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Effects of formal credit on pastoral household expense: Evidence from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1774-1785页

作者： Yan Zhang Yi Huang Fan Zhang Zeng Tang State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China

Formal credit is critical in agricultural production,allowing more expenditure and productive input,thereby improving farmers'*** pastoral China,formal financial institutions are gradually ***,a limited understanding remains of how formal credit affects herders'household *** on a survey of 544 herders from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China,this study adopted the propensity score matching approach to identify the effect of formal credit on herders'total household expenses,daily expenses,and productive *** results found that average age,grassland mortgage,and other variables significantly affected herders'participation in formal *** credit could significantly improve household expenses,especially productive expenses.A heterogeneity analysis showed that formal credit had a greater impact on the household total expense for those at higher levels of wealth;however,it significantly affected the productive expense of herders at lower wealth ***,the mediating effect indicated that formal credit could affect herders'household income,thus influencing their household ***,this study suggests that policies should improve herders'accessibility to formal credit.

关键词： formal credit herders expense Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Data-Driven Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Plant-Protection Unmanned Ground Vehicle Prototype: A Fuzzy Indirect Iterative Learning Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第8期11卷 1892-1894页

作者： Tao Chen Ruiyuan Zhao Jian Chen Zichao Zhang College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou 510642China

Dear Editor,This letter proposes a fuzzy indirect iterative learning(FIIL)active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme to address the impact of uncertain factors of plant-protection unmanned ground vehicle(UGV),in which ADRC is a data-driven model-free control algorithm that only relies on the input and output data of the *** on the established nonlinear time-varying dynamic model including dynamic load(medicine box),the FIIL technology is adopted to turn the bandwidth and control channel gain online,in which the fuzzy logic system is used to update the gain parameters of iterative learning in real *** and experiment show the FIIL-ADRC scheme has better control performance.

关键词： Active scheme iterative

Planning for the Solid Waste Management of Central Park in New Capital Development of afghanistan

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第6期7卷 805-815页

作者： Sifatullah Mukhtar Wafaurehman Wafa Haroon Halimzai Ajmal Khan Shams Infrastructure Planning and Designing Division Dehsabz-Barikab City Development Authority Kabul Afghanistan Faculty of Environmental Sciences University of Kabul Kabul Afghanistan afghanistan agriculture input project Ministry of Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock Kabul Afghanistan Operation and Maintenance Division Dehsabz-Barikab City Development Authority Kabul Afghanistan

Kabul New City is a new capital development and a modern city development of afghanistan covering total area of 740 km2. In 2009 Afghan cabinet approved developing New Capital to fulfill the requirement of growing population. For sustainable development, it has been planned to have a green belt and central park about 1298 hectares within the city. It is having positive impact on human health along with the economic, social and environmental benefits. Hence, for sustaining the urban parks, their proper maintenance is a foremost problem. The solid waste management is duly considered in planning stage of development, otherwise, it would encounter major challenges during operation and maintenance of Park. The projected waste generation in KNC park area is required to be assessed, therefore, surveys of Bagh-e-Babur in existing Kabul are carried out for the visitors’ projection and solid waste generation. The highest visitors and waste were estimated in declining order of summer, spring, fall, and winter. Kabul New City Central Park results speculate that the total visitors’ projection is going to be 6,745,313 per year generating about 337 metric tons wastes/year (0.05 kg/visitor/day). 10 Vehicles of capacity 8 m3 are required to collect waste from central park towards the Transfer Station while 4 vehicles of 23 m3 are required for collection of waste from TS to Landfill. Moreover, 700 containers of 240 liters are required in the park. Furthermore, different sites were indicated in map for composting area where after the development it would be considered.

