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Synthesis of chitosan-based grafting magnetic flocculants for flocculation of kaolin suspensions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 193-205页

作者： Chuang Liu Xiaoyu Wang Sicong Du Wenyan Liang Beijing Key lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution/Engineering research Center for Water Pollution Source Control&Eco-remediation/College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

A series of novel chitosan-based magnetic flocculants FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC)was prepared by molecular structure control.The characterization results showed that FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC)had a uniform size of about 21.46 nm,featuring a typical core-shell structure,and the average coating layer thickness of CTS-P(AM-DMC)was about 5.03 nm.FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC)exhibited excellent flocculation performance for kaolin suspension,achieved 92.54% turbidity removal efficiency under dosage of 150 mg/L,pH 7.0,even at high turbidity(2000 NTU)with a removal efficiency of 96.96%.The flocculation mechanism was revealed to be dominated by charge neutralization under acidic and neutral conditions,while adsorption and bridging effects play an important role in alkaline environments.The properties of magnetic aggregates during flocculation,breakage,and regeneration were studied at different pH levels and dosages.In the process of magnetophoretic,magnetic particles collide and adsorb with kaolin particles continuously due to magnetic and electrostatic attraction,transform into magnetic chain clusters,and then further form three-dimensional network magnetic aggregates that can capture free kaolin particles and other chain clusters.Particle image velocimetry confirmed the formation of eddy current of magnetic flocs and experienced three stages:acceleration,stabilization,and deceleration.

关键词： Magnetic flocculation Chitosan Fe_(3)O_(4) Graft copolymerization PIV

A vectorial model for the nonlinear gradient force exerted on metallic Rayleigh nanoparticles

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 207-213页

作者：朱政张聿全闵长俊 Aurèle J.LAdam H.Paul Urbach 袁小聪 research Center for Humanoid Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Nanophotonics research Center Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Optics research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands

Optical tweezers have proved to be a powerful tool with a wide range of applications.The gradient force plays a vital role in the stable optical trapping of nano-objects.The scalar method is convenient and effective for analyzing the gradient force in traditional optical trapping.However,when the third-order nonlinear effect of the nano-object is stimulated,the scalar method cannot adequately present the optical response of the metal nanoparticle to the external optical field.Here,we propose a theoretical model to interpret the nonlinear gradient force using the vector method.By combining the optical Kerr effect,the polarizability vector of the metallic nanoparticle is derived.A quantitative analysis is obtained for the gradient force as well as for the optical potential well.The vector method yields better agreement with reported experimental observations.We suggest that this method could lead to a deeper understanding of the physics relevant to nonlinear optical trapping and binding phenomena.

关键词： gradient forces nonlinear effect metallic nanoparticles

Charge qubits based on ultra-thin topological insulator films

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 71-81页

作者： Kexin Zhang Hugo V.Lepage Ying Dong Crispin H.W.Barnes research Center for Quantum Sensing Intelligent Perception Research InstituteZhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China Cavendish laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom

We study how to use the surface states in a Bi2Se3 topological insulator ultra-thin film that are affected by finite size effects for the purpose of quantum computing.We demonstrate that:(i)surface states under the finite size effect can effectively form a two-level system where their energy levels lie in between the bulk energy gap and a logic qubit can be constructed,(ii)the qubit can be initialized and manipulated using electric pulses of simple forms,(iii)two-qubit entanglement is achieved through a√SWAP operation when the two qubits are in a parallel setup,and(iv)alternatively,a Floquet state can be exploited to construct a qubit and two Floquet qubits can be entangled through a Controlled-NOT operation.The Floquet qubit offers robustness to background noise since there is always an oscillating electric field applied,and the single qubit operations are controlled by amplitude modulation of the oscillating field,which is convenient experimentally.

关键词： topological insulator quantum computing nanodevices

AI for conceptual architecture:Reflections on designing with text-to-text,text-to-image,and image-to-image generators

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Frontiers of Architectural research 2024年第3期13卷 593-612页

作者： Anca-Simona Horvath Panagiota Pouliou research laboratory for Art and Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9000Denmark Lighting Design lab Aalborg UniversityCopenhagen 2450Denmark

In this paper we present a research-through-design study where we employed text-to-text,text-to-image,and image-to-image generative tools for a conceptual architecture project for the eVolo skyscraper competition.We trained these algorithms on a dataset that we collected and curated,consisting of texts about and images of architecture.We describe our design process,present the final proposal,reflect on the usefulness of such tools for early-stage design,and discuss implications for future research and practice.By analysing the results from training the text-to-text generators we could establish a specific design brief that informed the final concept.The results from the image-to-image generator gave an overview of the shape grammars of previous submissions.All results were intriguing and can assist creativity and in this way,the tools were useful for gaining insight into historical architectural data,helped shape a specific design brief,and provoked new ideas.By reflecting on our design process,we argue that the use of language when employing such tools takes a new role and that three layers of language intertwined in our work:architectural discourse,programming languages,and annotations.We present a map that unfolds how these layers came together as a contribution to making machine learning more explainable for creatives.

