM) and energy intakes, milk yield and composition, nutritional value of milk and rumen pasture neutral detergent fiber (nDF) digestion in grazing dairy cows. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (70.2 ± 13 days postpartum) producing 37.1 (±4.7) kg of milk were assigned to a 3 treatments (7 cows/treatment) × 3 periods Latin square design. Parameters of ruminal environment and pasture nDF degradation were obtained using 3 additional cows of the same breed fitted with rumen cannulae. On a wet basis, concentrate was composed by corn grain (68%), soybean meal (22%), wheat bran (8%) and a vitamin-mineral nucleus with monensin. Pasture (Medicago sativa, sp) was used in a rotational grazing system with an herbage allowance of 30 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Yield (kg cow-1 d-1) of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) resulted higher (p n T7.0 (29.0) compared to T3.5 (26.8) but similar to T10.5 (30.2). Milk and protein yields were linearly increased (p ncentrate intake. Milk fat (3.13 g/100g) and total solid contents (11.79 g/100g) did not differ whereas milk protein (p nd casein (p ncreased linearly from 3.05 to 3.10 (protein) and from 2.42 to 2.47 (casein). Pasture intake decreased but total DM and energy consumption were enhanced showing addition effects after concentrate feeding. Body weight (BW) loss and plasmatic levels of non esterified fatty acids (nEFA) decreased with concentrate intake. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were higher (p n T10.5 while those of glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, insulin and somatotrophin were not affected. Ruminal pH and acetate concentration resulted lower (p n T10.5 when compared to T3.5. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased (p n T3.5 to 3

关键词： Grazing Dairy Cows Milk Yield Concentrate Supplementation Rumen Digestion

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