关键词： Kabul New City Central Park Solid Waste Management Operation and Maintenance

Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut(Juglans regia)in Central Asia

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 600-610页

作者： Linjiang Ye Robabeh Shahi Shavvon Hailing Qi Hongyu Wu Pengzhen Fan Mohammad Nasir Shalizi Safiullah Khurram Mamadzhanov Davletbek Yerlan Turuspekov Jie Liu CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity of Jiangxi Province Jingdezhen UniversityJingdezhen 333400JiangxiChina Germplasm Bank of Wild Species&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceYasouj UniversityYasouj 75918-74934Iran University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695United States Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Faculty of AgricultureKabul UniversityKabul D-1006Afghanistan National Academy of Science of the Kyrgyz Republic Jalal-Abad Scientific CenterJalal-Abad 715600Kyrgyzstan Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyAlmaty 050040Kazakhstan

The common walnut(Juglans regia)is one of the most economically important nut trees cultivated *** its importance,no comprehensive evaluation of walnut tree population genetics has been undertaken across the range where it originated,Central *** this study,we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 1082 individuals from 46 populations across Central *** found moderate genetic diversity of *** across Central Asia,with 46 populations clustered into three groups with a weak relationship between genetic and geographic *** findings reveal that the western Himalaya might be the core region of common walnut genetic diversity in Central Asia and that,except for two populations in Gongliu Wild Walnut Valley,humans might have introduced walnut populations to Xinjiang,*** observed distribution of the genetic landscape has probably been affected by historical climate fluctuation,breeding system,and prolonged anthropogenic *** propose the conservation of the core genetic diversity resources in the western Himalaya and pay special attention to populations from Gongliu in *** findings enhance our understanding of the genetic variation throughout the distribution range of *** in Central Asia,which will provide a key prerequisite for evidence-based conservation and management.

关键词： Central Asia Genetic diversity Germplasm management Gongliu wild walnut valley Juglans regia Western Himalaya

Discovering Candidate Chromosomal Regions Linked to Kernel Size-Related Traits via QTL Mapping and Bulked Sample Analysis in Maize

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1429-1443页

作者： Hameed Gul Mengya Qian Mohammad GArabzai Tianhui Huang Qiannan Ma Fangyu Xing Wan Cao Tingting Liu Hong Duan Qianlin Xiao Zhizhai Liu College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgriculturePaktia UniversityGardiz2201Afghanistan

Kernel size-related traits,including kernel length,kernel width,and kernel thickness,are critical components in determining yield and kernel quality in maize(Zea mays L.).Dissecting the phenotypic characteristics of these traits,and discovering the candidate chromosomal regions for these traits,are of potential importance for maize yield and quality *** this study,a total of 139 F2:3 family lines derived from EHel and B73,a distinct line with extremely low ear height(EHel),was used for phenotyping and QTL mapping of three kernel sizerelated traits,including 10-kernel length(KL),10-kernel width(KWid),and 10-kernel thickness(KT).The results showed that only one QTL for KWid,i.e.,qKWid9 on Chr9,with a phenotypic variation explained(PVE)of 13.4%was detected between SNPs of AX-86298371 and AX-86298372,while no QTLs were detected for KL and KT across all 10 *** bulked groups of family lines,i.e.,Groups I to IV,were constructed with F2:3 family lines according to the phenotypic comparisons of KWid between EHel and *** these four groups,Group I possessed a significantly lower KWid than EHel(P=0.0455),Group II was similar to EHel(P=0.34),while both Group III and Group IV were statistically higher than EHel(P<0.05).Besides,except Group IV exhibited a similar KWid to B73(P=0.11),KWid of Groups I to III were statistically lower than B73(P<0.00).By comparing the bulked genotypes of the four groups to EHel and B73,a stable chromosomal region on Chr9 between SNPs of AX-86298372 to AX-86263154,entirely covered by qKWid9,was identified to link KWid with the positive allele of increasing phenotypic effect to KWid from B73,similar to that of qKWid9.A large amount of enzyme activity and macromolecule binding-related genes were annotated within this chromosomal region,suggesting qKWid9 as a potential QTL for KWid in maize.

