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Understanding the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Magnesium composites – a critical review

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 890-939页

作者： Prithivirajan Sekar S.K.Panigrahi Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India Applied Magnesium Research center Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing for Futuristic MobilityIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India

Realising the potential of Magnesium(Mg),several globally leading ventures have invested in the Mg industry,but their relatively poor corrosion resistance is a never ending saga till *** corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg has gained research attention and still remains a hot topic in the application of automobile,aerospace and biomedical *** intrinsic high electrochemical nature of Mg limits their utilization in diverse *** scenario has prompted the development of Mg composites with an aim to achieve superior corrosion and bio-corrosion *** present review enlightens the influence of grain size(GS),secondary phase,texture,type of matrix and reinforcement on the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg ***,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites manufactured by primary and secondary processing routes are ***,the comprehensive corrosion and bio-corrosion mechanisms of these Mg composites are ***,the individual role of GS,texture and corrosive medium on corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are clarified and *** challenges encountered,unanswered issues in this field are explained in detail and accordingly the scope for future research is *** review is presented from basic concrete background to advanced corrosion mechanisms with an aim of creating interest among the readers like students,researchers and industry experts from various research ***,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are critically reviewed for the first time to:(i)contribute to the body of knowledge,(ii)foster research and development,(iii)make breakthrough,and(iv)create life changing innovations in the field of Mg composite corrosion.

关键词： Corrosion Bio corrosion Magnesium alloys Magnesium composites Magnesium implants.

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Deep Learning Based Efficient Crowd Counting System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4001-4020页

作者： Waleed Khalid Al-Ghanem Emad Ul Haq Qazi Muhammad Hamza Faheem Syed Shah Amanullah Quadri Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Centre of excellence in Cybercrime and Digital Forensics Naif Arab University for Security SciencesRiyadh14812Saudi Arabia center of excellence for Information Assurance(COEIA) King Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia

Estimation of crowd count is becoming crucial nowadays,as it can help in security surveillance,crowd monitoring,and management for different *** is challenging to determine the approximate crowd size from an image of the crowd’s *** in this research study,we proposed a multi-headed convolutional neural network architecture-based model for crowd counting,where we divided our proposed model into two main components:(i)the convolutional neural network,which extracts the feature across the whole image that is given to it as an input,and(ii)the multi-headed layers,which make it easier to evaluate density maps to estimate the number of people in the input image and determine their number in the *** employed the available public benchmark crowd-counting datasets UCF CC 50 and ShanghaiTech parts A and B for model training and testing to validate the model’s *** analyze the results,we used two metrics Mean Absolute Error(MAE)and Mean Square Error(MSE),and compared the results of the proposed systems with the state-of-art models of crowd *** results show the superiority of the proposed system.

关键词： Crowd counting EfficientNet multi-head attention convolutional neural network transfer learning

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Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 57-73页

作者： Amit Kumar Singh Krishna Pramanik Amit Biswas Centre of excellence in Tissue Engineering Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyRourkela 769008India

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering *** present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue *** experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and *** resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)*** studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural *** scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue *** tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of *** enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue *** vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold *** addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its pote

关键词： Scaffold Biomaterial Sodium alginate Chitosan Gelatin 3D printing Tissue engineering

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Palladium(Ⅱ)-Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydroalkynylation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第1期42卷 29-34页

作者： Chuanqi Hou Pinhong Chen Guosheng Liu Sstate Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical SynthesisCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Chang-Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

Alkynes are versatile synthons in organic synthesis,as well as important structural moieties in bioactive ***,transition metal-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of alkenes has been developed with reactive alkenes and alkenes bearing directing ***,the regioselective hydroalkynylation of simple alkenes is still ***,we have developed a palladium-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroalkynylation of unactivated terminal alkenes,which provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of branched alkynyl compounds under mild *** reaction features excellent functional group tolerance,good reaction yields and excellent ***,the asymmetric hydroalkynylation reaction has also been achieved with moderate enantioselectivity by introducing a sterically bulky chiral Pyox ligand.

关键词： Palladium catalysis Alkynylpalladation Unactivated terminal alkenes Markovnikov hydroalkynylation

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Natural Products and Antiviral Resistance

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第7期14卷 366-388页

作者： Erute Magdalene Adongbede Janak Raj Khatiwada Rishipal Rastrapal Bansode Leonard Lamont Williams Department of Botany University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria center for excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies North Carolina A & T State University Kannapolis North Carolina USA

Viral diseases are minacious with the potential for causing pandemics and treatment is complicated because of their inherent ability to mutate and become resistant to drugs. Antiviral drug resistance is a persistent problem that needs continuous attention by scientists, medical professionals, and government agencies. To solve the problem, an in-depth understanding of the intricate interplay between causes of antiviral drug resistance and potential new drugs specifically natural products is imperative in the interest and safety of public health. This review delves into natural product as reservoir for antiviral agents with the peculiar potentials for addressing the complexities associated with multi-drug resistant and emerging viral strains. An evaluation of the mechanisms underlying antiviral drug activity, antiviral drug resistance is addressed, with emphasis on production of broad-spectrum antiviral agents from natural sources. There is a need for continued natural product-based research, identification of new species and novel compounds.