关键词： Machine learning StyleGAN2-ADA RNN TensorFlow VQGAN+clip AD journal eVolo Conceptual design Architectural design

Progress of Proximity Sensors for Potential Applications in Electronic Skins

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第1期30卷 40-62页

作者： Runnan Zou Yanhong Tong Jiayi Liu Jing Sun Da Xian Qingxin Tang Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials research Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible proximity sensors can accurately perceive external objects without contact,introducing a new way to achieve an ultrasensitive perception of objects.This article reviews the progress of fl exible capacitive proximity sensors,fl exible triboelectric proximity sensors,and fl exible gate-enhanced proximity sensors,focusing on their applications in the electronic skin fi eld.Herein,their working mechanism,materials,preparation methods,and research progress are discussed in detail.Finally,we summarize the future challenges in developing fl exible proximity sensors.

关键词： Capacitive proximity sensors Triboelectric proximity sensors Gate-enhanced proximity sensors Flexible wearable devices Electronic skins

Pulsar Glitch Activities: The Spin Parameters Approach

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 336-359页

作者： Innocent Okwudili Eya Evaristus Uzochukwu Iyida Physics/Electronics Technique—Department of Science laboratory Technology University of Nigeria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria Astronomy and Astrophysics research lab University of Nigeria

Glitch activity refers to the mean increase in pulsar spin frequency per year due to rotational glitches. It is an important tool for studying super-nuclear matter using neutron star interiors as templates. Glitch events are typically observed in the spin frequency(ν) and frequency derivative( ν) of pulsars. The rate of glitch recurrence decreases as the pulsar ages, and the activity parameter is usually measured by linear regression of cumulative glitches over a given period. This method is effective for pulsars with multiple regular glitch events. However, due to the scarcity of glitch events and the difficulty of monitoring all known pulsars, only a few have multiple records of glitch events. This limits the use of the activity parameter in studying neutron star interiors with multiple pulsars.In this study, we examined the relationship between the activity parameters and pulsar spin parameters(spin frequency, frequency derivative, and pulsar characteristic age). We found that a quadratic function provides a better fit for the relationship between activity parameters and spin parameters than the commonly used linear functions.Using this information, we were able to estimate the activity parameters of other pulsars that do not have records of glitches. Our analysis shows that the relationship between the estimated activity parameters and pulsar spin parameters is consistent with that of the observed activity parameters in the ensemble of pulsars.

关键词： (stars:) pulsars: general methods: statistical stars: neutron

Protective Effects of Danmu Extract Syrup on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice through Endothelial Barrier Repair

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期30卷 243-250页

作者： XU Han XU Si-cong LI Li-yan WU Yu-huang TAN Yin-feng CHEN Long LIU Pei LIANG Chang-fu HE Xiao-ning LI Yong-hui Hainan Provincial Key lab of research&Development on Tropic Herbs Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China Department of Stomatology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China

Objective:To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup(DMS) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism.Methods:Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table(n=12),including control(normal saline),LPS(5 mg/kg),LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg,and LPS+Dexamethasone(DXM,5 mg/kg) groups.After pretreatment with DMS and DXM,the ALI mice model was induced by LPS,and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration,cell counts and inflammatory cytokines.The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin,and the wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) of lung tissue was calculated.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of Claudin-5,vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis.Results:DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes.Compared with the LPS group,the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.01).Meanwhile,DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5,VE-cadherin and VEGF(P<0.01).Conclusions:DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier.It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.

关键词： Danmu Extract Syrup acute lung injury inflammatory factors vascular endothelial growth factor phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B Chinese medicine Nauclea officinalis

Advancements,strategies,and prospects of solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs):Towards enhanced performance and large-scale sustainable hydrogen production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 688-715页

作者： Amina Lahrichi Youness El Issmaeli Shankara S.Kalanur Bruno G.Pollet Green Hydrogen lab(GH2lab) Hydrogen Research Institute(HRI)Universitédu QuébecàTrois-Rivières(UQTR)3351 boulevard des ForgesTrois-RivièresQuébec G9A 5H7Canada

Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scale hydrogen production.In SOEC technology,the application of innovative fabrication tech-niques,doping strategies,and advanced materials has enhanced the performance and durability of these systems,although degradation challenges persist,implicating the prime focus for future advancements.Here we provide in-depth analysis of the recent developments in SOEC technology,including Oxygen-SOECs,Proton-SOECs,and Hybrid-SOECs.Specifically,Hybrid-SOECs,with their mixed ionic conducting electrolytes,demonstrate superior efficiency and the concurrent production of hydrogen and oxygen.Coupled with the capacity to harness waste heat,these advancements in SOEC technology present signif-icant promise for pilot-scale applications in industries.The review also highlights remarkable achieve-ments and potential reductions in capital expenditure for future SOEC systems,while elaborating on the micro and macro aspects of sOECs with an emphasis on ongoing research for optimization and scal-ability.It concludes with the potential of SOEC technology to meet various industrial energy needs and its significant contribution considering the key research priorities to tackle the global energy demands,ful-fillment,and decarbonization efforts.

关键词： Solid oxide electrolysis cells Proton-SOECs Oxygen-SoECs Hybrid-SOECs Intermediate-high temperature electrolysers Hydrogenproduction

Oncostatin M:a love-hate relationship in neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第12期19卷 2571-2572页

作者： Doryssa Hermans Niels Hellings Bieke Broux University MS Center Campus DiepenbeekDiepenbeekBelgium Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair lab Department of Immunology and InfectionBiomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium

Oncostatin M and multiple sclerosis:Every 5minutes,someone in the world is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis(MS),a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system(CNS).MS appears in unpredictable episodes of symptoms,which are highly patient-dependent,but often include visual impairment,muscle weakness/spasms,fatigue,cognitive difficulties,and bladder.***.or sexual dysfunction.

关键词： visual bladder someone