关键词： Maize(Zea mays L.) kernel size-related traits QTL mapping bulked sample analysis(BSA)

Manure substitution improves maize yield by promoting soil fertility and mediating the microbial community in lime concretion black soil

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 698-710页

作者： Minghui Cao Yan Duan Minghao Li Caiguo Tang Wenjie Kan Jiangye Li Huilan Zhang Wenling Zhong Lifang Wu The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering&Green agriculture Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Zhongke Taihe Experimental Station Taihe 236626China Institute of Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China

Synthetic nitrogen(N)fertilizer has made a great contribution to the improvement of soil fertility and productivity,but excessive application of synthetic N fertilizer may cause agroecosystem risks,such as soil acidification,groundwater contamination and biodiversity ***,organic substitution has received increasing attention for its ecologically and environmentally friendly and productivity ***,the linkages between manure substitution,crop yield and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain *** bridge this gap,a three-year field experiment was conducted with five fertilization regimes:i)Control,non-fertilization;CF,conventional synthetic fertilizer application;CF_(1/2)M_(1/2),1/2 N input via synthetic fertilizer and 1/2 N input via manure;CF_(1/4)M_(3/4),1/4 N input synthetic fertilizer and 3/4 N input via manure;M,manure *** fertilization treatments were designed to have equal N *** results showed that all manure substituted treatments achieved high soil fertility indexes(SFI)and productivities by increasing the soil organic carbon(SOC),total N(TN)and available phosphorus(AP)concentrations,and by altering the bacterial community diversity and composition compared with ***,AP,and the soil C:N ratio were mainly responsible for microbial community *** co-occurrence network revealed that SOC and AP had strong positive associations with Rhodospirillales and Burkholderiales,while TN and C:N ratio had positive and negative associations with Micromonosporaceae,*** specific taxa are implicated in soil macroelement *** Forest analysis predicted that both biotic(bacterial composition and Micromonosporaceae)and abiotic(AP,SOC,SFI,and TN)factors had significant effects on crop *** present work strengthens our understanding of the effects of manure substitution on crop yield and provides theoretical support for optimizing fertilization strategies.

关键词： fertilization manure substitution soil fertility maize yield bacterial community

Nitrate contamination in groundwater of Kabul Province,afghanistan:Reasons behind and conceptual management framework discourse

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1274-1291页

作者： JAWADI Hussain Ali IQBAL Mohammad Wasim NASERI Mohammad FARAHMAND Asadullah AZIZI Abdul Haseeb EQRAR Mohammad Naiem afghanistan National Water and Environmental Research Center(ANWERC) Kabul 1006Afghanistan Department of Geology Faculty of GeosciencesBamyan UniversityBamyan CityBamyan 1601Afghanistan School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85287-8704USA Department of Hydrogeology Ministry of Energy and WaterKabul 1006Afghanistan CITEngineering International Co. LtdTokyoJapan Department of Geology Faculty of GeosciencesKabul UniversityKabul 1006Afghanistan

Groundwater contamination has been on the rise in *** has become a major concern among the policy *** paper aims to propose practical options for the management of nitrate contamination in one of afghanistan’s groundwater polluted provinces,*** management framework utilized Mann-Kendall and Sen Slope tests to detect nitrate trend and geostatistical analysis option in Arc GIS 10.5 to assess the nitrate *** explore the impact of various management options,a number of legislative documents were *** results indicate a decline in the nitrate storage of Kabul aquifers from 108 mg/L in 2005 to 0.044 mg/L in *** the whole period of the study,the results show that the nitrate volumes remain lower than the nitrate concentration range proposed by World Health Organization(50 mg/L).Groundwater dynamics in Kabul aquifers were influenced by nitrate derived from precipitation and nitrate input from root zones in agricultural ***,different management options for groundwater pollution from nitrate and corresponding authorities,incorporated urban,rural and agriculture,were *** is expected that this study will help policy makers to better manage the nitrate storage of Kabul aquifers by implementing the proposed management options.