关键词： Drug Resistance Resistance Mechanisms phytochemicals Broad-Spectrum Drugs Antiviral Agents

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Rapid and chemoselective imidation of sulfides in aqueous buffer enabled by a novel guanidine-derived N-O reagent

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1929-1934页

作者： Hanzheng Li Long Xu Jiajia Dong Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China Institute of Translational Medicine National Facility for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced StudyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai200232China

Herein we report the facile synthesis of a series of novel N-O reagents and identify N′-di-Boc-N′′-[(mesitylsulfonyl)oxy]-guanidine as an efficient imidating *** reagent is synthetically scalable and bench-stable,yet it shows unprecedented reactivity and chemoselectivity towards S(ii)in buffer/hexafluoroisopropanol(HFIP)system,to generate a new class of Nguanyl *** transformation of N-guanyl sulfilimines to N-guanyl sulfoximines provides us a chance to investigate these rarely reached compounds,which are shown to be versatile precursors to a variety of N-heterocyclic and *** work provides an addition to the tool box of both sulfur imidation and guanidine synthesis,especially for the need of rapid and selective modifications of sulfur(ii)center under biocompatible conditions.

关键词： sulfur imidation N-O reagent

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Scavenging and release of REE and HFSE by Na-metasomatism in magmatic-hydrothermal systems

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 315-323页

作者： Wu-Bin Yang He-Cai Niu Ning-Bo Li Pete Hollings Shannon Zurevinski Roger H.Mitchell Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS center for excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China Department of Geology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayON P7B 5E1Canada

Exploitable or potentially exploitable deposits of critical metals,such as rare-earth(REE)and high-field-strength elements(HFSE),are commonly associated with alkaline or peralkaline igneous ***,the origin,transport and concentration of these metals in peralkaline systems remains poorly *** study presents the results of a mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Na-metasomatism of alkali amphiboles and clinopyroxenes from a barren peralkaline granite pluton in NE China,to assess the remobilization and redistribution of REE and HFSE during magmatic-hydrothermal *** amphiboles and aegirine-augites from the peralkaline granites show evolutionary trends from sodic-calcic to sodic compositions,with increasing REE and HFSE concentrations as a function of increasing Na-index[Na^(#),defined as molar Na/(Na+Ca)ratios].The Na-amphiboles(i.e.,arfvedsonite)and aegirine-augites can be subsequently altered,or breakdown,to form hydrothermal aegirine during late-or post-magmatic *** compositions analyzed by insitu LA-ICPMS show that the primary aegirine-augites have high and variable REE(2194-3627 ppm)and HFSE(4194-16,862 ppm)contents,suggesting that these critical metals can be scavenged by alkali amphiboles and *** to the primary aegirine-augites,the presentative early replacement aegirine(Aeg-I,Na^(#)=0.91-0.94)has notably lower REE(1484-1972)and HFSE(4351-5621)*** contrast,the late hydrothermal aegirine(Aeg-ii,Na^(#)=0.92-0.96)has significantly lower REE(317-456 ppm)and HFSE(6.44-72.2 ppm)*** that the increasing Na^(#)from aegirine-augites to hydrothermal aegirines likely resulted from Na-metasomatism,a scavenging-release model can explain the remobilization of REE and HFSE in peralkaline granitic *** scavenging and release of REE and HFSE by Na-metasomatism provides key insights into the genesis of globally significant REE and HFSE *** high Na-index of th

关键词： Critical metals Alkali amphiboles Na-metasomatism REE and HFSE Na-index(Na^(#))

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Nonstoichiometric In-S group yielding efficient carrier transfer pathway in In_(2)S_(3) photoanode for solar water oxidation

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SusMat 2024年第1期4卷 154-165页

作者： Runyu Chen Linxing Meng Changda Wang Weiwei Xu Yulong Huang Li Song Liang Li School of Physical Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials&PhysicsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R.China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R.China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP.R.China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Changshu Institute of TechnologyChangshuJiangsuP.R.China

The construction of high-efficiency photoanodes is essential for developing outstanding photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting ***,insufficient carrier transport capabilities and sluggish surface water oxidation kinetics limit its *** a solvothermal annealing strategy,we prepared a nonstoichiometric In-S(NS)group on the surface of an In_(2)S_(3) photoanode in situ and unexpectedly formed a type ii transfer path of carrier,thereby reducing the interfacial recombination and promoting the bulk *** calculations and comprehensive characterizations demonstrated NS group as an excellent oxygen evolution cocatalyst(OEC)that effectively facilitated carrier transport,lowered the surface overpotential,increased the surface active site,and accelerated the surface oxygen evolution reaction kinetics by precisely altering the rate-determining steps of*to*OH and*O to**** synergistic effects remarkably enhanced the PEC performance,with a high photocurrent density of 5.02 mA cm^(−2)at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and a negative shift in the onset potential by 310 *** work provides a new strategy for the in situ preparation of high-efficiency OECs and provides ideas for constructing excellent carrier transfer and transport channels.

