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The effect of anode axial position on the performance of a miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster with a cusp-type magnetic field

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第7期24卷 15-22页

作者： Yuanyuan GAO Weizong WANG Yifei LI Shuwen XUE Guobiao CAI advanced space propulsion and Energy laboratory(ASPEL) School of AstronauticsBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191People's Republic of China Aircraft and propulsion laboratory Ningbo Institute of TechnologyBeihang UniversityNingbo 315832People's Republic of China

A 200 W cylindrical Hall thruster with a cusp-type magnetic field was proposed, manifesting convergent plume and high specific impulse. In this paper, a series of ring-shaped anodes are designed and the influence of anode axial position on the performance of CHT with a cusp-type magnetic field is studied. The experimental results indicate that the thruster keeps stable operation at the condition of 140–270 W discharge power. When the anode moves axially towards the upstream cusp field, the thrust enhances from 6.5 mN to 7.6 mN and specific impulse enhances from 1658 s to 1939 s significantly. These improvements of thruster performance should be attributed to the enhancement of current utilization, propellant utilization and acceleration efficiency. According to the analyses on the discharge characteristics, it is revealed that as the anode moves upstream, the electron transport path could be extended, the magnetic field in this extended path could impede electron cross-field transport and facilitate the ionization intensity, yielding to the enhancement of current utilization and propellant utilization ***, along with this enhancement of upstream ionization at the given anode flow rate, the main ionization region is thought to move upstream and then separate more apparently from the acceleration region, which has been demonstrated by the narrowing of ion energy distribution function shape. This change in acceleration region could decrease the ion energy loss and enhance acceleration efficiency. This work is beneficial for optimizing the electrode structure of thruster and recognize the ionization and acceleration process under the cusp magnetic field.

关键词： performance ionization characteristics acceleration characteristics cylindrical Hall thruster anode axial position

The View of Micropropulsion Technology for China’s advanced Small Platforms in Deep space

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space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 100-108页

作者： Yanming Wei Hao Yan Xuhui Liu Yang Yu Jinyue Geng Tao Chen Tuoqu Fu Gaoshi Su Yu Hu Daoman Han advanced space propulsion laboratory Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100090China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace propulsion Technology Beijing 100090China

In this paper,micropropulsion systems are analyzed in conjunction with the various mission requirements of China’s deep space *** a great challenge facing the world,deep space exploration can be enabled only in a few countries with a success rate of around 50%.With the advancement of spacecraft and scientific instruments,it is now feasible to build small and low-cost spacecraft for a variety of deep space *** spacecraft become smaller,there is a need for proper micropropulsion *** of propulsion system selections for deep space exploration are discussed with a focus on products developed by Beijing Institute of Control Engineering(BICE).The requirements for propulsion systems are different in lunar/interplanetary exploration and gravitational wave *** propulsion is selected for fast orbit transfer and electric propulsion for increasing scientific *** gas propulsion and microelectric propulsion are good choices for space-based gravitational wave detection due to the capability of variable thrust output at the micro-Newton *** paper also introduces the sub-1-U micropropulsion modules developed by BICE with satisfactory performance in flight tests,which are promising propulsion systems for small deep space platforms.A small probe with an electric sail propulsion system has been proposed for the future solar system boundary exploration of *** electric sail serves as not only a propellant-free thruster but also a detector probing the properties of the space medium.

关键词： propulsion thrust payload

Hybrid–PIC simulation of sputtering product distribution in a Hall thruster

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第10期19卷 44-51页

作者： Xifeng CAO Guanrong HANG Hui LIU Yingchao MENG Xiaoming LUO Daren YU lab of Plasma propulsion Mail Box 458 Harbin Institute of Technology （HIT） Harbin 150001 People＇s Republic of China Shanghai Institute of space propulsion Shanghai 201112 People＇s Republic of China

Hall thrusters have been widely used in orbit correction and the station-keeping of geostationary satellites due to their high specific impulse, long life, and high reliability. During the operating life of a Hall thruster, high-energy ions will bombard the discharge channel and cause serious erosion. As time passes, this sputtering process will change the macroscopic surface morphology of the discharge channel, especially near the exit, thus affecting the performance of the ***, it is necessary to carry out research on the motion of the sputtering products and erosion process of the discharge wall. To better understand the moving characteristics of sputtering products, based on the hybrid particle-in-cell（PIC） numerical method, this paper simulates the different erosion states of the thruster discharge channel in different moments and analyzes the moving process of different particles, such as B atoms and B~＋ ions. In this paper,the main conclusion is that B atoms are mainly produced on both sides of the channel exit, and B~＋ ions are mainly produced in the middle of the channel exit. The ionization rate of B atoms is approximately 1%.