关键词： Nitrate concentration Groundwater afghanistan Effective parameter Management option

Retrieval of high spatial resolution mountainous land surface temperature considering topographic and adjacency effects

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3610-3625页

作者： Zhiwei HE Bohui TANG Zhaoliang LI Faculty of Land Resources Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Plateau Remote Sensing Department of Education of Yunnan Province State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Land surface temperature(LST) is a key parameter reflecting the interaction between land and atmosphere. Currently,thermal infrared(TIR) quantitative remote sensing technology is the only means to obtain large-scale, high spatial resolution LST. Accurately retrieving high spatial resolution mountainous LST(MLST) plays an important role in the study of mountain climate change. The complex terrain and strong spatial heterogeneity in mountainous areas change the geometric relationship between the surface and satellite sensors, affecting the radiation received by the sensors, and rendering the assumption of planar parallelism invalid. In this study, considering the influence of complex terrain in mountainous areas on atmospheric downward radiation and the thermal radiation contribution of adjacent pixels, a mountainous TIR radiative transfer model based on the sky view factor was developed. Combining with the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN 5.2, a nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm suitable for high spatial resolution MLST retrieval was constructed and applied to Landsat-9 TIRS-2satellite TIR remote sensing data. The analysis results indicate that neglecting the topographic and adjacency effects would lead to significant discrepancies in LST retrieval, with simulated data showing LST differences of up to 2.5 K. Furthermore, due to the lack of measured MLST in the field, the MLST accuracy obtained by this retrieval method was indirectly validated using the currently recognized highest-accuracy forward 3D radiative transfer model DART. The MLST and emissivity were input into the DART model to simulate the brightness temperature at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) of Landsat-9 band 10, and compared with the brightness temperature at TOA of Landsat-9 band 10. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) for the two subregions was0.50 and 0.61 K, respectively, indicating that the method proposed can retrieve high-precision MLST.

关键词： Mountainous land surface temperature Topographic and adjacency effects Nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm Landsat-9 data DART model

Integrated neural tracing and in-situ barcoded sequencing reveals the logic of SCN efferent circuits in regulating circadian behaviors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 518-528页

作者： Meimei Liao Xinwei Gao Chen Chen Qi Li Qingchun Guo He Huang Erquan Zhang Dapeng Ju College of Biological Sciences China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China National Institute of Biological Sciences(NIBS) Beijing 102206China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China School of Biomedical Engineering Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 401336China Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 102206China

The circadian clock coordinates rhythms in numerous physiological processes to maintain organismal homeostasis. Since the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) is widely accepted as the circadian pacemaker, it is critical to understand the neural mechanisms by which rhythmic information is transferred from the SCN to peripheral clocks. Here, we present the first comprehensive map of SCN efferent connections and suggest a molecular logic underlying these projections. The SCN projects broadly to most major regions of the brain, rather than solely to the hypothalamus and thalamus. The efferent projections from different subtypes of SCN neurons vary in distance and intensity, and blocking synaptic transmission of these circuits affects circadian rhythms in locomotion and feeding to different extents. We also developed a barcoding system to integrate retrograde tracing with in-situ sequencing, allowing us to link circuit anatomy and spatial patterns of gene expression. Analyses using this system revealed that brain regions functioning downstream of the SCN receive input from multiple neuropeptidergic cell types within the SCN, and that individual SCN neurons generally project to a single downstream brain *** map of SCN efferent connections provides a critical foundation for future investigations into the neural circuits underlying SCNmediated rhythms in physiology. Further, our new barcoded tracing method provides a tool for revealing the molecular logic of neuronal circuits within heterogeneous brain regions.

关键词： circadian rhythms SCN output circuit neural tracing barcoded GFP in situ sequencing