关键词： In_(2)S_(3) photoanode water splitting

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Fully umbilical cord-derived adhesive materials enable to recruit and segregate immune cells for the reversal of acute liver failure

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 70-79页

作者： Xiao Yi Feng Chen Kunjie Gao Huayan Li Yuan Xie Shao Li Jiajun Zhang Qing Peng Weijie Zhou Shutao Wang Jun-Bing Fan Yi Gao Research Centre for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering&Institute of Regenerative Medicine Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery ii Zhujiang Hospital Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province 510515P R China Department of Gynecology Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515P R China CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P R China Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Hernia Surgery The First People’s Hospital of ZhaoqingZhaoqingGuangdong 526000P R China Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515P R China

Inflammatory cytokine storms can trigger disease exacerbation and even death and have reached a consensus in the clinical treatment of acute organ ***,the existing strategies remain a great challenge to efficiently suppress inflammatory cytokine storms for promoting organ repair and ***,fully human umbilical cord(UC)-derived adhesive materials(UCAM)that integrate decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM)nanofiber hydrogel and homologous mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are demonstrated to greatly suppress inflammatory cytokine storms,demonstrating high efficacy in treating acute liver failure(ALF)in rats with 90%*** UC-derived adhesive materials have the capacity to secrete a significant quantity of cytokines by MSCs to recruit activated immune cells to migrate into their ECM nanofiber networks,segregating them away from the infection area and thereby greatly suppressing the inflammatory cytokine *** expected,the UC-derived adhesive materials can significantly promote hepatocyte proliferation to achieve functional recovery and regeneration of the liver,significantly improving the survival rate in *** fully human UC-derived adhesive materials provide a new avenue in suppressing inflammatory cytokine storms for promoting organ regeneration that would be really utility in clinical organ transplantation-related treatment.

关键词： Interfacial adhesive materials Extracellular matrix nanofibers Hydrogel Mesenchymal stem cells Acute liver failure

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TabHLH27 orchestrates root growth and drought tolerance to enhance water use efficiency in wheat

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第7期66卷 1295-1312页

作者： Dongzhi Wang Xiuxiu Zhang Yuan Cao Aamana Batool Yongxin Xu Yunzhou Qiao Yongpeng Li Hao Wang Xuelei Lin Xiaomin Bie Xiansheng Zhang Ruilian Jing Baodi Dong Yiping Tong Wan Teng Xigang Liu Jun Xiao Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050022China Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell BiologyHebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental AdaptationHebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Centre of excellence for Plant and Microbial Science(CEPAMS) JIC‐CASBeijing 100101China

Cultivating high-yield wheat under limited water resources is crucial for sustainable agriculture in semiarid *** water scarcity,plants activate drought response signaling,yet the delicate balance between drought tolerance and development remains *** genome-wide association studies and transcriptome profiling,we identified a wheat atypical basic helix-loop-helix(b HLH)transcription factor(TF),Tab HLH27-A1,as a promising quantitative trait locus candidate for both relative root dry weight and spikelet number per spike in *** HLH27-A1/B1/D1 knockout reduced wheat drought tolerance,yield,and water use efficiency(WUE).Tab HLH27-A1 exhibited rapid induction with polyethylene glycol(PEG)treatment,gradually declining over *** activated stress response genes such as Ta CBL8-B1 and Ta CPI2-A1 while inhibiting root growth genes like Ta SH15-B1 and Ta WRKY70-B1 under short-term PEG *** distinct transcriptional regulation of Tab HLH27-A1 involved diverse interacting factors such as Ta ABI3-D1 and Tab *** variations of Tab HLH27-A1influence its transcriptional responses to drought stress,with Tab HLH27-A1^(Hap-ii)associated with stronger drought tolerance,larger root system,more spikelets,and higher WUE in ***,the excellent Tab HLH27-A1^(Hap-ii)was selected during the breeding process in China,and introgression of Tab HLH27-A1^(Hap-ii)allele improved drought tolerance and grain yield,especially under water-limited *** study highlights Tab HLH27-A1's role in balancing root growth and drought tolerance,providing a genetic manipulation locus for enhancing WUE in wheat.

关键词： drought tolerance GWAS root growth wheat WUE

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