关键词： Hall thruster sputtering erosion hybrid–PIC

Fluid simulation of the effect of a dielectric window with high temperature on plasma parameters in inductively coupled plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第3期25卷 51-61页

作者：李娜韩道满张权治刘旭辉王英杰王友年 Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ionand Electron Beams(Ministry of Education)School of PhysicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China lab of advanced space propulsion and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace propulsion Technology Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China

To maintain the high-density plasma source in inductively coupled plasma(ICP),very high radiofrequency power is often delivered to the antenna,which can heat the dielectric windows near the antenna to high *** high temperature can modulate the plasma characteristics to a large *** thus study the effect of dielectric window temperature on plasma parameters in two different ICP structures based on COMSOL *** distributions of various plasma species are examined at different dielectric window *** concentration of neutral gas is found to be largely modulated at high dielectric window temperature,which further affects the electron collision probability with neutrals and the electron ***,the electron density profiles are barely affected by the dielectric window temperature,which is mainly concentrated at the center of the reactor due to the fixed power input and pressure.

关键词： fluid simulation metastable argon dielectric window temperature inductively coupled plasma

Influences of characteristic parameters on starting-up process of an arcjet thruster

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2020年第12期33卷 3011-3017页

作者： Yan SHEN Yinggang TONG Fuzhi WEI Zhaopu YAO Dawei HU School of Aerospace and Astronautics Sun Yet-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China lab of space propulsion Technology Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100094China

Arcjet thruster has been a widely used electrical propulsion technology on GEO satellites since *** its long history of technical development and commercial application,lifetime verification of an arcjet thruster is always one of the most important and expensive *** that the main life limitation of an arcjet thruster is electrode ablation and a significant share of the total ablation happens in its starting-up process,the starting-up process is studied with arc voltage *** interpretation of arc voltage signals,the transfer process of the arc root on the anode surface is identified,and?T(the duration of the arc root transfer process)is suggested to be a characteristic parameter for fast evaluation of lifetime assessment and design optimization for an arcjet *** this criterion,the influences of typical parameters on the starting-up process are established through comparison with a benchmark *** to experimental results,an increase of the gas flow will obviously reduce?T,while a smaller swirl aperture and a longer throat channel do not have a remarkable correlation with?***,with a sample of a smaller throat diameter to increase the flow velocity,a reduction of?T is ***,the modifications also affect the stability of arcjet thruster operation,which is also discussed.

关键词： Arc root Arcjet Electric propulsion Electrode ablation Starting-up process

Experimental investigation of the electromagnetic effect and improvement of the plasma radial uniformity in a large-area,very-high frequency capacitive argon discharge

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第5期23卷 66-74页

作者： Daoman HAN Zixuan SU Kai ZHAO Yongxin LIU Fei GAO Younian WANG lab of advanced space propulsion and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace propulsion Technology Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ionand Electron Beams(Ministry of Education)School of PhysicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China

We performed an experimental investigation on the electromagnetic effect and the plasma radial uniformity in a larger-area, cylindrical capacitively coupled plasma reactor. By utilizing a floating hairpin probe, dependences of the plasma radial density on the driving frequency and the radio-frequency power over a wide pressure range of 5-40 Pa were presented. At a relatively low frequency(LF, e.g. 27 MHz), an evident peak generally appears near the electrode edge for all pressures investigated here due to the edge field effect, while at a very high frequency(VHF, e.g.60 or 100 MHz), the plasma density shows a sharp peak at the discharge center at lower pressures, indicating a strong standing wave effect. As the RF power increases, the center-peak structure of plasma density becomes more evident. With increasing the pressure, the standing wave effect is gradually overwhelmed by the ‘stop band’ effect, resulting in a transition in the plasma density profile from a central peak to an edge peak. To improve the plasma radial uniformity, a LF source is introduced into the VHF plasma by balancing the standing wave effect with the edge effect. A much better plasma uniformity can be obtained if one chooses appropriate LF powers, pressures and other corresponding discharge parameters.

关键词： electromagnetic effect plasma radial uniformity very-high-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas

Effects of external parameters on plasma characteristics and uniformity in a dual cylindrical inductively coupled plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第12期26卷 63-74页

作者： Pengyu WANG Siyu XING Daoman HAN Yuru ZHANG Yong LI Cheng ZHOU Fei GAO Younian WANG Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ionand Electron Beams(Ministry of Education)School of PhysicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China lab of advanced space propulsion and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace propulsion Technology Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China

The dual cylindrical inductively coupled plasma source,compared to the conventional structure of inductively coupled plasma source,can significantly improve the uniformity of *** has an enhanced potential for application in processes,such as etching and ashing.A uniform plasma can be obtained by allowing the remote plasma from the upper chamber modulate the main plasma generated in the lower *** this study,a fluid model was employed to investigate a dual cylindrical inductively coupled Ar/O_(2)*** effects of external parameters on electron density,electron temperature,O atomic density,and plasma uniformity in the main chamber were studied,and the reasons were *** results of this study show that remote power can control the plasma uniformity and increase the plasma density in the main *** the remote power increased,plasma uniformity improved initially and then *** main power affected the plasma density at the edge of the main chamber and can modulate the plasma density in the main *** gas pressure affected both the uniformity and density of the *** the gas pressure increased,the plasma uniformity deteriorated,but the free radical density improved.

关键词： dual inductively coupled plasma remote plasma plasma uniformity fluid model

Life test research of a high specific impulse Hall thruster HEP-140MF

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第9期22卷 139-148页

作者： Wei MAO Nan WU Yanlin HU Yan SHEN Zhaopu YAO Xuhui LIU Yanming WEI Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100190People's Republic of China advanced space propulsion laboratory of BICE Beijing 100190People’s Republic of China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace propulsion Technology Beijing 100190People’s Republic of China

In this study,a high specific impulse Hall thruster,HEP-140 MF,having a high discharge voltage,was used to accelerate *** aimed to obtain a high specific impulse and an acceleration zone moving downstream toward the channel exit to reduce wall sputtering erosion of the walls of the discharge channel,hence ensuring an enhanced *** study the lifetime characteristics of the high specific impulse Hall thruster,a life test was performed on the HEP-140 MF thruster for the first time,and performance parameters,such as thrust,specific impulse,and efficiency,were *** in the performance parameters and evolutions in the surface profiles of the discharge channel wall were *** reasons contributing to these changes during the life test were ***,the accelerated life test method was validated on the HEP-140 MF.

关键词： Hall thruster high specific impulse life test accelerated test

Investigation of short-channel design on performance optimization effect of Hall thruster with large height–radius ratio

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第2期24卷 1-9页

作者： Haotian FAN Yongjie DING Chunjin MO Liqiu WEI Hong LI Daren YU Plasma propulsion lab Institute of Advanced PowerHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China Key laboratory of Aerospace Plasma propulsion Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China

In this study,the neutral gas distribution and steady-state discharge under different discharge channel lengths were studied via numerical *** results show that the channel with a length of 22 mm has the advantage of comprehensive discharge *** this time,the magnetic field intensity at the anode surface is 10%of the peak magnetic field *** analysis shows that the high-gas-density zone moves outward due to the shortening of the channel length,which optimizes the matching between the gas flow field and the magnetic field,and thus increases the ionization *** outward movement of the main ionization zone also reduces the ion loss on the wall ***,the propellant utilization efficiency can reach a maximum of 96.8%.Moreover,the plasma potential in the main ionization zone will decrease with the shortening of the *** excessively short-channel will greatly reduce the voltage utilization *** thrust is reduced to a minimum of 46.1 m ***,because the anode surface is excessively close to the main ionization zone,the discharge reliability is also difficult to *** was proved that the performance of Hall thrusters can be optimized by shortening the discharge channel appropriately,and the specific design scheme of short-channel of HEP-1350 PM was defined,which serves as a reference for the optimization design of Hall thruster with large height–radius *** shortchannel design also helps to reduce the thruster axial dimension,further consolidating the advantages of lightweight and large thrust-to-weight ratio of the Hall thruster with large height–radius ratio.

关键词： Hall thruster large height-radius ratio short-channel design discharge performance numerical simulation